Cheryl Aine - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cheryl Aine

American journal of mental deficiency

... Galbraith, Gary; Aine, Cheryl; Squires, Nancy; Buchwald, Jennifer. American Journal of Mental... more ... Galbraith, Gary; Aine, Cheryl; Squires, Nancy; Buchwald, Jennifer. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, Vol 87(5), Mar 1983, 551-557 ... 16–65 yr olds (IQs were 9–64 as determined by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale or Kuhlmann-Binet Infant Scale) (Down's syndrome and ...

In the past, hemiplegia or hemiparesis after primary motor cortex (MI) damage made it difficult t... more In the past, hemiplegia or hemiparesis after primary motor cortex (MI) damage made it difficult to evaluate the neurophysiological basis for restoration of motor function using functional imaging technologies. This is because traditional assessments of MI tissue viability have depended on measurements requiring movement of the fingers, hand, or limb, which is either impossible or significantly compromised in patients with these disorders. In this paper, we will first review our recent findings in healthy subjects using magnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neuromagnetic functional imaging technique, to show that electrical median nerve stimulation is a reliable procedure for eliciting activity in MI, as well as primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The rationale underlying this approach was suggested by neuronal interconnectivity of MI. Then, we will present the results of using median nerve MEG task on acute ischemic stroke patients to monitor the patients' primary motor, as well as somatosensory functions, when they have difficulties in performing the traditional active motor tasks.

A number of studies have shown that selective attention to spatial location modulates the amplitu... more A number of studies have shown that selective attention to spatial location modulates the amplitudes of several visual evoked potential components recorded from posterior regions of the head (e.g., Eason, Harter White, 1969; Harter, Aine, Schroeder, 1982; Hillyard Munte, 1984; Mangun Hillyard, 1988). The early components, P1 and N1 (peak latencies: 90--135 and 140--170 msec, respectively), are thought to arise

The goals were to examine the temporal sequence in which visual information (such as visual field... more The goals were to examine the temporal sequence in which visual information (such as visual field, spatial frequency) are processed and to determine whether different neural sources are activated when such features are attended versus not attended. These issues are basic to current models of visual selective attention. 10 refs., 4 figs.

The present study applies neuromagnetic measurement techniques to probe the neurophysiological pr... more The present study applies neuromagnetic measurement techniques to probe the neurophysiological processing of spatial frequency (SF) by normal human observers. By exploiting the temporal and spatial resolution of neuromagnetic measurements, we hope to discriminate and characterize underlying neural functions and explore their correlation with perceptual or behavioral performance measures. Spatial frequency analysis has proven a useful paradigm for the study

Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1992

Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become the method of choice for imaging the anatomy of the human brain.

Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1998

A multi-start downhill simplex method is examined as a global minimization technique for fitting ... more A multi-start downhill simplex method is examined as a global minimization technique for fitting multidipole, spatio-temporal magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. This procedure has been performed on both simulated and empirical human visual data, known to exhibit complex field patterns due to multiple sources. Unlike some other non-linear fitting techniques the multi-start downhill simplex method does not require users to provide initial guesses for the dipole parameters, hence the fitting procedure is less time-consuming, more objective, and user-friendly. In addition, this method offers more than one adequate solution thus providing a range of uncertainty for the estimated parameters. The Multi-start downhill simplex method is used to fit the non-linear dipole spatial parameters, while the linear temporal parameters are fit using a separate linear fitting procedure. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is also used in order to improve the procedure for determining the adequate number...

The International journal of neuroscience, 1995

Results are reviewed from several neuromagnetic studies which characterize the temporal dynamics ... more Results are reviewed from several neuromagnetic studies which characterize the temporal dynamics of neural sources contributing to the visual evoked response and effects of attention on these sources. Different types of pattern-onset stimuli (< or = 2 degrees) were presented sequentially to a number of field locations in the right visual field. Multiple dipole models were applied to a sequence of instantaneous field distributions constructed at 10 ms intervals. Best-fitting source parameters were superimposed on Magnetic Resonance images (MRI) of each subject to identify the anatomical structure(s) giving rise to the surface patterns. At least three sources, presumably corresponding to different visual areas, were routinely identified from 80-150 ms following the onset of visual stimulation. This observation was consistent across subjects and studies. The temporal sequence and strength of activation of these sources, however, were dependent upon the specific stimulus parameters u...

Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1980

The auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABRs) of two groups of retarded adults (Down's synd... more The auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABRs) of two groups of retarded adults (Down's syndrome and retarded of unknown etiology) were compared with those of a group of non-retarded control subjects as a function of changes in stimulus repetition rate and stimulus intensity. The absence of ABRs at the highest stimulus intensity suggested profound hearing deficits in one or both ears of 4 Down's syndrome and 2 unknown-etiology subjects. Other abnormalities were noted in particular individuals of each group of retarded. In addition, the ABRs of the Down's group as a whole showed a significant pattern of abnormalities. The intervals between peaks I and II and III and IV were shorter than normal white the IV--V interval was prolonged. Wave V also showed abnormally small latency increases at fast click rates. The ABRs of the unknown-etiology group showed a shortened III--IV interval and a prolongation of the IV--V interval, but were otherwise not significantly different fro...

Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1986

Four right-handed males and 4 right-handed females were instructed to match pairs of stimuli (col... more Four right-handed males and 4 right-handed females were instructed to match pairs of stimuli (colored flashes with either colored patterns or color names) presented sequentially to the central retina. Subjects were to respond to the second stimulus of a pair when it matched the first stimulus in terms of sensory color or word meaning. ERPs recorded from the second stimulus of a pair over occipital and frontal cortical regions indicate the following: Interdimension effects reflect an early and more global discrimination process between colored patterns and word patterns per se. The source of this effect appears to be localized in occipital cortical regions. Intradimension effects were evident later in time and reflect a more refined discrimination process between particular features within a dimension rather than between dimensions. The intradimension color effect began earlier in time than the word effect (229 msec versus 318 msec in the occipital data) and appears to be localized i...

Journal of computational neuroscience

The primary purpose of these studies was to link together concepts related to attention/working m... more The primary purpose of these studies was to link together concepts related to attention/working memory and feedforward/feedback activity using MEG response profiles obtained in humans. Similar to recent studies of attention in monkeys, we show early "spike-like" activity (<200 ms poststimulus), most likely reflecting an early transient excitatory response mixed with feedback influences, followed by "slow-wave" activity (>200 ms poststimulus) in MEG cortical response profiles evoked by a visual working memory task. We experimentally dissociated the early transient activity from the later sustained activity (predominantly feedback) by conducting an auditory size classification task. Words, representing common objects, evoked activity in occipital cortex (presumably due to imagery) even though visual stimuli were not present in this task. The initial "spike" was absent from the response profile obtained from occipital cortex, leaving only "slow-...

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society, 2005

Previous studies have shown that magnetoencephalography (MEG) can measure hippocampal activity, d... more Previous studies have shown that magnetoencephalography (MEG) can measure hippocampal activity, despite the cylindrical shape and deep location in the brain. The current study extended this work by examining the ability to differentiate the hippocampal subfields, parahippocampal cortex, and neocortical temporal sources using simulated interictal epileptic activity. A model of the hippocampus was generated on the MRIs of five subjects. CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were activated as well as entorhinal cortex, presubiculum, and neocortical temporal cortex. In addition, pairs of sources were activated sequentially to emulate various hypotheses of mesial temporal lobe seizure generation. The simulated MEG activity was added to real background brain activity from the five subjects and modeled using a multidipole spatiotemporal modeling technique. The waveforms and source locations/orientations for hippocampal and parahippocampal sources were differentiable from neocortic...

A primary goal of noninvasive studies of human vision is to identify and characterize multiple vi... more A primary goal of noninvasive studies of human vision is to identify and characterize multiple visual areas in the human brain analogous to those identified in studies of nonhuman primates. By combining functional MEG measurements with images of individual anatomy derived from MRI, the authors hope to determine the location and arrangement of multiple visual areas in human cortex and

Cognitive Brain Research, 2005

Auditory response profiles for a group of ten healthy young and ten healthy elderly subjects, evo... more Auditory response profiles for a group of ten healthy young and ten healthy elderly subjects, evoked by implicit memory and delayed verbal recognition tasks, were evaluated to determine if effects of stimulus repetition could be identified in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and prefrontal cortical regions. We hypothesized that effects of stimulus repetition should occur both early in time and at early levels of the nervous system (STG) followed by later effects in prefrontal regions. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses were recorded using a whole-head MEG system and automated, multi-start analysis methods were applied to the data in order to characterize the temporal response profiles from distributed but focal, cortical regions engaged in memory-related tasks. The findings revealed a main effect of age for early activity (~50 ms) in STG which appeared to be nonspecific for Old/New words and an Age Â Task interaction for late activity (~100-800 ms) in STG which was specific to Old/New words. Although the behavioral performance measures did not reveal traditional effects of response priming, the MEG measures did reveal a reduction in amplitude with stimulus repetition in young subjects. The elderly did not reveal a reduction in amplitude concomitant with stimulus repetition for either the global attributes of words or for specific Old/New words. Long duration effects of stimulus repetition noted in the present study raise the possibility that results from sensory gating, mismatch negativity and P300 paradigms may represent a continuum of stimulus repetition effects. Two of these paradigms evoke greater enhancement to novel or infrequent stimuli, or rather, greater reduction of amplitude with repetition. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Advances in Biomagnetism, 1989

In magnetoencephalography (MEG), the magnetic fields created by electrical activity in the brain ... more In magnetoencephalography (MEG), the magnetic fields created by electrical activity in the brain are measured on the surface of the skull. To determine the location of the activity, the measured field is fit to an assumed source generator model, such as a current dipole, by minimizing chi-square. For current dipoles and other nonlinear source models, the fit is performed by an iterative least squares procedure such as the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Once the fit has been computed, analysis of the resulting value of chi-square can determine whether the assumed source model is adequate to account for the measurements. If the source model is adequate, then the effect of measurement error on the fitted model parameters must be analyzed. Although these kinds of simulation studies can provide a rough idea of the effect that measurement error can be expected to have on source localization, they cannot provide detailed enough information to determine the effects that the errors in a particular measurement situation will produce. In this work, we introduce and describe the use of Monte Carlo-based techniques to analyze model fitting errors for real data. Given the details of the measurement setup and a statistical description of the measurement errors, these techniques determine the effects the errors have on the fitted model parameters. The effects can then be summarized in various ways such as parameter variances/covariances or multidimensional confidence regions. 8 refs., 3 figs.

Reciprocal connections, in essence, are the dynamic wiring (connections) of the neural network ci... more Reciprocal connections, in essence, are the dynamic wiring (connections) of the neural network circuitry. Given the high complexity of the neural circuitry in the human brain, it is quite a challenge to study the dynamic wiring of highly parallel and widely distributed neural networks. The measurements of stimulus evoked coherent oscillations provide indirect evidence of dynamic wiring. In this study,