Chase Stovall-Mcclough - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Chase Stovall-Mcclough

Research paper thumbnail of Patient-therapist attachment: Impact on the therapeutic process and outcome

Abstract 1. Presents partial findings on 5 patients, 2 of whom shifted to secure states of mind a... more Abstract 1. Presents partial findings on 5 patients, 2 of whom shifted to secure states of mind after 1 year of transference focused psychotherapy (TFP) on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and 3 of whom did not. The authors also present findings on the use of the Patient-...

Research paper thumbnail of Forming attachments in foster care: Infant attachment behaviors during the first 2 months of placement

Development and Psychopathology, Jun 1, 2004

This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver... more This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants' daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents' attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth's Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales~secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence! as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a significant decrease in the daily coherence of attachment behaviors associated with Strange Situation disorganization. Finally, we found significant concordance between the diary and Strange Situation scales for secure and avoidant behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood

... Dozier, Mary; Stovall-McClough, K. Chase; Albus, Kathleen E. Cassidy, Jude (Ed); Shaver, Phil... more ... Dozier, Mary; Stovall-McClough, K. Chase; Albus, Kathleen E. Cassidy, Jude (Ed); Shaver, Phillip R. (Ed), (2008). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.), (pp. 718-744). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press, xix, 1020 pp. Abstract. If we were to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment for PTSD Related to Childhood Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Psychiatry, Aug 1, 2010

This article is featured in this month's AJP Audio and is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Bryant... more This article is featured in this month's AJP Audio and is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Bryant (p. 879).

Research paper thumbnail of Reorganization of Unresolved Childhood Traumatic Memories Following Exposure Therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Dec 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Salivary cortisol in foster children: A pilot study

Child Abuse & Neglect, Jun 1, 2008

There are over a half million children in foster care in the United States (U.S. Department of He... more There are over a half million children in foster care in the United States (U.S. Department of Health, 2005). Due to a multiplicity of genetic and environmental factors, foster children are at high risk for negative behavioral trajectories with a substantial number rated as having a psychiatric disorder. For example, 42-61% of foster children between ages 6 and 18 met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, mostly disruptive behavior disorders (Garland et al., 2001); 27% of 17-year-old foster children were reported to suffer from major depression (McMillen et al., 2005). The psychobiology of child maltreatment is in its infancy and the biological mechanisms linking early adversity and abuse to the development of behavior problems are not yet well understood (Pollak, 2005). However, it is likely that genetic vulnerability to behavioral and psychiatric problems operates, in part, through increased susceptibility to psychosocial stress and adversity (Rutter, 2000). Alteration in the neural circuitry of the stress-response may contribute to marked individual variability in the behavioral trajectories among children with maltreatment histories (De Bellis, 2005; Perry, 2002). From animal models there is evidence that early adversity alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis system by hyperor hypo-regulating the secretion of the stress hormone cortisol (Heim, Owen, Plotsky, & Nemeroff, 1997; Sanchez, Ladd, & Plotsky, 2001). In animal models, basal cortisol plays an essential role in the face of new stressors in that basal cortisol function permits a stress response to emerge efficaciously as well as prevents the response from being pathologically over activated (Sapolsky, Romero, & Munck, 2000). Salivary diurnal cortisol secretion follows a circadian rhythm characterized by relatively high morning levels of cortisol followed by a decrease throughout the remainder of the day (e.g., Gunnar & Cheatham, 2003). Previous research indicates that alteration of the HPA-axis activity is implicated in anxiety and affective symptomatology (

Research paper thumbnail of Patient-therapist attachment in the treatment of borderline personality disorder

Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, Sep 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Unresolved attachment, PTSD, and dissociation in women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Apr 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Foster Children’s Diurnal Production of Cortisol: An Exploratory Study

Child Maltreatment, May 1, 2006

Young children in foster care have often experienced inadequate early care and separations from c... more Young children in foster care have often experienced inadequate early care and separations from caregivers. Preclinical studies suggest that early inadequate care and separations are associated with long-term changes in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the daytime pattern of cortisol production was examined among 55 young children who had been placed into foster care and 104 children who had not. Saliva samples were taken at wake-up, in the afternoon, and bedtime for 2 days. Average salivary cortisol values for each time of day were computed. A group (foster vs. comparison) time (morning, afternoon, night) interaction emerged, reflecting less decline in levels across the day for foster than comparison children. Daytime patterns were categorized as typical, low, or high. Children who had been in foster care had higher incidences of atypical patterns of cortisol production than children who had not. These differences suggest that conditions associated with foster care interfere with children’s ability to regulate neuroendocrine functioning.

Research paper thumbnail of Trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy reduces PTSD more effectively than child centred therapy in children who have been sexually abused

Evidence-based Mental Health, Nov 1, 2004

AP, et al. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD s... more AP, et al. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms.

Research paper thumbnail of Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse

Behavior Therapy, 2005

This study sought to determine the relative contribution of problems in emotion regulation and in... more This study sought to determine the relative contribution of problems in emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning compared to PTSD symptoms in predicting functional impairment among women with childhood abuse histories. One hundred sixty-four treatment-seeking women completed measures of emotion regulation, interpersonal problems, PTSD symptoms, and social adjustment. Severity of PTSD symptoms was a significant predictor of functional impairment. In addition, after controlling for the effects of PTSD symptomatology, emotion regulation and interpersonal problems were both significant predictors and together made contributions to functional impairment equal to that of PTSD symptoms. These data indicate that emotion regulation and interpersonal problems play an important role in functional impairment among women with a history of childhood abuse. These factors should be taken into account in treatment planning to ensure successful rehabilitation from the long-term effects of chronic childhood trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Unresolved attachment, PTSD, and dissociation in women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Treating Life-Impairing Problems Beyond PTSD: Reply to Cahill, Zoellner, Feeny, and Riggs (2004)

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2004

This reply to the comment by Cahill, Riggs, Zoellner, and Feeny (2004) on the article by Cloitre,... more This reply to the comment by Cahill, Riggs, Zoellner, and Feeny (2004) on the article by Cloitre, Koenen, Cohen, and Han (2002) reiterates that an important goal of treatment research among chronically traumatized populations is to address problems that impair life functioning, including not only posttraumatic stress disorder but also emotion regulation difficulties and interpersonal problems. The need for further research on symptom exacerbation and drop-out rates in exposure-based treatment for child abuse survivors is discussed. An ongoing follow-up study is described, which is designed to assess the relative utility of STAIR and modified PE individually versus their combination in meeting "good outcome" standards as defined above.

Research paper thumbnail of Therapeutic Alliance, Negative Mood Regulation, and Treatment Outcome in Child Abuse-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2004

This study examined the related contributions of the therapeutic alliance and negative mood regul... more This study examined the related contributions of the therapeutic alliance and negative mood regulation to the outcome of a 2-phase treatment for childhood abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Phase 1 focused on stabilization and preparatory skills building, whereas Phase 2 was comprised primarily of imaginal exposure to traumatic memories. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated the strength of the therapeutic alliance established early in treatment reliably predicted improvement in PTSD symptoms at posttreatment. Furthermore, this relationship was mediated by participants' improved capacity to regulate negative mood states in the context of Phase 2 exposure therapy. In the treatment of childhood abuse-related PTSD, the therapeutic alliance and the mediating influence of emotion regulation capacity appear to have significant roles in successful outcome.

Research paper thumbnail of Reorganization of Unresolved Childhood Traumatic Memories Following Exposure Therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Forming attachments in foster care: infant attachment behaviors during the first 2 months of placement

Development and Psychopathology, 2004

This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver... more This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants' daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents' attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth's Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales (secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence) as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a sign...

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood

Bowlby (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) proposed a model of development with clearly articulated implicati... more Bowlby (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) proposed a model of development with clearly articulated implications for psychopathology. According to this model, an infant’s formation of an attachment to a caregiver is a key developmental task that influences not only the child’s representations of self and other, but also strategies for processing attachmentrelated thoughts and feelings. Attachment-related events, such as loss and abuse, lead to modifications in these internal representations and affect a child’s strategies for processing thoughts and feelings. Bowlby (1973, 1980) suggested that when children develop negative representations of themselves or others, or when they adopt strategies for processing attachment-related thoughts and feelings that compromise realistic appraisals, they become more vulnerable to psychopathology. In this chapter, we consider how the quality of an infant’s attachment to his or her caregiver, subsequent attachment-related experiences, and concurrently assessed...

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Caregiver State of Mind

All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

Research paper thumbnail of Traumatic reactions to terrorism: The individual and collective experience

Research paper thumbnail of Patient-therapist attachment: Impact on the therapeutic process and outcome

Abstract 1. Presents partial findings on 5 patients, 2 of whom shifted to secure states of mind a... more Abstract 1. Presents partial findings on 5 patients, 2 of whom shifted to secure states of mind after 1 year of transference focused psychotherapy (TFP) on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and 3 of whom did not. The authors also present findings on the use of the Patient-...

Research paper thumbnail of Forming attachments in foster care: Infant attachment behaviors during the first 2 months of placement

Development and Psychopathology, Jun 1, 2004

This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver... more This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants' daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents' attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth's Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales~secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence! as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a significant decrease in the daily coherence of attachment behaviors associated with Strange Situation disorganization. Finally, we found significant concordance between the diary and Strange Situation scales for secure and avoidant behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood

... Dozier, Mary; Stovall-McClough, K. Chase; Albus, Kathleen E. Cassidy, Jude (Ed); Shaver, Phil... more ... Dozier, Mary; Stovall-McClough, K. Chase; Albus, Kathleen E. Cassidy, Jude (Ed); Shaver, Phillip R. (Ed), (2008). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.), (pp. 718-744). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press, xix, 1020 pp. Abstract. If we were to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment for PTSD Related to Childhood Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Psychiatry, Aug 1, 2010

This article is featured in this month's AJP Audio and is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Bryant... more This article is featured in this month's AJP Audio and is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Bryant (p. 879).

Research paper thumbnail of Reorganization of Unresolved Childhood Traumatic Memories Following Exposure Therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Dec 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Salivary cortisol in foster children: A pilot study

Child Abuse & Neglect, Jun 1, 2008

There are over a half million children in foster care in the United States (U.S. Department of He... more There are over a half million children in foster care in the United States (U.S. Department of Health, 2005). Due to a multiplicity of genetic and environmental factors, foster children are at high risk for negative behavioral trajectories with a substantial number rated as having a psychiatric disorder. For example, 42-61% of foster children between ages 6 and 18 met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, mostly disruptive behavior disorders (Garland et al., 2001); 27% of 17-year-old foster children were reported to suffer from major depression (McMillen et al., 2005). The psychobiology of child maltreatment is in its infancy and the biological mechanisms linking early adversity and abuse to the development of behavior problems are not yet well understood (Pollak, 2005). However, it is likely that genetic vulnerability to behavioral and psychiatric problems operates, in part, through increased susceptibility to psychosocial stress and adversity (Rutter, 2000). Alteration in the neural circuitry of the stress-response may contribute to marked individual variability in the behavioral trajectories among children with maltreatment histories (De Bellis, 2005; Perry, 2002). From animal models there is evidence that early adversity alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis system by hyperor hypo-regulating the secretion of the stress hormone cortisol (Heim, Owen, Plotsky, & Nemeroff, 1997; Sanchez, Ladd, & Plotsky, 2001). In animal models, basal cortisol plays an essential role in the face of new stressors in that basal cortisol function permits a stress response to emerge efficaciously as well as prevents the response from being pathologically over activated (Sapolsky, Romero, & Munck, 2000). Salivary diurnal cortisol secretion follows a circadian rhythm characterized by relatively high morning levels of cortisol followed by a decrease throughout the remainder of the day (e.g., Gunnar & Cheatham, 2003). Previous research indicates that alteration of the HPA-axis activity is implicated in anxiety and affective symptomatology (

Research paper thumbnail of Patient-therapist attachment in the treatment of borderline personality disorder

Bulletin of The Menninger Clinic, Sep 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Unresolved attachment, PTSD, and dissociation in women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Apr 1, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Foster Children’s Diurnal Production of Cortisol: An Exploratory Study

Child Maltreatment, May 1, 2006

Young children in foster care have often experienced inadequate early care and separations from c... more Young children in foster care have often experienced inadequate early care and separations from caregivers. Preclinical studies suggest that early inadequate care and separations are associated with long-term changes in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the daytime pattern of cortisol production was examined among 55 young children who had been placed into foster care and 104 children who had not. Saliva samples were taken at wake-up, in the afternoon, and bedtime for 2 days. Average salivary cortisol values for each time of day were computed. A group (foster vs. comparison) time (morning, afternoon, night) interaction emerged, reflecting less decline in levels across the day for foster than comparison children. Daytime patterns were categorized as typical, low, or high. Children who had been in foster care had higher incidences of atypical patterns of cortisol production than children who had not. These differences suggest that conditions associated with foster care interfere with children’s ability to regulate neuroendocrine functioning.

Research paper thumbnail of Trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy reduces PTSD more effectively than child centred therapy in children who have been sexually abused

Evidence-based Mental Health, Nov 1, 2004

AP, et al. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD s... more AP, et al. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms.

Research paper thumbnail of Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse

Behavior Therapy, 2005

This study sought to determine the relative contribution of problems in emotion regulation and in... more This study sought to determine the relative contribution of problems in emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning compared to PTSD symptoms in predicting functional impairment among women with childhood abuse histories. One hundred sixty-four treatment-seeking women completed measures of emotion regulation, interpersonal problems, PTSD symptoms, and social adjustment. Severity of PTSD symptoms was a significant predictor of functional impairment. In addition, after controlling for the effects of PTSD symptomatology, emotion regulation and interpersonal problems were both significant predictors and together made contributions to functional impairment equal to that of PTSD symptoms. These data indicate that emotion regulation and interpersonal problems play an important role in functional impairment among women with a history of childhood abuse. These factors should be taken into account in treatment planning to ensure successful rehabilitation from the long-term effects of chronic childhood trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Unresolved attachment, PTSD, and dissociation in women with childhood abuse histories

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Treating Life-Impairing Problems Beyond PTSD: Reply to Cahill, Zoellner, Feeny, and Riggs (2004)

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2004

This reply to the comment by Cahill, Riggs, Zoellner, and Feeny (2004) on the article by Cloitre,... more This reply to the comment by Cahill, Riggs, Zoellner, and Feeny (2004) on the article by Cloitre, Koenen, Cohen, and Han (2002) reiterates that an important goal of treatment research among chronically traumatized populations is to address problems that impair life functioning, including not only posttraumatic stress disorder but also emotion regulation difficulties and interpersonal problems. The need for further research on symptom exacerbation and drop-out rates in exposure-based treatment for child abuse survivors is discussed. An ongoing follow-up study is described, which is designed to assess the relative utility of STAIR and modified PE individually versus their combination in meeting "good outcome" standards as defined above.

Research paper thumbnail of Therapeutic Alliance, Negative Mood Regulation, and Treatment Outcome in Child Abuse-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2004

This study examined the related contributions of the therapeutic alliance and negative mood regul... more This study examined the related contributions of the therapeutic alliance and negative mood regulation to the outcome of a 2-phase treatment for childhood abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Phase 1 focused on stabilization and preparatory skills building, whereas Phase 2 was comprised primarily of imaginal exposure to traumatic memories. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated the strength of the therapeutic alliance established early in treatment reliably predicted improvement in PTSD symptoms at posttreatment. Furthermore, this relationship was mediated by participants' improved capacity to regulate negative mood states in the context of Phase 2 exposure therapy. In the treatment of childhood abuse-related PTSD, the therapeutic alliance and the mediating influence of emotion regulation capacity appear to have significant roles in successful outcome.

Research paper thumbnail of Reorganization of Unresolved Childhood Traumatic Memories Following Exposure Therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Forming attachments in foster care: infant attachment behaviors during the first 2 months of placement

Development and Psychopathology, 2004

This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver... more This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants' daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents' attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth's Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales (secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence) as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a sign...

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood

Bowlby (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) proposed a model of development with clearly articulated implicati... more Bowlby (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) proposed a model of development with clearly articulated implications for psychopathology. According to this model, an infant’s formation of an attachment to a caregiver is a key developmental task that influences not only the child’s representations of self and other, but also strategies for processing attachmentrelated thoughts and feelings. Attachment-related events, such as loss and abuse, lead to modifications in these internal representations and affect a child’s strategies for processing thoughts and feelings. Bowlby (1973, 1980) suggested that when children develop negative representations of themselves or others, or when they adopt strategies for processing attachment-related thoughts and feelings that compromise realistic appraisals, they become more vulnerable to psychopathology. In this chapter, we consider how the quality of an infant’s attachment to his or her caregiver, subsequent attachment-related experiences, and concurrently assessed...

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Caregiver State of Mind

All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

Research paper thumbnail of Traumatic reactions to terrorism: The individual and collective experience