Chris Busby - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Chris Busby
The pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in many aspects of health.... more The pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in many aspects of health. Melatonin has been shown to be an important hormone in the regulation of important biological cycles. It has been shown, in human beings, to induce restfulness, and appears to play an important role in reproduction, having an influence on the onset of puberty (Cavallo, 1993; Puig-Domingo, Webb et al., 1992; Waldhauser, Boepple et al., 1991). In addition to its hormone function melatonin is also a far more powerful antioxidant than Vitamins C, E, and K, able to protect biological tissue from the harmful effects of free radicals (Poeggeler, Thuermann et al., 2002). This is because melatonin can penetrate all cells, whereas the other vitamins are capable of only selective penetration. In the human body, melatonin is secreted in a distinctive daily cycle which peaks significantly during the hours of darkness. It is thought that inducing sleep is one of melatonin’s primary roles (Dawson, Enc...
Occasional Paper, 2002
1. Background Green Audit has published two studies on breast cancer mortality in census wards in... more 1. Background Green Audit has published two studies on breast cancer mortality in census wards in the vicinity of Bradwell nuclear power station in Essex. The first was Cancer Mortality and Proximity to Bradwell Nuclear Power Station in Essex, 1995-99; Preliminary results published in ...
The European Committee on Radiation Risk encourages the publication of translations of this repor... more The European Committee on Radiation Risk encourages the publication of translations of this report. Permission for such translations and their publication will normally be given free of charge. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise or republished in any form, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. The ECRR acknowledges support from:
Radioactivity form the Fukushima Catastrophe is now reaching centres of population like Tokyo and... more Radioactivity form the Fukushima Catastrophe is now reaching centres of population like Tokyo and will appear in the USA. Authorities are downplaying the risk on the basis of absorbed dose levels using the dose coefficients of the International Commission on Radiological Protection the ICRP. These dose coefficients and the ICRP radiation risk model is unsafe for this purpose. This is clear from hundreds of research studies of the Chernobyl accident outcomes. It has also been conceded by the editor of the ICRP risk model, Dr Jack Valentin, in a discussion with Chris Busby in Stockholm, Sweden in April 2009. Valentin specifically stated in a videoed interview (available on www.llrc.org and vimeo.com) that the ICRP model could not be used to advise politicians of the health consequences of a nuclear release like the one from Fukushima. Valentin agreed that for certain internal exposures the risk model was insecure by 2 orders of magnitude. The CERRIE committee stated that the range of ...
British Nuclear Test Veterans' Association/ Green Audit Child Health Study 2007 Preliminary Analysis
Cite this article: Busby C. Breast Cancer Mortality in Estuary Wards near Bradwell Nuclear Power ... more Cite this article: Busby C. Breast Cancer Mortality in Estuary Wards near Bradwell Nuclear Power Station, Essex, UK 1995-2001. J J Epidemiol Prevent. 2015, 1(1): 006. low background rate and the age range restriction to a single 5-year group. Additionally, for obvious reasons, nuclear sites are located in low population areas and in the UK anyway, near the sea. Thus for child leukemia, statistical power is limited, and only large scale studies aggregating many nuclear sites and long time periods can hope to provide answers. Such a study has been carried out in Germany and has shown that there is an approximate doubling of risk for child leukemia inside 5km [2]. This study employed the usual method of Introduction
The health outcome of the Fukushima catastrophe Comments on the projects and reports of the Review Committee for the Fukushima Prefecture "Prefectural Peoples Health Management Survey
hleg.de
Research of 8 th Sept 2008 outlines the reasons for scoping and implementing a major research eff... more Research of 8 th Sept 2008 outlines the reasons for scoping and implementing a major research effort into re-examining the current risk models for assessing and interpreting the effects of low doses of ionising radiation. Conceding that there is considerable uncertainty ...
Occasional paper 2003/06; July 2003 Aberystwyth: Green Audit * I measured 4000Bq/kg in Gjakove, W... more Occasional paper 2003/06; July 2003 Aberystwyth: Green Audit * I measured 4000Bq/kg in Gjakove, Western Kosovo, in Jan 2001 in a car park, but these values are averages based on an assumption about the area into which the material has been dispersed.
Green Audit, 2022
This is the first of a series of Green Audit archived documents relating to the nuclear tests vet... more This is the first of a series of Green Audit archived documents relating to the nuclear tests veteran appeals heard at the Royal Courts of Justice in 2016. It is the opening submission by Dr C Busby who represented two of the veterans who died from pancreatic cancer.
High Effects at Low Doses? The Internal/ External Dose problem and Tritium Korea 2015
This is a presentation made to the Korean parliament in 2015 whilst I was engaged as an expert wi... more This is a presentation made to the Korean parliament in 2015 whilst I was engaged as an expert witness in a court case involving thyroid cancer near nuclear power stations
The Second Event Theory: sequential radiogenic error induction within the repair replication period
A great deal of work went into writing this chapter and it was unacceptable to have it rejected a... more A great deal of work went into writing this chapter and it was unacceptable to have it rejected at the last minute. I informed the IntechOpen (Ms Mia Vulovic) that I would publish the chapter independently and draw attention to what happened. It is in this way that research which is hostile to the nuclear military project becomes invisible. This Chapter is an expanded and largely rewritten version of the paper that was accepted and given in Muenster in Germany in 1998 and Published in the Proceedings of that Conference organized by the German Society for Radioprotection. The proceedings are now out of print. All of the Figures from the Conference Proceedings are reproduced here. It was peer-reviewed for the conference proceedings.
The question of whether there has been an increase in leukaemia/lymphoma or other cancers in occu... more The question of whether there has been an increase in leukaemia/lymphoma or other cancers in occupants of or peacekeepers deployed in the Balkans has been a source of argument of a similar order and type as the question of increases in leukaemia/lymphoma and birth defects in Iraq. In the case of the Balkans, there is very little hard evidence (e.g. cancer registry data) which is available for independent scrutiny, and indeed some of the problems associated with the kinds of population movements that follow a major conflict would make such analyses very difficult. There has been a leak of a table of cancer incidence in Sarajevo from the cancer registry there which suggests a more than 10-fold increase in leukaemia and lymphoma (Table 1 below) even allowing for a doubling in the base population. This information was given to the Royal Society as evidence last year but was not included in their report or followed up by them.
Since a wise man may be wrong, or a hundred men, or several nations and since even human nature, ... more Since a wise man may be wrong, or a hundred men, or several nations and since even human nature, as we think, goes wrong for several centuries on this matter or that, how can we be certain that it occasionally stops going wrong and that in this century it is not mistaken Montaigne (1533-92): The Essays.
The Hiroshima A-Bomb Black Rain and the Lifespan Study; A Resolution of the Enigma
Cancer Investigation, 2021
Abstract The Japanese Lifespan Study (LSS) of the A-Bomb survivors is the principal basis of the ... more Abstract The Japanese Lifespan Study (LSS) of the A-Bomb survivors is the principal basis of the current legal radiological framework. Evidence provided for the first time here shows that internal exposure to radiologically significant quantities of Uranium-234 contained in sub-micron particle rainout from the un-fissioned weapon warhead, the Black Rain, is a missing exposure in the LSS analysis. It is argued that this is responsible for a background excess cancer risk in all the LSS dose groups. This, together with epidemiological evidence based on unexposed controls falsifies the LSS cancer vs. dose regression coefficients for internal exposure.
Pediatric Dimensions, 2017
Between 2000 and 2006 the European Union funded a pan-European group of epidemiologists, toxicolo... more Between 2000 and 2006 the European Union funded a pan-European group of epidemiologists, toxicologists and paediatricians, the Policy Information Network on Child Health and Environment (PINCHE) . The purpose of the network was to examine all the literature on environmental contamination agents to provide evidencebased recommendations to the European Commission on how best to regulate exposures that had been shown or suspected to affect childrens' health. The need for this was apparent from the increasing incidence of a number of illnesses in children and young people like childhood cancer, leukemia, asthma and a range of other increasingly prevalent conditions. Additionally, one purpose was to recommend ways in which the Commission could set up agencies or committees to develop ways in which causal linkages between exposure and illnesses might obtain unbiased information. This workgroup was the Science-Policy interface, and I was the leader of this group. PINCHE reported in 2006 and its recommendations were published in the literature are available on the web.
High Cancer Risk in US Naval Personnel Serving in Nuclear Powered Ships
Cancer Investigation, 2020
The USA Defense Threat Reduction Agency provided data in 2014 on the health status, including can... more The USA Defense Threat Reduction Agency provided data in 2014 on the health status, including cancer, of the 4,843 sailors on the nuclear-powered United States Ship (USS) Ronald Reagan over the 2.55-year period from May 12, 2011 to Dec 31, 2013. Also provided were data on a matched control group of 65,269 US Navy personnel. Examination of the control population relative to the US national data gives a relative risk for all malignancies of RR = 9.2 (95% CI 8.48 < 9.2 < 9.96). The result suggests a significant cancer risk associated with serving on a nuclear-powered ship, one which is not predicted by the science underlying current radiation protection legislation.
Pediatric Dimensions, 2017
An association between increased rates of childhood leukemia and proximity to high voltage electr... more An association between increased rates of childhood leukemia and proximity to high voltage electricity power transmission lines was found in a 2005 study by Draper et al. More recently, this study was extended to include a further period of time and with an enlarged dataset by Bunch et al 2014, the result being that there was no longer any overall statistically significant effect for the whole period. Using the data from these two studies the trend in Relative Risk with fallout dose is examined for five sub-
The pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in many aspects of health.... more The pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in many aspects of health. Melatonin has been shown to be an important hormone in the regulation of important biological cycles. It has been shown, in human beings, to induce restfulness, and appears to play an important role in reproduction, having an influence on the onset of puberty (Cavallo, 1993; Puig-Domingo, Webb et al., 1992; Waldhauser, Boepple et al., 1991). In addition to its hormone function melatonin is also a far more powerful antioxidant than Vitamins C, E, and K, able to protect biological tissue from the harmful effects of free radicals (Poeggeler, Thuermann et al., 2002). This is because melatonin can penetrate all cells, whereas the other vitamins are capable of only selective penetration. In the human body, melatonin is secreted in a distinctive daily cycle which peaks significantly during the hours of darkness. It is thought that inducing sleep is one of melatonin’s primary roles (Dawson, Enc...
Occasional Paper, 2002
1. Background Green Audit has published two studies on breast cancer mortality in census wards in... more 1. Background Green Audit has published two studies on breast cancer mortality in census wards in the vicinity of Bradwell nuclear power station in Essex. The first was Cancer Mortality and Proximity to Bradwell Nuclear Power Station in Essex, 1995-99; Preliminary results published in ...
The European Committee on Radiation Risk encourages the publication of translations of this repor... more The European Committee on Radiation Risk encourages the publication of translations of this report. Permission for such translations and their publication will normally be given free of charge. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise or republished in any form, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. The ECRR acknowledges support from:
Radioactivity form the Fukushima Catastrophe is now reaching centres of population like Tokyo and... more Radioactivity form the Fukushima Catastrophe is now reaching centres of population like Tokyo and will appear in the USA. Authorities are downplaying the risk on the basis of absorbed dose levels using the dose coefficients of the International Commission on Radiological Protection the ICRP. These dose coefficients and the ICRP radiation risk model is unsafe for this purpose. This is clear from hundreds of research studies of the Chernobyl accident outcomes. It has also been conceded by the editor of the ICRP risk model, Dr Jack Valentin, in a discussion with Chris Busby in Stockholm, Sweden in April 2009. Valentin specifically stated in a videoed interview (available on www.llrc.org and vimeo.com) that the ICRP model could not be used to advise politicians of the health consequences of a nuclear release like the one from Fukushima. Valentin agreed that for certain internal exposures the risk model was insecure by 2 orders of magnitude. The CERRIE committee stated that the range of ...
British Nuclear Test Veterans' Association/ Green Audit Child Health Study 2007 Preliminary Analysis
Cite this article: Busby C. Breast Cancer Mortality in Estuary Wards near Bradwell Nuclear Power ... more Cite this article: Busby C. Breast Cancer Mortality in Estuary Wards near Bradwell Nuclear Power Station, Essex, UK 1995-2001. J J Epidemiol Prevent. 2015, 1(1): 006. low background rate and the age range restriction to a single 5-year group. Additionally, for obvious reasons, nuclear sites are located in low population areas and in the UK anyway, near the sea. Thus for child leukemia, statistical power is limited, and only large scale studies aggregating many nuclear sites and long time periods can hope to provide answers. Such a study has been carried out in Germany and has shown that there is an approximate doubling of risk for child leukemia inside 5km [2]. This study employed the usual method of Introduction
The health outcome of the Fukushima catastrophe Comments on the projects and reports of the Review Committee for the Fukushima Prefecture "Prefectural Peoples Health Management Survey
hleg.de
Research of 8 th Sept 2008 outlines the reasons for scoping and implementing a major research eff... more Research of 8 th Sept 2008 outlines the reasons for scoping and implementing a major research effort into re-examining the current risk models for assessing and interpreting the effects of low doses of ionising radiation. Conceding that there is considerable uncertainty ...
Occasional paper 2003/06; July 2003 Aberystwyth: Green Audit * I measured 4000Bq/kg in Gjakove, W... more Occasional paper 2003/06; July 2003 Aberystwyth: Green Audit * I measured 4000Bq/kg in Gjakove, Western Kosovo, in Jan 2001 in a car park, but these values are averages based on an assumption about the area into which the material has been dispersed.
Green Audit, 2022
This is the first of a series of Green Audit archived documents relating to the nuclear tests vet... more This is the first of a series of Green Audit archived documents relating to the nuclear tests veteran appeals heard at the Royal Courts of Justice in 2016. It is the opening submission by Dr C Busby who represented two of the veterans who died from pancreatic cancer.
High Effects at Low Doses? The Internal/ External Dose problem and Tritium Korea 2015
This is a presentation made to the Korean parliament in 2015 whilst I was engaged as an expert wi... more This is a presentation made to the Korean parliament in 2015 whilst I was engaged as an expert witness in a court case involving thyroid cancer near nuclear power stations
The Second Event Theory: sequential radiogenic error induction within the repair replication period
A great deal of work went into writing this chapter and it was unacceptable to have it rejected a... more A great deal of work went into writing this chapter and it was unacceptable to have it rejected at the last minute. I informed the IntechOpen (Ms Mia Vulovic) that I would publish the chapter independently and draw attention to what happened. It is in this way that research which is hostile to the nuclear military project becomes invisible. This Chapter is an expanded and largely rewritten version of the paper that was accepted and given in Muenster in Germany in 1998 and Published in the Proceedings of that Conference organized by the German Society for Radioprotection. The proceedings are now out of print. All of the Figures from the Conference Proceedings are reproduced here. It was peer-reviewed for the conference proceedings.
The question of whether there has been an increase in leukaemia/lymphoma or other cancers in occu... more The question of whether there has been an increase in leukaemia/lymphoma or other cancers in occupants of or peacekeepers deployed in the Balkans has been a source of argument of a similar order and type as the question of increases in leukaemia/lymphoma and birth defects in Iraq. In the case of the Balkans, there is very little hard evidence (e.g. cancer registry data) which is available for independent scrutiny, and indeed some of the problems associated with the kinds of population movements that follow a major conflict would make such analyses very difficult. There has been a leak of a table of cancer incidence in Sarajevo from the cancer registry there which suggests a more than 10-fold increase in leukaemia and lymphoma (Table 1 below) even allowing for a doubling in the base population. This information was given to the Royal Society as evidence last year but was not included in their report or followed up by them.
Since a wise man may be wrong, or a hundred men, or several nations and since even human nature, ... more Since a wise man may be wrong, or a hundred men, or several nations and since even human nature, as we think, goes wrong for several centuries on this matter or that, how can we be certain that it occasionally stops going wrong and that in this century it is not mistaken Montaigne (1533-92): The Essays.
The Hiroshima A-Bomb Black Rain and the Lifespan Study; A Resolution of the Enigma
Cancer Investigation, 2021
Abstract The Japanese Lifespan Study (LSS) of the A-Bomb survivors is the principal basis of the ... more Abstract The Japanese Lifespan Study (LSS) of the A-Bomb survivors is the principal basis of the current legal radiological framework. Evidence provided for the first time here shows that internal exposure to radiologically significant quantities of Uranium-234 contained in sub-micron particle rainout from the un-fissioned weapon warhead, the Black Rain, is a missing exposure in the LSS analysis. It is argued that this is responsible for a background excess cancer risk in all the LSS dose groups. This, together with epidemiological evidence based on unexposed controls falsifies the LSS cancer vs. dose regression coefficients for internal exposure.
Pediatric Dimensions, 2017
Between 2000 and 2006 the European Union funded a pan-European group of epidemiologists, toxicolo... more Between 2000 and 2006 the European Union funded a pan-European group of epidemiologists, toxicologists and paediatricians, the Policy Information Network on Child Health and Environment (PINCHE) . The purpose of the network was to examine all the literature on environmental contamination agents to provide evidencebased recommendations to the European Commission on how best to regulate exposures that had been shown or suspected to affect childrens' health. The need for this was apparent from the increasing incidence of a number of illnesses in children and young people like childhood cancer, leukemia, asthma and a range of other increasingly prevalent conditions. Additionally, one purpose was to recommend ways in which the Commission could set up agencies or committees to develop ways in which causal linkages between exposure and illnesses might obtain unbiased information. This workgroup was the Science-Policy interface, and I was the leader of this group. PINCHE reported in 2006 and its recommendations were published in the literature are available on the web.
High Cancer Risk in US Naval Personnel Serving in Nuclear Powered Ships
Cancer Investigation, 2020
The USA Defense Threat Reduction Agency provided data in 2014 on the health status, including can... more The USA Defense Threat Reduction Agency provided data in 2014 on the health status, including cancer, of the 4,843 sailors on the nuclear-powered United States Ship (USS) Ronald Reagan over the 2.55-year period from May 12, 2011 to Dec 31, 2013. Also provided were data on a matched control group of 65,269 US Navy personnel. Examination of the control population relative to the US national data gives a relative risk for all malignancies of RR = 9.2 (95% CI 8.48 < 9.2 < 9.96). The result suggests a significant cancer risk associated with serving on a nuclear-powered ship, one which is not predicted by the science underlying current radiation protection legislation.
Pediatric Dimensions, 2017
An association between increased rates of childhood leukemia and proximity to high voltage electr... more An association between increased rates of childhood leukemia and proximity to high voltage electricity power transmission lines was found in a 2005 study by Draper et al. More recently, this study was extended to include a further period of time and with an enlarged dataset by Bunch et al 2014, the result being that there was no longer any overall statistically significant effect for the whole period. Using the data from these two studies the trend in Relative Risk with fallout dose is examined for five sub-
Conflict and Health, 2023
Data covering the period November 2017 to November 2022 was obtained from the Atomic Weapons Esta... more Data covering the period November 2017 to November 2022 was obtained from the Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston to find if there was an increase in Uranium associated with the Ukraine war. Results from 9 High Volume Air Samplers deployed onsite and offsite by AWE showed that there were significantly increased levels of Uranium in all 9 HVAS samplers beginning in February 2022 when the war began. The result has significant public health implications for the UK and Europe.
Employing data supplied by the Oxford-based UK Childhood Cancer Research Group in 2003 it is show... more Employing data supplied by the Oxford-based UK Childhood Cancer Research Group in 2003 it is shown that after the Chernobyl accident, childhood leukemia by single age and year of birth in the 0-4y cohort increased significantly in Wales and Scotland combined in the period 1986-1990 compared with controls born 1970-1985 and 1991-1994. Relative risk RR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.20<RR<1.65; p = 0.00004. These exposure periods were chosen because whole body Caesium-137 monitoring had demonstrated that internal exposures persisted for more than 4 years. The dose-response exhibits saturation and reversal, interpreted as biological censoring effects in the developing individual. [99words]