James Chiou - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by James Chiou

Research paper thumbnail of Single-Center Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Azilsartan Medoxomil in Mild to Moderate Hepatic Impairment

Journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan 27, 2017

Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is a potent angiotensin II receptor blocker that decreases blood pre... more Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is a potent angiotensin II receptor blocker that decreases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. It is a prodrug that is not detected in blood after its oral administration because of its rapid hydrolysis to the active moiety, azilsartan (AZL). AZL undergoes further metabolism to the major metabolite, M-II, and minor metabolites. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mild to moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of AZL and its major metabolite. This was a single-center, open-label, phase 1 parallel-group study that examined the single-dose (day 1) and multiple-dose (days 4-8) - 40 mg - pharmacokinetics of AZL and M-II in 16 subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment by Child-Pugh classification (n = 8 per group) and subjects (n = 16) matched based on age, sex, race, weight, and smoking status. Mild or moderate hepatic impairment did not cause clinically meaningful increases in exposure to AZL and M-II. Mild...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Report on Ogilvie Syndrome in a Non-Surgical Candidate

Archives of Medical Case Reports

Ogilvie syndrome, also known as “paralytic ileus of the colon,” is characterized by pseudo- obstr... more Ogilvie syndrome, also known as “paralytic ileus of the colon,” is characterized by pseudo- obstruction of the colon without any component of mechanical obstruction; and presents as a massively distended abdomen. If left untreated, it carries a high risk of colonic perforation and ischemia leading to death. Ogilvie syndrome usually presents as a post-surgical complication, mainly due to the lack and/or restriction of movement coupled with a possible electrolyte imbalance. In this case, the patient was a non-surgical candidate who presented with a hip fracture after a mechanical fall. Three days post-fall, she developed nausea, abdominal discomfort, and constipation during her hospitalization, which gradually resulted in a massively distended abdomen. The patient was managed conservatively with a nasogastric tube, rectal tube decompression, Metoclopramide, and Magnesium Citrate administration. Abdominal X-rays showed massively dilated bowel loops. An abdominal CT scan showed diffuse ...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Report of Pulmonary Embolism with Right Ventricular Strain in a Young Female

Archives of Medical Case Reports

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the p... more Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the pulmonary artery or one of the branches of the pulmonary tree, producing signs and symptoms immediately after the obstruction. Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of acute PE that can lead to hemodynamic instability and death. The incidence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. In women, the risk of PE increases with pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. In this case, the patient was in her forties and presented with a sudden episode of continuous dyspnea that worsened over four hours. The dyspnea was associated with palpitations and diaphoresis. The clinical scoring tools had a low pre-test probability for PE. The patient had no risk factors for PE other than being obese. Significant laboratory workup showed troponin of 0.10, D-dimer of 8.10, and a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 1,160. Her computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed ext...

Research paper thumbnail of Single-Center Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Azilsartan Medoxomil in Mild to Moderate Hepatic Impairment

Journal of clinical pharmacology, Jan 27, 2017

Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is a potent angiotensin II receptor blocker that decreases blood pre... more Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) is a potent angiotensin II receptor blocker that decreases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. It is a prodrug that is not detected in blood after its oral administration because of its rapid hydrolysis to the active moiety, azilsartan (AZL). AZL undergoes further metabolism to the major metabolite, M-II, and minor metabolites. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mild to moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of AZL and its major metabolite. This was a single-center, open-label, phase 1 parallel-group study that examined the single-dose (day 1) and multiple-dose (days 4-8) - 40 mg - pharmacokinetics of AZL and M-II in 16 subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment by Child-Pugh classification (n = 8 per group) and subjects (n = 16) matched based on age, sex, race, weight, and smoking status. Mild or moderate hepatic impairment did not cause clinically meaningful increases in exposure to AZL and M-II. Mild...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Report on Ogilvie Syndrome in a Non-Surgical Candidate

Archives of Medical Case Reports

Ogilvie syndrome, also known as “paralytic ileus of the colon,” is characterized by pseudo- obstr... more Ogilvie syndrome, also known as “paralytic ileus of the colon,” is characterized by pseudo- obstruction of the colon without any component of mechanical obstruction; and presents as a massively distended abdomen. If left untreated, it carries a high risk of colonic perforation and ischemia leading to death. Ogilvie syndrome usually presents as a post-surgical complication, mainly due to the lack and/or restriction of movement coupled with a possible electrolyte imbalance. In this case, the patient was a non-surgical candidate who presented with a hip fracture after a mechanical fall. Three days post-fall, she developed nausea, abdominal discomfort, and constipation during her hospitalization, which gradually resulted in a massively distended abdomen. The patient was managed conservatively with a nasogastric tube, rectal tube decompression, Metoclopramide, and Magnesium Citrate administration. Abdominal X-rays showed massively dilated bowel loops. An abdominal CT scan showed diffuse ...

Research paper thumbnail of Case Report of Pulmonary Embolism with Right Ventricular Strain in a Young Female

Archives of Medical Case Reports

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the p... more Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the pulmonary artery or one of the branches of the pulmonary tree, producing signs and symptoms immediately after the obstruction. Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of acute PE that can lead to hemodynamic instability and death. The incidence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. In women, the risk of PE increases with pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. In this case, the patient was in her forties and presented with a sudden episode of continuous dyspnea that worsened over four hours. The dyspnea was associated with palpitations and diaphoresis. The clinical scoring tools had a low pre-test probability for PE. The patient had no risk factors for PE other than being obese. Significant laboratory workup showed troponin of 0.10, D-dimer of 8.10, and a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 1,160. Her computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed ext...