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Papers by Christian Schliemann
Utrecht journal of international and European law, 2018
The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and ferti... more The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and fertilisers promise to farmers worldwide an increase in yields and a decrease in labour input. The expansion of the pesticides industry results in tremendous costs to others-in the form of chronic illness, acute injuries, and environmental degradation. Such costs are borne disproportionately by farm and plantation workers in the Global South due to a perilous combination of weak regulation, lack of training and access to information, and meager resources for protective equipment. Agrochemical companies continue to claim that their products are safe when used correctly by farmers and regulated effectively by the state. Advocates have attempted to use litigation as a recourse for challenging the agrochemical industry. Civil litigation against pesticides manufacturers can directly address the injuries suffered from pesticide poisoning, but such lawsuits face a number of challenges and all too often leave workers and farmers without access to an effective remedy. This article explores the potential of complementary litigation which challenges the harmful sales practices of pesticide companies, as well as the precautionary principle, as an alternative to protect pesticide users against hazards.
Business and human rights journal, Jun 25, 2019
This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiativ... more This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiatives in Argentina, India, Peru, the United States and at the European Union (EU) level that draw attention to human rights aspects of industrial agriculture and the due diligence expected of agribusinesses to avoid harmful impacts. In particular, the authors analyse past and ongoing litigation and legal liability arguments in a variety of forumsranging from transnational tort claims to domestic administrative proceedings, public interest litigation and advocacy campaigns. In addition to legal aspects of these accountability efforts, such as the precautionary principle and the challenge of proving causation, the pieces also address strategic aspects, such as the organization of claimants, procedural hurdles to gain access to justice and relevant choices made in building cases. As the problems of agribusiness and challenges to accountability are highly similar across the world, the pieces in this special DiF issue should provide valuable lessons for movements, activists and lawyers everywhere.
The law and practice of international courts and tribunals, 2013
The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has bee... more The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has been forged by the judicial development of legal rules and, in parallel, the modification of normative sources, such as the ICSID Arbitration Rules. Current and future decisions by arbitral tribunals on the participation of amicus curiae in a given dispute must abide by this consolidated standard. In June 2012, the arbitral tribunal in Joint ICSID Cases No. ARB/10/15 and No. ARB/10/25 released a procedural order, rejecting an amicus petition. This Order contains various deviations from the applicable legal standard and severely restricts the options for amicus participation. The recent attempt to strengthen the legitimacy of international investment arbitration by allowing for greater amicus participation and the acknowledgement of the interdependence of investment law and other areas of international law is thereby put in peril.
Verfassung und Recht in Übersee, 2009
Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 2018
The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and ferti... more The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and fertilisers promise to farmers worldwide an increase in yields and a decrease in labour input. The expansion of the pesticides industry results in tremendous costs to others-in the form of chronic illness, acute injuries, and environmental degradation. Such costs are borne disproportionately by farm and plantation workers in the Global South due to a perilous combination of weak regulation, lack of training and access to information, and meager resources for protective equipment. Agrochemical companies continue to claim that their products are safe when used correctly by farmers and regulated effectively by the state. Advocates have attempted to use litigation as a recourse for challenging the agrochemical industry. Civil litigation against pesticides manufacturers can directly address the injuries suffered from pesticide poisoning, but such lawsuits face a number of challenges and all too often leave workers and farmers without access to an effective remedy. This article explores the potential of complementary litigation which challenges the harmful sales practices of pesticide companies, as well as the precautionary principle, as an alternative to protect pesticide users against hazards.
Verfassung in Recht und Übersee, 2009
The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 2013
The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has bee... more The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has been forged by the judicial development of legal rules and, in parallel, the modification of normative sources, such as the ICSID Arbitration Rules. Current and future decisions by arbitral tribunals on the participation of amicus curiae in a given dispute must abide by this consolidated standard. In June 2012, the arbitral tribunal in Joint ICSID Cases No. ARB/10/15 and No. ARB/10/25 released a procedural order, rejecting an amicus petition. This Order contains various deviations from the applicable legal standard and severely restricts the options for amicus participation. The recent attempt to strengthen the legitimacy of international investment arbitration by allowing for greater amicus participation and the acknowledgement of the interdependence of investment law and other areas of international law is thereby put in peril.
Revista Latinoamericana De Derechos Humanos, Jun 30, 2012
la autonomía dE los puEBlos indíGEnas dE costa rica una contrastación dEl Estándar intErnacional ... more la autonomía dE los puEBlos indíGEnas dE costa rica una contrastación dEl Estándar intErnacional con la lEGislación nacional y su implEmEntación christian schliemann * Resumen El artículo muestra qué obligaciones incumben al Estado de Costa Rica frente a los pueblos indígenas del país, en virtud de normas internacionales como el Convenio 169 de la OIT, el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Este estándar internacional se comparará con la legislación actual de Costa Rica con respecto a los pueblos indígenas y su implementacion. El artículo se enfoca en el derecho a las tierras y recursos naturales, la autoorganización, el desarrollo propio, el mantenimiento del derecho propio, así como en la educación. El resultado de esta comparación muestra que algunos problemas graves persisten en el país aunque las decisiones de la Corte Suprema de Justicia respetan en gran parte las obligaciones internacionales. Los problemas surgen, por un lado, de la insuficencia de las leyes y, por otro lado, de la no-implentación de las provisiones. La situación legislativa puede ser mejorada y acordada al estándar internacional adoptando el proyecto de ley de autonomía, que parece como mejor expresión de las intenciones de los pueblos indígenas del país, gracias a las amplias consultas efectuadas antes de redactarlo. Aún más importante es un cambio dentro de las instituciones políticas y administrativas que gozan de competencias en lo que concierne a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas.
Business and Human Rights Journal, 2019
This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiativ... more This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiatives in Argentina, India, Peru, the United States and at the European Union (EU) level that draw attention to human rights aspects of industrial agriculture and the due diligence expected of agribusinesses to avoid harmful impacts. In particular, the authors analyse past and ongoing litigation and legal liability arguments in a variety of forumsranging from transnational tort claims to domestic administrative proceedings, public interest litigation and advocacy campaigns. In addition to legal aspects of these accountability efforts, such as the precautionary principle and the challenge of proving causation, the pieces also address strategic aspects, such as the organization of claimants, procedural hurdles to gain access to justice and relevant choices made in building cases. As the problems of agribusiness and challenges to accountability are highly similar across the world, the pieces in this special DiF issue should provide valuable lessons for movements, activists and lawyers everywhere.
German Law Journal
Since the 1990s it is possible to witness, in the multiplication of inter- and transnational acto... more Since the 1990s it is possible to witness, in the multiplication of inter- and transnational actors, an increasing diversity in international norm-making processes as well as a growing variation in enforcing these norms, generically labeled under the term “global governance.” The actions of these private, hybrid or intergovernmental actors on the global level are increasingly seen as equivalent to the exercise of political authority formerly reserved for the state. As in the domestic context, the exercise of such authority raises questions about the procedural guarantees that anyone affected by this action should enjoy. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has evaded intensive scholarly attention from the global governance perspective thus far, although by now it is evident that it strongly contributes to this phenomenon through its various activities. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (Guidelines) are but one area in which the OECD is sai...
Utrecht journal of international and European law, 2018
The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and ferti... more The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and fertilisers promise to farmers worldwide an increase in yields and a decrease in labour input. The expansion of the pesticides industry results in tremendous costs to others-in the form of chronic illness, acute injuries, and environmental degradation. Such costs are borne disproportionately by farm and plantation workers in the Global South due to a perilous combination of weak regulation, lack of training and access to information, and meager resources for protective equipment. Agrochemical companies continue to claim that their products are safe when used correctly by farmers and regulated effectively by the state. Advocates have attempted to use litigation as a recourse for challenging the agrochemical industry. Civil litigation against pesticides manufacturers can directly address the injuries suffered from pesticide poisoning, but such lawsuits face a number of challenges and all too often leave workers and farmers without access to an effective remedy. This article explores the potential of complementary litigation which challenges the harmful sales practices of pesticide companies, as well as the precautionary principle, as an alternative to protect pesticide users against hazards.
Business and human rights journal, Jun 25, 2019
This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiativ... more This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiatives in Argentina, India, Peru, the United States and at the European Union (EU) level that draw attention to human rights aspects of industrial agriculture and the due diligence expected of agribusinesses to avoid harmful impacts. In particular, the authors analyse past and ongoing litigation and legal liability arguments in a variety of forumsranging from transnational tort claims to domestic administrative proceedings, public interest litigation and advocacy campaigns. In addition to legal aspects of these accountability efforts, such as the precautionary principle and the challenge of proving causation, the pieces also address strategic aspects, such as the organization of claimants, procedural hurdles to gain access to justice and relevant choices made in building cases. As the problems of agribusiness and challenges to accountability are highly similar across the world, the pieces in this special DiF issue should provide valuable lessons for movements, activists and lawyers everywhere.
The law and practice of international courts and tribunals, 2013
The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has bee... more The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has been forged by the judicial development of legal rules and, in parallel, the modification of normative sources, such as the ICSID Arbitration Rules. Current and future decisions by arbitral tribunals on the participation of amicus curiae in a given dispute must abide by this consolidated standard. In June 2012, the arbitral tribunal in Joint ICSID Cases No. ARB/10/15 and No. ARB/10/25 released a procedural order, rejecting an amicus petition. This Order contains various deviations from the applicable legal standard and severely restricts the options for amicus participation. The recent attempt to strengthen the legitimacy of international investment arbitration by allowing for greater amicus participation and the acknowledgement of the interdependence of investment law and other areas of international law is thereby put in peril.
Verfassung und Recht in Übersee, 2009
Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 2018
The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and ferti... more The past decades have seen enormous growth in the agrochemical industry. Its pesticides and fertilisers promise to farmers worldwide an increase in yields and a decrease in labour input. The expansion of the pesticides industry results in tremendous costs to others-in the form of chronic illness, acute injuries, and environmental degradation. Such costs are borne disproportionately by farm and plantation workers in the Global South due to a perilous combination of weak regulation, lack of training and access to information, and meager resources for protective equipment. Agrochemical companies continue to claim that their products are safe when used correctly by farmers and regulated effectively by the state. Advocates have attempted to use litigation as a recourse for challenging the agrochemical industry. Civil litigation against pesticides manufacturers can directly address the injuries suffered from pesticide poisoning, but such lawsuits face a number of challenges and all too often leave workers and farmers without access to an effective remedy. This article explores the potential of complementary litigation which challenges the harmful sales practices of pesticide companies, as well as the precautionary principle, as an alternative to protect pesticide users against hazards.
Verfassung in Recht und Übersee, 2009
The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 2013
The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has bee... more The legal standard on amicus curiae participation in international investment arbitration has been forged by the judicial development of legal rules and, in parallel, the modification of normative sources, such as the ICSID Arbitration Rules. Current and future decisions by arbitral tribunals on the participation of amicus curiae in a given dispute must abide by this consolidated standard. In June 2012, the arbitral tribunal in Joint ICSID Cases No. ARB/10/15 and No. ARB/10/25 released a procedural order, rejecting an amicus petition. This Order contains various deviations from the applicable legal standard and severely restricts the options for amicus participation. The recent attempt to strengthen the legitimacy of international investment arbitration by allowing for greater amicus participation and the acknowledgement of the interdependence of investment law and other areas of international law is thereby put in peril.
Revista Latinoamericana De Derechos Humanos, Jun 30, 2012
la autonomía dE los puEBlos indíGEnas dE costa rica una contrastación dEl Estándar intErnacional ... more la autonomía dE los puEBlos indíGEnas dE costa rica una contrastación dEl Estándar intErnacional con la lEGislación nacional y su implEmEntación christian schliemann * Resumen El artículo muestra qué obligaciones incumben al Estado de Costa Rica frente a los pueblos indígenas del país, en virtud de normas internacionales como el Convenio 169 de la OIT, el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Este estándar internacional se comparará con la legislación actual de Costa Rica con respecto a los pueblos indígenas y su implementacion. El artículo se enfoca en el derecho a las tierras y recursos naturales, la autoorganización, el desarrollo propio, el mantenimiento del derecho propio, así como en la educación. El resultado de esta comparación muestra que algunos problemas graves persisten en el país aunque las decisiones de la Corte Suprema de Justicia respetan en gran parte las obligaciones internacionales. Los problemas surgen, por un lado, de la insuficencia de las leyes y, por otro lado, de la no-implentación de las provisiones. La situación legislativa puede ser mejorada y acordada al estándar internacional adoptando el proyecto de ley de autonomía, que parece como mejor expresión de las intenciones de los pueblos indígenas del país, gracias a las amplias consultas efectuadas antes de redactarlo. Aún más importante es un cambio dentro de las instituciones políticas y administrativas que gozan de competencias en lo que concierne a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas.
Business and Human Rights Journal, 2019
This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiativ... more This special thematic 'Developments in the Field' (DiF) section explores accountability initiatives in Argentina, India, Peru, the United States and at the European Union (EU) level that draw attention to human rights aspects of industrial agriculture and the due diligence expected of agribusinesses to avoid harmful impacts. In particular, the authors analyse past and ongoing litigation and legal liability arguments in a variety of forumsranging from transnational tort claims to domestic administrative proceedings, public interest litigation and advocacy campaigns. In addition to legal aspects of these accountability efforts, such as the precautionary principle and the challenge of proving causation, the pieces also address strategic aspects, such as the organization of claimants, procedural hurdles to gain access to justice and relevant choices made in building cases. As the problems of agribusiness and challenges to accountability are highly similar across the world, the pieces in this special DiF issue should provide valuable lessons for movements, activists and lawyers everywhere.
German Law Journal
Since the 1990s it is possible to witness, in the multiplication of inter- and transnational acto... more Since the 1990s it is possible to witness, in the multiplication of inter- and transnational actors, an increasing diversity in international norm-making processes as well as a growing variation in enforcing these norms, generically labeled under the term “global governance.” The actions of these private, hybrid or intergovernmental actors on the global level are increasingly seen as equivalent to the exercise of political authority formerly reserved for the state. As in the domestic context, the exercise of such authority raises questions about the procedural guarantees that anyone affected by this action should enjoy. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has evaded intensive scholarly attention from the global governance perspective thus far, although by now it is evident that it strongly contributes to this phenomenon through its various activities. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (Guidelines) are but one area in which the OECD is sai...