Chia-ying Lee - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Chia-ying Lee

Name of the person who will make presentation: (Surname) Chou (First name) Chia-Ju (Ms.) Affiliat... more Name of the person who will make presentation: (Surname) Chou (First name) Chia-Ju (Ms.) Affiliation: Title: The constraint and cloze probability effects on Chinese classifier-noun agreement in two hemispheres Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that the left hemisphere (LH) makes effectively use of the contextual information to predict the upcoming words, while the right hemisphere (RH) seems less efficient in using the contextual information but adapts a "wait-and-see" strategy for sentence comprehension. This event-related potential (ERP) study utilizes the unique characteristics of Chinese classifier-noun agreement to examine the hemispheric processing of the contextual constraint and the cloze probability to target words with the split visual field paradigm. In each trial, participants perceived either a strongly or a weakly constrained classifier presented in the central of screen. The classifier was then paired with a highly expected (high cloze probability, 7...

Behavior research methods, Jan 9, 2017

Words are considered semantically ambiguous if they have more than one meaning and can be used in... more Words are considered semantically ambiguous if they have more than one meaning and can be used in multiple contexts. A number of recent studies have provided objective ambiguity measures by using a corpus-based approach and have demonstrated ambiguity advantages in both naming and lexical decision tasks. Although the predictive power of objective ambiguity measures has been examined in several alphabetic language systems, the effects in logographic languages remain unclear. Moreover, most ambiguity measures do not explicitly address how the various contexts associated with a given word relate to each other. To explore these issues, we computed the contextual diversity (Adelman, Brown, & Quesada, Psychological Science, 17; 814-823, 2006) and semantic ambiguity (Hoffman, Lambon Ralph, & Rogers, Behavior Research Methods, 45; 718-730, 2013) of traditional Chinese single-character words based on the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus, where contextual diversity was used to evaluate the pre...

Language and Linguistics, 2015

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

This study aimed to understand how reading ability shapes the lexicality effects on N400. Fifty-t... more This study aimed to understand how reading ability shapes the lexicality effects on N400. Fifty-three typical developing children from the second to the sixth grades were asked to perform the pronounceability judgment task on a set of Chinese real characters (RC), pseudocharacters (PC) and non-characters (NC), as ERPs were recorded. The cluster-based permutation analysis revealed that children with low- to medium-reading ability showed greater negativity to NCs than to RCs and PCs in frontal sites from 300 to 450 ms, while children with high ability group showed a greater positivity to NCs than both RCs and PCs at central to posterior sites. Furthermore, the linear mixed model (LMM) analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between lexicality effects on N400 and reading-related behavioral assessments on a set of standardized tests (including character recognition, vocabulary size, phonological awareness, and working memory). The results found that in children with lower r...

Cognitive Psychology, 2016

Brain and language

Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological pro... more Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological processing during spoken word recognition. This study utilized the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to differentiate two types of phonology-to-orthography (P-to-O) mapping consistencies in Chinese, namely homophone density and orthographic consistency. The ERP data revealed an orthographic consistency effect in the frontal-centrally distributed N400, and a homophone density effect in central-posteriorly distributed late positive component (LPC). Further source analyses using the standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) demonstrated that the orthographic effect was not only localized in the frontal and temporal-parietal regions for phonological processing, but also in the posterior visual cortex for orthographic processing, while the homophone density effect was found in middle temporal gyrus for lexical-semantic selection, and in the temporal-occipital junction for or...

Neuropsychologia, Jan 11, 2015

Predictability effect on N400, in which low predictability words elicited a larger N400 than high... more Predictability effect on N400, in which low predictability words elicited a larger N400 than high predictability words did over central to posterior electrodes, has been used to index difficulty of lexical retrieval and semantic integration of words in sentence comprehension. This study examined predictability effect on N400 in aphasic patients to determine if the properties of N400 are suited to indexing the severity of reading comprehension deficits. Patients with aphasia were divided into high and low ability groups based on scores on the reading comprehension subtest in the Chinese Concise Aphasia Test (CCAT). The two aphasia groups, a group of healthy elders who were age-matched to the aphasic participants, and a group of young adults, were requested to read sentences that either ended with highly predictable words or unexpected but plausible words, while undergoing electroencephalography (EEG). The young adult and healthy elderly groups exhibited the typical centro-parietal di...

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015

Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in the emergency departmen... more Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department (ED). There are several research articles providing evidence for acupuncture for treating chronic LBP but few about treating acute LBP. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of acute LBP in the ED.Materials and methods. A clinical pilot cohort study was conducted. 60 participants, recruited in the ED, were divided into experimental and control groups with 1 dropout during the study. Life-threatening conditions or severe neurological defects were excluded. The experimental group (n=45) received a series of fixed points of acupuncture. The control group (n=14) received sham acupuncture by pasting seed-patches near acupoints. Back pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) at three time points: baseline and immediately after and 3 days after intervention as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were heart rate variability (HRV) and a...

Annals of dyslexia, Jan 15, 2015

To examine cognitive correlates of dyslexia in Chinese and reading difficulties in English as a f... more To examine cognitive correlates of dyslexia in Chinese and reading difficulties in English as a foreign language, a total of 14 Chinese dyslexic children (DG), 16 poor readers of English (PE), and 17 poor readers of both Chinese and English (PB) were compared to a control sample (C) of 17 children, drawn from a statistically representative sample of 177 second graders. Children were tested on pure copying of unfamiliar stimuli, rapid automatized naming (RAN), phoneme deletion, syllable deletion, and morphological awareness. With children's ages and Raven's nonverbal reasoning statistically controlled, the PE and PB groups were significantly lower than the C group on phoneme deletion and RAN tasks, while the DG performed significantly better than the PB group on the RAN task. The copying task distinguished the DG group from the C group. Findings particularly highlight the importance of phoneme awareness for word reading in English (but not Chinese), the potential need for flu...

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, Jan 24, 2015

This study investigated how phonological saliency, deviance size, and maturation affect mismatch ... more This study investigated how phonological saliency, deviance size, and maturation affect mismatch responses (MMRs) in early infancy. MMRs to Mandarin vowels and initial consonants were measured using a multi-deviant oddball paradigm in adults, newborns, and 6-month-olds. The vowel condition consisted of Mandarin syllable da as the standard, du as the large deviant and di as small deviant. As for initial consonant condition, we took syllable ba as standard, ga as large deviant, and ba as small deviant. While adults showed typical mismatch negativities (MMNs), newborns demonstrated broad positive MMRs (P-MMRs) to both initial consonants and vowels. For 6-month-olds, deviance size affected the polarity of MMRs to vowels. The large deviant du/da contrast elicited an adult-like MMN, while the small deviant di/da contrast elicited a P-MMR. Initial consonant changes elicited only P-MMRs, regardless of deviance size. In summary, MMRs to vowels switched from P-MMR at birth to MMN at 6months. ...

Journal of Phonetics, 2015

ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, 2011

... Cambridge University Press. 34. MOE 1996. Common errors in Chinese writings ( ). Ministry of ... more ... Cambridge University Press. 34. MOE 1996. Common errors in Chinese writings ( ). Ministry of Education, Taiwan. http://140.111.34.54/files/site_content/M0001/biansz/c9.htm. 35. Sison, R. and Shimura, M. 1998. Student modeling and machine learning. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. ...

LANGUAGE …

ABSTRACT Three experiments in naming Chinese characters are presented here to address the relatio... more ABSTRACT Three experiments in naming Chinese characters are presented here to address the relationships between character frequency, consistency, and regularity effects in Chinese character naming. Significant interactions between character consistency and frequency were found across the three experiments, regardless of whether the phonetic radical of the phonogram is a legitimate character in its own right or not. These findings suggest that the phonological information embedded in Chinese characters has an influence upon the naming process of Chinese characters. Furthermore, phonetic radicals exist as computation units mainly because they are structures occurring systematically within Chinese characters, not because they can function as recognized, freestanding characters. On the other hand, the significant interaction between regularity and consistency found in the first experiment suggests that these two factors affect Chinese character naming in different ways. These findings are accounted for within interactive activation frameworks and a connectionist model.

Journal of Phonetics, Jul 2015

Across languages and linguistic phenomena, rises in spoken pitch seem to occupy a privileged posi... more Across languages and linguistic phenomena, rises in spoken pitch seem to occupy a privileged position compared to steady F0 or pitch lowering. Speakers are more likely to use sudden rises in pitch to arouse listener attention, rather than using falls; e.g., contrastive stress, questions seeking a response, beginnings of units of discourse, expressions of intense emotion, etc. The study evaluated whether there are brain responses that are more sensitive to stepwise raised vs. lowered spoken F0, and whether any such responses were also caused by pure tone stimuli. Three types of brain response were evaluated. Mismatch negativity (MNN), which reflects pre-attentive mechanisms, was only sensitive to degrees of F0 change, and not to direction. P300, which is an indicator of attention orientation, did not show sensitivity to F0 direction to non­speech stimuli, but showed greater sensitivity to raised than to lowered spoken F0. Time-frequency analysis of EEG data showed beta-band response in the right parietal area, when presented with spoken F0 elevation. Taken together, the P300 and beta band results suggest that attention modulation mechanisms are triggered when listeners are exposed to sudden rises in spoken F0. However, there was a lack of attention orientation response when non-speech F0 changes were presented, or when subjects were exposed to lowerings of spoken F0.

Psychophysiology, 2014

Using a multiple-deviant oddball paradigm, this study examined second graders&amp... more Using a multiple-deviant oddball paradigm, this study examined second graders' brain responses to Cantonese speech. We aimed to address the question of whether a change in a consonant or lexical tone could be automatically detected by children. We measured auditory mismatch responses to place of articulation and voice onset time (VOT), reflecting segmental perception, as well as Cantonese lexical tones including level tone and contour tone, reflecting suprasegmental perception. The data showed that robust mismatch negativities (MMNs) were elicited by all deviants in the time window of 300-500 ms in second graders. Moreover, relative to the standard stimuli, the VOT deviant elicited a robust positive mismatch response, and the level tone deviant elicited a significant MMN in the time window of 150-300 ms. The findings suggest that Hong Kong second graders were sensitive to neural discriminations of speech sounds both at the segmental and suprasegmental levels.

Name of the person who will make presentation: (Surname) Chou (First name) Chia-Ju (Ms.) Affiliat... more Name of the person who will make presentation: (Surname) Chou (First name) Chia-Ju (Ms.) Affiliation: Title: The constraint and cloze probability effects on Chinese classifier-noun agreement in two hemispheres Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that the left hemisphere (LH) makes effectively use of the contextual information to predict the upcoming words, while the right hemisphere (RH) seems less efficient in using the contextual information but adapts a "wait-and-see" strategy for sentence comprehension. This event-related potential (ERP) study utilizes the unique characteristics of Chinese classifier-noun agreement to examine the hemispheric processing of the contextual constraint and the cloze probability to target words with the split visual field paradigm. In each trial, participants perceived either a strongly or a weakly constrained classifier presented in the central of screen. The classifier was then paired with a highly expected (high cloze probability, 7...

Behavior research methods, Jan 9, 2017

Words are considered semantically ambiguous if they have more than one meaning and can be used in... more Words are considered semantically ambiguous if they have more than one meaning and can be used in multiple contexts. A number of recent studies have provided objective ambiguity measures by using a corpus-based approach and have demonstrated ambiguity advantages in both naming and lexical decision tasks. Although the predictive power of objective ambiguity measures has been examined in several alphabetic language systems, the effects in logographic languages remain unclear. Moreover, most ambiguity measures do not explicitly address how the various contexts associated with a given word relate to each other. To explore these issues, we computed the contextual diversity (Adelman, Brown, & Quesada, Psychological Science, 17; 814-823, 2006) and semantic ambiguity (Hoffman, Lambon Ralph, & Rogers, Behavior Research Methods, 45; 718-730, 2013) of traditional Chinese single-character words based on the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus, where contextual diversity was used to evaluate the pre...

Language and Linguistics, 2015

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

This study aimed to understand how reading ability shapes the lexicality effects on N400. Fifty-t... more This study aimed to understand how reading ability shapes the lexicality effects on N400. Fifty-three typical developing children from the second to the sixth grades were asked to perform the pronounceability judgment task on a set of Chinese real characters (RC), pseudocharacters (PC) and non-characters (NC), as ERPs were recorded. The cluster-based permutation analysis revealed that children with low- to medium-reading ability showed greater negativity to NCs than to RCs and PCs in frontal sites from 300 to 450 ms, while children with high ability group showed a greater positivity to NCs than both RCs and PCs at central to posterior sites. Furthermore, the linear mixed model (LMM) analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between lexicality effects on N400 and reading-related behavioral assessments on a set of standardized tests (including character recognition, vocabulary size, phonological awareness, and working memory). The results found that in children with lower r...

Cognitive Psychology, 2016

Brain and language

Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological pro... more Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological processing during spoken word recognition. This study utilized the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to differentiate two types of phonology-to-orthography (P-to-O) mapping consistencies in Chinese, namely homophone density and orthographic consistency. The ERP data revealed an orthographic consistency effect in the frontal-centrally distributed N400, and a homophone density effect in central-posteriorly distributed late positive component (LPC). Further source analyses using the standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) demonstrated that the orthographic effect was not only localized in the frontal and temporal-parietal regions for phonological processing, but also in the posterior visual cortex for orthographic processing, while the homophone density effect was found in middle temporal gyrus for lexical-semantic selection, and in the temporal-occipital junction for or...

Neuropsychologia, Jan 11, 2015

Predictability effect on N400, in which low predictability words elicited a larger N400 than high... more Predictability effect on N400, in which low predictability words elicited a larger N400 than high predictability words did over central to posterior electrodes, has been used to index difficulty of lexical retrieval and semantic integration of words in sentence comprehension. This study examined predictability effect on N400 in aphasic patients to determine if the properties of N400 are suited to indexing the severity of reading comprehension deficits. Patients with aphasia were divided into high and low ability groups based on scores on the reading comprehension subtest in the Chinese Concise Aphasia Test (CCAT). The two aphasia groups, a group of healthy elders who were age-matched to the aphasic participants, and a group of young adults, were requested to read sentences that either ended with highly predictable words or unexpected but plausible words, while undergoing electroencephalography (EEG). The young adult and healthy elderly groups exhibited the typical centro-parietal di...

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015

Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in the emergency departmen... more Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department (ED). There are several research articles providing evidence for acupuncture for treating chronic LBP but few about treating acute LBP. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of acute LBP in the ED.Materials and methods. A clinical pilot cohort study was conducted. 60 participants, recruited in the ED, were divided into experimental and control groups with 1 dropout during the study. Life-threatening conditions or severe neurological defects were excluded. The experimental group (n=45) received a series of fixed points of acupuncture. The control group (n=14) received sham acupuncture by pasting seed-patches near acupoints. Back pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) at three time points: baseline and immediately after and 3 days after intervention as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were heart rate variability (HRV) and a...

Annals of dyslexia, Jan 15, 2015

To examine cognitive correlates of dyslexia in Chinese and reading difficulties in English as a f... more To examine cognitive correlates of dyslexia in Chinese and reading difficulties in English as a foreign language, a total of 14 Chinese dyslexic children (DG), 16 poor readers of English (PE), and 17 poor readers of both Chinese and English (PB) were compared to a control sample (C) of 17 children, drawn from a statistically representative sample of 177 second graders. Children were tested on pure copying of unfamiliar stimuli, rapid automatized naming (RAN), phoneme deletion, syllable deletion, and morphological awareness. With children's ages and Raven's nonverbal reasoning statistically controlled, the PE and PB groups were significantly lower than the C group on phoneme deletion and RAN tasks, while the DG performed significantly better than the PB group on the RAN task. The copying task distinguished the DG group from the C group. Findings particularly highlight the importance of phoneme awareness for word reading in English (but not Chinese), the potential need for flu...

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, Jan 24, 2015

This study investigated how phonological saliency, deviance size, and maturation affect mismatch ... more This study investigated how phonological saliency, deviance size, and maturation affect mismatch responses (MMRs) in early infancy. MMRs to Mandarin vowels and initial consonants were measured using a multi-deviant oddball paradigm in adults, newborns, and 6-month-olds. The vowel condition consisted of Mandarin syllable da as the standard, du as the large deviant and di as small deviant. As for initial consonant condition, we took syllable ba as standard, ga as large deviant, and ba as small deviant. While adults showed typical mismatch negativities (MMNs), newborns demonstrated broad positive MMRs (P-MMRs) to both initial consonants and vowels. For 6-month-olds, deviance size affected the polarity of MMRs to vowels. The large deviant du/da contrast elicited an adult-like MMN, while the small deviant di/da contrast elicited a P-MMR. Initial consonant changes elicited only P-MMRs, regardless of deviance size. In summary, MMRs to vowels switched from P-MMR at birth to MMN at 6months. ...

Journal of Phonetics, 2015

ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, 2011

... Cambridge University Press. 34. MOE 1996. Common errors in Chinese writings ( ). Ministry of ... more ... Cambridge University Press. 34. MOE 1996. Common errors in Chinese writings ( ). Ministry of Education, Taiwan. http://140.111.34.54/files/site_content/M0001/biansz/c9.htm. 35. Sison, R. and Shimura, M. 1998. Student modeling and machine learning. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. ...

LANGUAGE …

ABSTRACT Three experiments in naming Chinese characters are presented here to address the relatio... more ABSTRACT Three experiments in naming Chinese characters are presented here to address the relationships between character frequency, consistency, and regularity effects in Chinese character naming. Significant interactions between character consistency and frequency were found across the three experiments, regardless of whether the phonetic radical of the phonogram is a legitimate character in its own right or not. These findings suggest that the phonological information embedded in Chinese characters has an influence upon the naming process of Chinese characters. Furthermore, phonetic radicals exist as computation units mainly because they are structures occurring systematically within Chinese characters, not because they can function as recognized, freestanding characters. On the other hand, the significant interaction between regularity and consistency found in the first experiment suggests that these two factors affect Chinese character naming in different ways. These findings are accounted for within interactive activation frameworks and a connectionist model.

Journal of Phonetics, Jul 2015

Across languages and linguistic phenomena, rises in spoken pitch seem to occupy a privileged posi... more Across languages and linguistic phenomena, rises in spoken pitch seem to occupy a privileged position compared to steady F0 or pitch lowering. Speakers are more likely to use sudden rises in pitch to arouse listener attention, rather than using falls; e.g., contrastive stress, questions seeking a response, beginnings of units of discourse, expressions of intense emotion, etc. The study evaluated whether there are brain responses that are more sensitive to stepwise raised vs. lowered spoken F0, and whether any such responses were also caused by pure tone stimuli. Three types of brain response were evaluated. Mismatch negativity (MNN), which reflects pre-attentive mechanisms, was only sensitive to degrees of F0 change, and not to direction. P300, which is an indicator of attention orientation, did not show sensitivity to F0 direction to non­speech stimuli, but showed greater sensitivity to raised than to lowered spoken F0. Time-frequency analysis of EEG data showed beta-band response in the right parietal area, when presented with spoken F0 elevation. Taken together, the P300 and beta band results suggest that attention modulation mechanisms are triggered when listeners are exposed to sudden rises in spoken F0. However, there was a lack of attention orientation response when non-speech F0 changes were presented, or when subjects were exposed to lowerings of spoken F0.

Psychophysiology, 2014

Using a multiple-deviant oddball paradigm, this study examined second graders&amp... more Using a multiple-deviant oddball paradigm, this study examined second graders' brain responses to Cantonese speech. We aimed to address the question of whether a change in a consonant or lexical tone could be automatically detected by children. We measured auditory mismatch responses to place of articulation and voice onset time (VOT), reflecting segmental perception, as well as Cantonese lexical tones including level tone and contour tone, reflecting suprasegmental perception. The data showed that robust mismatch negativities (MMNs) were elicited by all deviants in the time window of 300-500 ms in second graders. Moreover, relative to the standard stimuli, the VOT deviant elicited a robust positive mismatch response, and the level tone deviant elicited a significant MMN in the time window of 150-300 ms. The findings suggest that Hong Kong second graders were sensitive to neural discriminations of speech sounds both at the segmental and suprasegmental levels.