Chon-Lin Lee - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Chon-Lin Lee

Frontiers in Marine Science, May 13, 2022

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations r... more The change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations require enforcement of emission reduction, but it is often shifting economic and societal structures that influence pollutant emissions. This study examines the long-term record of air pollutants in Kaohsiung, where post-war industrialisation increased pollution substantially, although improvements are observed in recent decades as the city moved to a more mixed economy. The study tracks both gases and particles across a period of significant change in pollution sources in the city. Concentrations of SO2 and aerosol SO42− were especially high ~1970, but these gradually declined, although SO42− to a lesser extent than its precursor, SO2. While twenty-first century emissions of SO2 and NOx have declined, this has been less so for NH3, because it arises from predominantly agricultural sources. The atmosphere in Kaohsiung continues to have high concentrations of O3, and these have risen in th...

Occupational and environmental health, 2020

This paper presents a methodology based on multivariate data analysis for characterizing potentia... more This paper presents a methodology based on multivariate data analysis for characterizing potential source contributions of emerging contaminants (ECs) detected in 26 river water samples across multi-scape regions during dry and wet seasons. Based on this methodolo-gy, we unveil an approach toward potential source contributions of ECs, a concept we refer to as the “Pharmaco-signature. ” Exploratory analysis of data points has been carried out by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) and receptor model (principal component analysis-multiple linear regression, PCA-MLR) in an attempt to dem-onstrate significant source contributions of ECs in different land-use zone. Robust cluster solutions grouped the database according to different EC profiles. PCA-MLR identified that 58.9 % of the mean summed ECs were contributed by domestic impact, 9.7 % by antibiotics application, and 31.4 % by drug abuse. Diclofenac, ibuprofen, codeine, ampicillin, tetracy-cline, an...

World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation, 2019

Scientific Reports, 2021

Considered that human activities mostly occur below building heights, the objective of this study... more Considered that human activities mostly occur below building heights, the objective of this study was to investigate the temporal variations of fine particular matter (PM2.5)-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations at four different elevations (6.1, 12.4, 18.4, and 27.1 m) in Kaohsiung City, the largest industrial city of southern Taiwan. Temperature variation was critical for the PM2.5-associated PAH concentrations, which were dominated by benzo[g,h,i]perylene (0.27 ± 0.04 ng m−3 and 24.43% of the total concentration) and other high molecular weight (HMW) species. The PM2.5-associated BaPeq was dominated by 5-ring PAH (36.09%). The PM2.5-associated PAH and BaPeq concentrations at all elevations were significantly increased in winter. In the night, the correlations between the PM2.5-associated PAH concentrations and atmospheric temperatures became negatively stronger, notably at lower elevations (r = − 0.73 ~ − 0.86), w...

Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 2021

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Epidemiological studies have suggested the effects of ambient fine particles (PM 2.5) on asthma, ... more Epidemiological studies have suggested the effects of ambient fine particles (PM 2.5) on asthma, but the effects of specific components of PM 2.5 on asthma remain to be explored. Here, we studied the effect of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on asthma acute exacerbation. The data on daily counts of emergency room visits (ERVs) were obtained from Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, from 2012 to 2015. The daily concentrations of PM 2.5 and pollutant gases were obtained from a local air quality monitoring station. The levels of PM 2.5-bound PAH were estimated by an established grid-scale model. Relative risks for ERVs as the increase in the level of ambient pollutants were calculated by using a generalized additive model of Poisson regression. In the present study, we observed statistically significant positive associations between PM 2.5 and asthma ERVs for all age groups. PM 2.5-bound PAH was also associated with asthma ERVs for all age groups. In the adult subgroup analysis, there was a significant association between PM 2.5-bound PAH and asthma ERVs at lags 1 and 2 (RR 1.289, 95% CI 1.050-1.582 and RR 1.242, 95% CI 1.039-1.485). The impacts of air pollution on the risk of pediatric asthma ERV were found to be significant for PM 2.5 at lag day 0 (RR 1.310, 95% CI 1.069-1.606). Moreover, pediatric asthma ERVs were significantly associated with the levels of PM 2.5-bound PAH at lag 1 and 2 days (RR 1.576, 95% CI 1.371-1.810 and RR 1.426, 95% CI 1.265-1.607). The study provides evidence that PM 2.5-bound PAHs were associated with an increased risk of asthma attacks. Our data further suggested that traffic exhaust is a primary source of PM 2.5-bound PAHs.