Kuan-chen Chen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kuan-chen Chen
23rd Thermophysics, Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference, 1988
A numerical model using the finite element method was developed to study the fluid flow and heat ... more A numerical model using the finite element method was developed to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in a barrel-type CVD reactor. The flow was assumed to be steady, laminar, and axisymmetric. Buoyancy effects were incorporated in the Navier-Stokes equations. Axial velocity and temperature distributions above a tapered susceptor were calculated and compared with the velocity and temperature profiles
30th Plasmadynamic and Lasers Conference, 1999
Use of chemical affinity for analyzing reacting flows of gases not in LThE (Local Thermal Equilib... more Use of chemical affinity for analyzing reacting flows of gases not in LThE (Local Thermal Equilibrium) is investigated. The affinity is used as a parameter to define the degree of reaction extent in reacting flows. The relation between the reaction rate and the affinity for a multitemperature ideal gas mixture is also investigated and discussed. Each gas species in the
Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1993
A nonequilibrium plasma model for computing the thermodynamic properties of partially ionized mol... more A nonequilibrium plasma model for computing the thermodynamic properties of partially ionized molecular hydrogen in both nonlocal thermal equilibrium and nonlocal chemical equilibrium is developed. It is shown that a decrease in plasma pressure or an increase in chemical affinity causes chemical reactions to occur at lower temperatures, resulting in higher plasma enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy. It is also
Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2011
The transition economies are known to have quite different market structures from the market econ... more The transition economies are known to have quite different market structures from the market economies. State-owned banks accounts for a major part of the financial sector in East European countries before the transition period. Since the input prices of the sector are frequently under the control of those governments, the misallocated resources may incur the loss of economic efficiency. This paper attempts to gauge the technical and allocative efficiency using unbalanced panel data of 340 banks from 14 transition countries under the framework of the Fourier flexible shadow cost function. Accommodating technical and allocative efficiencies simultaneously, as suggested by Atkinson and Cornwell (Int Econ Rev 35:231-243, 1994a) and Kumbhakar and Wang (J Econom 134:317-340, 2006a), avoids potential specification errors and leads to consistent parameter estimates. The average total cost savings resulting from greater technical and allocative efficiency are around 28.31 and 7.13%, respectively. Foreign-owned banks are found to be the most economically efficient. The enforcement of financial liberalization does gradually improve upon the sample banks' technical efficiency. The allocative inefficiency arises from over capitalization and excess funds. Scale diseconomies appear to prevail in the sample states with a few exceptions.
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, 2000
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2015
Drug-drug interactions have long been an active research area in clinical medicine. In Taiwan, ho... more Drug-drug interactions have long been an active research area in clinical medicine. In Taiwan, however, the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) presents additional complexity to the topic. Therefore, it is important to see the interaction between traditional Chinese and western medicine. (1) To create a comprehensive database of multi-herb/western drug interactions indexed according to the ways in which physicians actually practice and (2) to measure this database's impact on the detection of adverse effects between traditional Chinese medicine compounds and western medicines. First, a multi-herb/western medicine drug interactions database was created by separating each TCM compound into its constituent herbs. Each individual herb was then checked against an existing single-herb/western drug interactions database. The data source comes from the National Health Insurance research database, which spans the years 1998-2011. This study estimated the interaction prevalence rate and further separated the rates according to patient characteristics, distribution by county, and hospital accreditation levels. Finally, this new database was integrated into a computer order entry module of the electronic medical records system of a regional teaching hospital. The effects it had were measured for two months. The most commonly interacting Chinese herbs were Ephedrae Herba and Angelicae Sinensis Radix/Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Ephedrae Herba contains active ingredients similar to in ephedrine. 15 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compounds contain Ephedrae Herba. Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix contain ingredients similar to coumarin, a blood thinner. 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compounds contained Angelicae Sinensis Radix/Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. In the period from 1998 to 2011, the prevalence of herb-drug interactions related to Ephedrae Herba was 0.18%. The most commonly prescribed traditional Chinese compounds were MA SHING GAN SHYR TANG (23.1%), followed by SHEAU CHING LONG TANG (15.5%) and DINQ CHUAN TANG (13.2%). The prevalence of herb-drug interactions related to Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was 4.59%. The most common traditional Chinese compound formula were TSANG EEL SAAN (32%), followed by HUOH SHIANG JENQ CHIH SAAN (31.4%) and SHY WUH TANG (10.7%). Once the multi-herb drug interaction database was deployed in a hospital system, there were 480 prescriptions that indicated a TCM-western drug interaction. Physicians were alerted 24 times during two months. These alerts resulted in a prescription change four times (16.7%). Due to the unique cultural factors that have resulted in widespread acceptance of both western and traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan stands well positioned to report on the prevalence of interactions between western drugs and traditional Chinese medicine and devise ways to reduce their incidence. This study built a multi-herb/western drug interactions database, embedded inside a hospital clinical information system, and then examined the effects that drug interaction alerts had on clinician prescribing behaviour. The results demonstrated that western drug/traditional Chinese medicine interactions are prevalent and that western-trained physicians tend to change their prescribing behaviour more than traditional Chinese medicine physicians in their response to medication interaction alerts.
International Journal of Energy Research, 2015
The transient and synchronization behaviors of a TA (thermo acoustic) laser pair were investigate... more The transient and synchronization behaviors of a TA (thermo acoustic) laser pair were investigated experimentally for various crossing angles and different separation distances between the laser openings. Sound waves generated by the lasers were measured and analyzed at or near the focusing point by means of microphones, SPL meters, and a commercial software called Signal-Express. The two TA lasers were acoustically coupled through the air mass between their openings, and the only mode-locking operation that could be achieved was the one that was nearly out of phase. The time to achieve synchronization was found to be dependent upon the initial mistuning of the frequencies and the crossing angle between the laser axes. The synchronization process could also be accelerated by turning on the laser with the lower power input first.
Scientific Reports, 2015
The structural characterization correlated to the processing control of hierarchical structure of... more The structural characterization correlated to the processing control of hierarchical structure of planar heterojunction perovskite layer is still incomplete due to the limitations of conventional microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This present study performed the simultaneously grazing-incidence small-angle scattering and wide-angle scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS) techniques to quantitatively probe the hierarchical structure of the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The result is complementary to the currently microscopic study. Correlation between the crystallization behavior, crystal orientation, nano- and meso-scale internal structure and surface morphology of perovskite film as functions of various processing control parameters is reported for the first time. The structural transition from the fractal pore network to the surface fractal can be tuned by the chloride percentage. The GISAXS/GIWAXS measurement provides the comprehensive understanding of concurrent evolution of the film morphology and crystallization correlated to the high performance. The result can provide the insight into formation mechanism and rational synthesis design.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 30, 2010
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising option in the treatment of cancer. Efficient photosensi... more Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising option in the treatment of cancer. Efficient photosensitizers are available but many of them have insufficient physico-chemical properties for parenteral application. We have established nanoparticles consisting of human serum albumin (HSA) as a drug carrier system for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrine (mTHPP) and 5,10,15,20-tertrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC), two well-known photosensitizers. Nanoparticle loading was performed in water/ethanol mixtures in the presence of dissolved HSA acting as solubilizer for photosensitizers. The HSA concentration was optimized to exclude precipitation in the nanoparticle suspension and to increase binding to nanoparticles. Additionally, the influence of pH and incubation time on drug adsorption was investigated. A freeze drying method was established for mTHPC loaded nanoparticles and the storage stability of the freeze dried formulation was tested. PDT related photophysical parameters...
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011
The photosensitizing efficiency of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles loaded with the photos... more The photosensitizing efficiency of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizers meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC) and meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (mTHPP) was investigated in vitro. The endocytotic intracellular uptake, and the time dependent drug release caused by nanoparticle decomposition of the PS loaded HSA nanoparticles were studied on Jurkat cells in suspension. The photoxicity as well as the intracellular singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) generation were investigated in dependence on the incubation time. The obtained results show that HSA nanoparticles are promising carriers for the clinical used mTHPC (Foscan). After release the ( 1 O 2 ) generation as well as the phototoxicity are more efficient compared with mTHPC applied without the HSA nanoparticles.
Solar Energy, 2002
ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics o... more ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a new bi-directional thermodiode design. The thermodiode was made up of several rectangular loops filled with a fluid and mounted between two vertical plates. Rotatable joints between the horizontal and inclined segments of the loops enable easy alteration of the direction of heat transfer. The dimensions of the loops were optimized for solar heating application. Both master and slave modules were constructed and went through a series of indoor and outdoor tests. Indoor test results showed an onset time of about 15 min for natural convection to be induced throughout the loops when the thermodiode was forward-biased and subject to radiation from 400 to 800 W/m2. A large temperature difference was maintained across the thermodiode and the cold-end temperature remained almost unchanged during heating when the diode was reverse-biased. In the outdoor tests the throughflow was induced after 90 min of heating in the morning. The maximum temperature difference between the test cells with and without thermodiodes was about 10°C which occurred around noon.
J Dermatol Sci., 2014
Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens. Data regarding costs for psoriasis pat... more Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens. Data regarding costs for psoriasis patients in Taiwan are not available. To estimate the economic burden of psoriasis in Taiwan. Psoriasis patients and their controls were identified from the 2006 National Health Insurance (NHI) research database, and differences in annual healthcare utilization and costs between psoriasis cases and controls were predicted by two-part models and generalized linear models. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in five hospital settings to collect information on out-of-pocket payments and productivity losses associated with seeking care. All analyses were stratified by the severity level of psoriasis. From the payer's perspective, the NHI cost associated with moderate to severe psoriasis (sPsO) was NT$41,525 and that with mild psoriasis (mPsO) was NT$14,816. Adding the out-of-pocket payments (NT$13,095 for sPsO and NT$7237 for mPsO) and the loss of productivity (NT$6203 for sPsO and NT$2750 for mPsO), the annual total cost for sPsO was NT$60,823 and that for mPsO was NT$24,803. Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens in Taiwan. Effective treatment of the disease could produce substantial savings in healthcare resources and gains in productivity.
Solar Energy, 1998
The time-dependent heat transfer and temperature variation of a bayonet-type thermal diode are th... more The time-dependent heat transfer and temperature variation of a bayonet-type thermal diode are theoretically investigated. A one-dimensional analytical model is developed to predict the dynamic behavior of the diode during heating, and a lumped-system approximation is employed for the cooling phase. Results of the analytical model and FLUENT are compared with experimental data of a bayonet thermal diode tested in Utah. Measured solar flux, ambient and room temperatures for a 24-hour period are used as the input data for the analytical model and the numerical calculation. The diode temperature variations predicted by the analytical model and FLUENT are in good agreement with experimental data. The simple analytical model is therefore capable of predicting the diode performance under real weather conditions.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2007
With the Z-scan method, the nonlinear optical properties of ethyl red (ER) in ethanol solution ar... more With the Z-scan method, the nonlinear optical properties of ethyl red (ER) in ethanol solution are measured by using the lasers of 441.6, 535 and 633 nm, respectively. As a result, the effective indexes of refraction n 2 of CR at the three wavelengths are in the range from 10 À10 to 10 À9 m 2 W À1 . The nonlinear absorption of ER ethanol film at the three wavelengths is measured respectively. The self-diffraction of the ER solution at 441.6 and at 535 nm is investigated, respectively, and the results indicate it possesses high quality of optical limiting.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2004
Under varying intensities and polarization of the exciting light respectively, the photoinduced b... more Under varying intensities and polarization of the exciting light respectively, the photoinduced birefringence of azo dye polymer film placed between a pair of orthogonal polarizers is studied by measuring the transmitted intensity. It is concluded that the saturation and stable values of the transmitted intensity are all proportional to the intensity of exciting light. Both values also relate to the polarization direction of the exciting light, and when the angle q between the polarization directions of the probe intensity and the exciting light is lager than 10 , the saturation and stable values of the transmitted light are all proportional to sin 2 2q. In addition, the birefringence of the sample was measured accurately by using a compensator.
23rd Thermophysics, Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference, 1988
A numerical model using the finite element method was developed to study the fluid flow and heat ... more A numerical model using the finite element method was developed to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in a barrel-type CVD reactor. The flow was assumed to be steady, laminar, and axisymmetric. Buoyancy effects were incorporated in the Navier-Stokes equations. Axial velocity and temperature distributions above a tapered susceptor were calculated and compared with the velocity and temperature profiles
30th Plasmadynamic and Lasers Conference, 1999
Use of chemical affinity for analyzing reacting flows of gases not in LThE (Local Thermal Equilib... more Use of chemical affinity for analyzing reacting flows of gases not in LThE (Local Thermal Equilibrium) is investigated. The affinity is used as a parameter to define the degree of reaction extent in reacting flows. The relation between the reaction rate and the affinity for a multitemperature ideal gas mixture is also investigated and discussed. Each gas species in the
Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1993
A nonequilibrium plasma model for computing the thermodynamic properties of partially ionized mol... more A nonequilibrium plasma model for computing the thermodynamic properties of partially ionized molecular hydrogen in both nonlocal thermal equilibrium and nonlocal chemical equilibrium is developed. It is shown that a decrease in plasma pressure or an increase in chemical affinity causes chemical reactions to occur at lower temperatures, resulting in higher plasma enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy. It is also
Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2011
The transition economies are known to have quite different market structures from the market econ... more The transition economies are known to have quite different market structures from the market economies. State-owned banks accounts for a major part of the financial sector in East European countries before the transition period. Since the input prices of the sector are frequently under the control of those governments, the misallocated resources may incur the loss of economic efficiency. This paper attempts to gauge the technical and allocative efficiency using unbalanced panel data of 340 banks from 14 transition countries under the framework of the Fourier flexible shadow cost function. Accommodating technical and allocative efficiencies simultaneously, as suggested by Atkinson and Cornwell (Int Econ Rev 35:231-243, 1994a) and Kumbhakar and Wang (J Econom 134:317-340, 2006a), avoids potential specification errors and leads to consistent parameter estimates. The average total cost savings resulting from greater technical and allocative efficiency are around 28.31 and 7.13%, respectively. Foreign-owned banks are found to be the most economically efficient. The enforcement of financial liberalization does gradually improve upon the sample banks' technical efficiency. The allocative inefficiency arises from over capitalization and excess funds. Scale diseconomies appear to prevail in the sample states with a few exceptions.
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, 2000
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2015
Drug-drug interactions have long been an active research area in clinical medicine. In Taiwan, ho... more Drug-drug interactions have long been an active research area in clinical medicine. In Taiwan, however, the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) presents additional complexity to the topic. Therefore, it is important to see the interaction between traditional Chinese and western medicine. (1) To create a comprehensive database of multi-herb/western drug interactions indexed according to the ways in which physicians actually practice and (2) to measure this database's impact on the detection of adverse effects between traditional Chinese medicine compounds and western medicines. First, a multi-herb/western medicine drug interactions database was created by separating each TCM compound into its constituent herbs. Each individual herb was then checked against an existing single-herb/western drug interactions database. The data source comes from the National Health Insurance research database, which spans the years 1998-2011. This study estimated the interaction prevalence rate and further separated the rates according to patient characteristics, distribution by county, and hospital accreditation levels. Finally, this new database was integrated into a computer order entry module of the electronic medical records system of a regional teaching hospital. The effects it had were measured for two months. The most commonly interacting Chinese herbs were Ephedrae Herba and Angelicae Sinensis Radix/Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Ephedrae Herba contains active ingredients similar to in ephedrine. 15 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compounds contain Ephedrae Herba. Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix contain ingredients similar to coumarin, a blood thinner. 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compounds contained Angelicae Sinensis Radix/Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. In the period from 1998 to 2011, the prevalence of herb-drug interactions related to Ephedrae Herba was 0.18%. The most commonly prescribed traditional Chinese compounds were MA SHING GAN SHYR TANG (23.1%), followed by SHEAU CHING LONG TANG (15.5%) and DINQ CHUAN TANG (13.2%). The prevalence of herb-drug interactions related to Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was 4.59%. The most common traditional Chinese compound formula were TSANG EEL SAAN (32%), followed by HUOH SHIANG JENQ CHIH SAAN (31.4%) and SHY WUH TANG (10.7%). Once the multi-herb drug interaction database was deployed in a hospital system, there were 480 prescriptions that indicated a TCM-western drug interaction. Physicians were alerted 24 times during two months. These alerts resulted in a prescription change four times (16.7%). Due to the unique cultural factors that have resulted in widespread acceptance of both western and traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan stands well positioned to report on the prevalence of interactions between western drugs and traditional Chinese medicine and devise ways to reduce their incidence. This study built a multi-herb/western drug interactions database, embedded inside a hospital clinical information system, and then examined the effects that drug interaction alerts had on clinician prescribing behaviour. The results demonstrated that western drug/traditional Chinese medicine interactions are prevalent and that western-trained physicians tend to change their prescribing behaviour more than traditional Chinese medicine physicians in their response to medication interaction alerts.
International Journal of Energy Research, 2015
The transient and synchronization behaviors of a TA (thermo acoustic) laser pair were investigate... more The transient and synchronization behaviors of a TA (thermo acoustic) laser pair were investigated experimentally for various crossing angles and different separation distances between the laser openings. Sound waves generated by the lasers were measured and analyzed at or near the focusing point by means of microphones, SPL meters, and a commercial software called Signal-Express. The two TA lasers were acoustically coupled through the air mass between their openings, and the only mode-locking operation that could be achieved was the one that was nearly out of phase. The time to achieve synchronization was found to be dependent upon the initial mistuning of the frequencies and the crossing angle between the laser axes. The synchronization process could also be accelerated by turning on the laser with the lower power input first.
Scientific Reports, 2015
The structural characterization correlated to the processing control of hierarchical structure of... more The structural characterization correlated to the processing control of hierarchical structure of planar heterojunction perovskite layer is still incomplete due to the limitations of conventional microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This present study performed the simultaneously grazing-incidence small-angle scattering and wide-angle scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS) techniques to quantitatively probe the hierarchical structure of the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The result is complementary to the currently microscopic study. Correlation between the crystallization behavior, crystal orientation, nano- and meso-scale internal structure and surface morphology of perovskite film as functions of various processing control parameters is reported for the first time. The structural transition from the fractal pore network to the surface fractal can be tuned by the chloride percentage. The GISAXS/GIWAXS measurement provides the comprehensive understanding of concurrent evolution of the film morphology and crystallization correlated to the high performance. The result can provide the insight into formation mechanism and rational synthesis design.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 30, 2010
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising option in the treatment of cancer. Efficient photosensi... more Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising option in the treatment of cancer. Efficient photosensitizers are available but many of them have insufficient physico-chemical properties for parenteral application. We have established nanoparticles consisting of human serum albumin (HSA) as a drug carrier system for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrine (mTHPP) and 5,10,15,20-tertrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC), two well-known photosensitizers. Nanoparticle loading was performed in water/ethanol mixtures in the presence of dissolved HSA acting as solubilizer for photosensitizers. The HSA concentration was optimized to exclude precipitation in the nanoparticle suspension and to increase binding to nanoparticles. Additionally, the influence of pH and incubation time on drug adsorption was investigated. A freeze drying method was established for mTHPC loaded nanoparticles and the storage stability of the freeze dried formulation was tested. PDT related photophysical parameters...
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011
The photosensitizing efficiency of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles loaded with the photos... more The photosensitizing efficiency of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizers meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC) and meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (mTHPP) was investigated in vitro. The endocytotic intracellular uptake, and the time dependent drug release caused by nanoparticle decomposition of the PS loaded HSA nanoparticles were studied on Jurkat cells in suspension. The photoxicity as well as the intracellular singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) generation were investigated in dependence on the incubation time. The obtained results show that HSA nanoparticles are promising carriers for the clinical used mTHPC (Foscan). After release the ( 1 O 2 ) generation as well as the phototoxicity are more efficient compared with mTHPC applied without the HSA nanoparticles.
Solar Energy, 2002
ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics o... more ABSTRACT An experimental study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a new bi-directional thermodiode design. The thermodiode was made up of several rectangular loops filled with a fluid and mounted between two vertical plates. Rotatable joints between the horizontal and inclined segments of the loops enable easy alteration of the direction of heat transfer. The dimensions of the loops were optimized for solar heating application. Both master and slave modules were constructed and went through a series of indoor and outdoor tests. Indoor test results showed an onset time of about 15 min for natural convection to be induced throughout the loops when the thermodiode was forward-biased and subject to radiation from 400 to 800 W/m2. A large temperature difference was maintained across the thermodiode and the cold-end temperature remained almost unchanged during heating when the diode was reverse-biased. In the outdoor tests the throughflow was induced after 90 min of heating in the morning. The maximum temperature difference between the test cells with and without thermodiodes was about 10°C which occurred around noon.
J Dermatol Sci., 2014
Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens. Data regarding costs for psoriasis pat... more Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens. Data regarding costs for psoriasis patients in Taiwan are not available. To estimate the economic burden of psoriasis in Taiwan. Psoriasis patients and their controls were identified from the 2006 National Health Insurance (NHI) research database, and differences in annual healthcare utilization and costs between psoriasis cases and controls were predicted by two-part models and generalized linear models. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in five hospital settings to collect information on out-of-pocket payments and productivity losses associated with seeking care. All analyses were stratified by the severity level of psoriasis. From the payer's perspective, the NHI cost associated with moderate to severe psoriasis (sPsO) was NT$41,525 and that with mild psoriasis (mPsO) was NT$14,816. Adding the out-of-pocket payments (NT$13,095 for sPsO and NT$7237 for mPsO) and the loss of productivity (NT$6203 for sPsO and NT$2750 for mPsO), the annual total cost for sPsO was NT$60,823 and that for mPsO was NT$24,803. Psoriasis is associated with significant economic burdens in Taiwan. Effective treatment of the disease could produce substantial savings in healthcare resources and gains in productivity.
Solar Energy, 1998
The time-dependent heat transfer and temperature variation of a bayonet-type thermal diode are th... more The time-dependent heat transfer and temperature variation of a bayonet-type thermal diode are theoretically investigated. A one-dimensional analytical model is developed to predict the dynamic behavior of the diode during heating, and a lumped-system approximation is employed for the cooling phase. Results of the analytical model and FLUENT are compared with experimental data of a bayonet thermal diode tested in Utah. Measured solar flux, ambient and room temperatures for a 24-hour period are used as the input data for the analytical model and the numerical calculation. The diode temperature variations predicted by the analytical model and FLUENT are in good agreement with experimental data. The simple analytical model is therefore capable of predicting the diode performance under real weather conditions.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2007
With the Z-scan method, the nonlinear optical properties of ethyl red (ER) in ethanol solution ar... more With the Z-scan method, the nonlinear optical properties of ethyl red (ER) in ethanol solution are measured by using the lasers of 441.6, 535 and 633 nm, respectively. As a result, the effective indexes of refraction n 2 of CR at the three wavelengths are in the range from 10 À10 to 10 À9 m 2 W À1 . The nonlinear absorption of ER ethanol film at the three wavelengths is measured respectively. The self-diffraction of the ER solution at 441.6 and at 535 nm is investigated, respectively, and the results indicate it possesses high quality of optical limiting.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2004
Under varying intensities and polarization of the exciting light respectively, the photoinduced b... more Under varying intensities and polarization of the exciting light respectively, the photoinduced birefringence of azo dye polymer film placed between a pair of orthogonal polarizers is studied by measuring the transmitted intensity. It is concluded that the saturation and stable values of the transmitted intensity are all proportional to the intensity of exciting light. Both values also relate to the polarization direction of the exciting light, and when the angle q between the polarization directions of the probe intensity and the exciting light is lager than 10 , the saturation and stable values of the transmitted light are all proportional to sin 2 2q. In addition, the birefringence of the sample was measured accurately by using a compensator.