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Papers by Christine Fourichon

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology and levers for control of some major diseases in dairy herds

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance de l’émergence de maladies dans les troupeaux bovins laitiers : développement d’indicateurs de troubles de la reproduction

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 31, 2012

ABSTRACT Syndromic surveillance is based on the routine collection of data which can provide earl... more ABSTRACT Syndromic surveillance is based on the routine collection of data which can provide early indicators of health disorders in case of epidemic in human or animal populations. Our work was designed to evaluate the interest for syndromic surveillance in dairy cattle of artificial insemination dates and calving dates recorded in France. More precisely, four indicators of reproductive disorders based on these dates were evaluated. These four indicators of excess in precocity and amplitude of reproductive disorders were compared during the Bluetongue epidemic in the North of France. Three indicators were found to reveal an excess of reproductive disorders; One of them was synchronized with the first veterinary notifications and two of them with later notifications, whereas the fourth failed to reveal an excess. Our study shows that the dates of artificial insemination and calving can be used for syndromic surveillance of diseases affecting reproduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Using bovine meat inspection data for syndromic surveillance: innovative statistical approach for defining syndromes

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 20, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Use of milk production and reproduction data for the surveillance of vector borne emerging diseases in dairy cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 4, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of the ABCC4, IER3, and CBFA2T2 candidate genes for resistance to paratuberculosis from sequence-based GWAS in Holstein and Normande dairy cattle

Genetics Selection Evolution, Mar 17, 2020

Background: Bovine paratuberculosis is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp.... more Background: Bovine paratuberculosis is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), with adverse effects on animal welfare and serious economic consequences. Published results on host genetic resistance to MAP are inconsistent, mainly because of difficulties in characterizing the infection status of cows. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to MAP in Holstein and Normande cows with an accurately defined status for MAP. Results: From MAP-infected herds, cows without clinical signs of disease were subjected to at least four repeated serum ELISA and fecal PCR tests over time to determine both infected and non-infected statuses. Clinical cases were confirmed using PCR. Only cows that had concordant results for all tests were included in further analyses. Positive and control cows were matched within herd according to their birth date to ensure a same level of exposure to MAP. Cows with accurate phenotypes, i.e. unaffected (control) or affected (clinical or non-clinical cases), were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. Genotypes were imputed to whole-genome sequences using the 1000 Bull Genomes reference population (run6). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MAP status of 1644 Holstein and 649 Normande cows, using either two (controls versus cases) or three classes of phenotype (controls, non-clinical and clinical cases), revealed three regions, on Bos taurus (BTA) chromosomes 12, 13, and 23, presenting significant effects in Holstein cows, while only one of those was identified in Normande cows (BTA23). The most significant effect was found on BTA13, in a short 8.5-kb region. Conditional analyses revealed that only one causal variant may be responsible for the effects observed on each chromosome with the ABCC4 (BTA12), CBFA2T2 (BTA13), and IER3 (BTA23) genes as good functional candidates. Conclusions: A sequence-based GWAS on cows for which resistance to MAP was accurately defined, was able to identify candidate variants located in genes that were functionally related to resistance to MAP; these explained up to 28% of the genetic variance of the trait. These results are very encouraging for efforts towards implementation of a breeding strategy aimed at improving resistance to paratuberculosis in Holstein cows.

Research paper thumbnail of Health surveillance in organic dairy farms: comparing indicators of farmers to those of scientists

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of French private veterinary practitioners on their role in organic dairy farms

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 29, 2016

Veterinarians could be the expected sparring partners of organic dairy farmers in promoting anima... more Veterinarians could be the expected sparring partners of organic dairy farmers in promoting animal health which is one of the main organic principles. However, in the past organic dairy farmers did not always consider veterinarians to be pertinent advisors for them. The objectives of this study are - from private veterinary practitioners' point of views- i) to describe the roles of veterinarians today in organic dairy farmers' animal health promotion strategies, ii) to identify factors related to organic farming which determine their role on organic dairy farms, and, iii) to identify opportunities for improvement of veterinarians' advisory services for organic dairy herds. Fourteen veterinarians, providing herd health advisory services to dairy farmers, were interviewed using qualitative semi-structured research interviews. A modified approach to Grounded Theory was used for data collection and analysis. Most often veterinarians had only contact with the organic dairy farmers in cases of individual ill animals or acute herd health problems. Even though certain veterinarians experienced situations and approaches of animal health and welfare on organic dairy farms not meeting their standards, they were not always able to establish themselves an advisory role supporting farmers in improving this. Indeed, organic production principles, regulations and farmers' health approaches challenged veterinarians' values on animal health and welfare and their perceptions of 'good veterinary practices'. Also, some veterinarians considered that there was no direct economic interest for them in the organic dairy sector and that could diminish their willingness to invest in this sector. Possible opportunities for improvement were identified; for example proposing more proactively advice via existing organisations, by making adaptations to advisory services for the organic sector and/or by dissociating veterinarians' curative role from their advisory role in disease prevention.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation d'indicateurs issus des données de reproduction et de production laitière pour la surveillance syndromique chez les bovins laitiers

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 15, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Biosécurité en élevage bovin et porcin : des pratiques hétérogènes, une palette de freins et motivations à intégrer au conseil

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance of disease emergence in dairy cattle using reproduction data

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 28, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Prevention of Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows in infected herds using an inactivated monovalent phase I C. burnetii vaccine

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 24, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Sequence-based association study of resistance to paratuberculosis in Holstein and Normande cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 27, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Features of Mycobacterium avium subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> Strains Circulating in the West of France Deciphered by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Microbiology spectrum, Dec 21, 2022

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants, which is pre... more Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants, which is present worldwide and has significant negative impacts on the dairy cattle industry and animal welfare. Prevention and control of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection are hampered by knowledge gaps in strain virulence, genotype distribution, and transmission dynamics.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of monthly collected milk yields for the early detection of vector-borne emerging diseases

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 26, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of GWAS of resistance to paratuberculosis in French Holstein and Normande cattle breeds

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 29, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of New insights into resistance to paratuberculosis from sequence-based GWAS in Holstein cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Herd-level animal management factors associated with the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in a multi-country study

PLOS ONE, Jul 5, 2017

Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been obser... more Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been observed in young calves in several European countries. The syndrome, which has been named 'bovine neonatal pancytopenia' (BNP), is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and a panmyelophthisis. A herd-level case-control study was conducted in four BNP affected countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) to identify herd management risk factors for BNP occurrence. Data were collected using structured face-to-face and telephone interviews of farm managers and their local veterinarians. In total, 363 case farms and 887 control farms were included in a matched multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Case-control status was strongly associated with the odds of herd level use of the vaccine PregSure® BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) (matched adjusted odds ratio (OR) 107.2; 95% CI: 41.0-280.1). This was also the case for the practices of feeding calves colostrum from the calf's own dam (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4) or feeding pooled colostrum (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9-8.8). Given that the study had relatively high statistical power and represented a variety of cattle production and husbandry systems, it can be concluded with some confidence that no other herd level management factors are

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of combined environmental and pooled animals sampling to determine dairy cattle herd infection status for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 5, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Shedding patterns over time of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 5, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation de l’efficacité épidémiologique et économique de stratégies de maîtrise en troupeau infecté par Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology and levers for control of some major diseases in dairy herds

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance de l’émergence de maladies dans les troupeaux bovins laitiers : développement d’indicateurs de troubles de la reproduction

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 31, 2012

ABSTRACT Syndromic surveillance is based on the routine collection of data which can provide earl... more ABSTRACT Syndromic surveillance is based on the routine collection of data which can provide early indicators of health disorders in case of epidemic in human or animal populations. Our work was designed to evaluate the interest for syndromic surveillance in dairy cattle of artificial insemination dates and calving dates recorded in France. More precisely, four indicators of reproductive disorders based on these dates were evaluated. These four indicators of excess in precocity and amplitude of reproductive disorders were compared during the Bluetongue epidemic in the North of France. Three indicators were found to reveal an excess of reproductive disorders; One of them was synchronized with the first veterinary notifications and two of them with later notifications, whereas the fourth failed to reveal an excess. Our study shows that the dates of artificial insemination and calving can be used for syndromic surveillance of diseases affecting reproduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Using bovine meat inspection data for syndromic surveillance: innovative statistical approach for defining syndromes

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 20, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Use of milk production and reproduction data for the surveillance of vector borne emerging diseases in dairy cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 4, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of the ABCC4, IER3, and CBFA2T2 candidate genes for resistance to paratuberculosis from sequence-based GWAS in Holstein and Normande dairy cattle

Genetics Selection Evolution, Mar 17, 2020

Background: Bovine paratuberculosis is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp.... more Background: Bovine paratuberculosis is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), with adverse effects on animal welfare and serious economic consequences. Published results on host genetic resistance to MAP are inconsistent, mainly because of difficulties in characterizing the infection status of cows. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to MAP in Holstein and Normande cows with an accurately defined status for MAP. Results: From MAP-infected herds, cows without clinical signs of disease were subjected to at least four repeated serum ELISA and fecal PCR tests over time to determine both infected and non-infected statuses. Clinical cases were confirmed using PCR. Only cows that had concordant results for all tests were included in further analyses. Positive and control cows were matched within herd according to their birth date to ensure a same level of exposure to MAP. Cows with accurate phenotypes, i.e. unaffected (control) or affected (clinical or non-clinical cases), were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. Genotypes were imputed to whole-genome sequences using the 1000 Bull Genomes reference population (run6). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MAP status of 1644 Holstein and 649 Normande cows, using either two (controls versus cases) or three classes of phenotype (controls, non-clinical and clinical cases), revealed three regions, on Bos taurus (BTA) chromosomes 12, 13, and 23, presenting significant effects in Holstein cows, while only one of those was identified in Normande cows (BTA23). The most significant effect was found on BTA13, in a short 8.5-kb region. Conditional analyses revealed that only one causal variant may be responsible for the effects observed on each chromosome with the ABCC4 (BTA12), CBFA2T2 (BTA13), and IER3 (BTA23) genes as good functional candidates. Conclusions: A sequence-based GWAS on cows for which resistance to MAP was accurately defined, was able to identify candidate variants located in genes that were functionally related to resistance to MAP; these explained up to 28% of the genetic variance of the trait. These results are very encouraging for efforts towards implementation of a breeding strategy aimed at improving resistance to paratuberculosis in Holstein cows.

Research paper thumbnail of Health surveillance in organic dairy farms: comparing indicators of farmers to those of scientists

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of French private veterinary practitioners on their role in organic dairy farms

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 29, 2016

Veterinarians could be the expected sparring partners of organic dairy farmers in promoting anima... more Veterinarians could be the expected sparring partners of organic dairy farmers in promoting animal health which is one of the main organic principles. However, in the past organic dairy farmers did not always consider veterinarians to be pertinent advisors for them. The objectives of this study are - from private veterinary practitioners' point of views- i) to describe the roles of veterinarians today in organic dairy farmers' animal health promotion strategies, ii) to identify factors related to organic farming which determine their role on organic dairy farms, and, iii) to identify opportunities for improvement of veterinarians' advisory services for organic dairy herds. Fourteen veterinarians, providing herd health advisory services to dairy farmers, were interviewed using qualitative semi-structured research interviews. A modified approach to Grounded Theory was used for data collection and analysis. Most often veterinarians had only contact with the organic dairy farmers in cases of individual ill animals or acute herd health problems. Even though certain veterinarians experienced situations and approaches of animal health and welfare on organic dairy farms not meeting their standards, they were not always able to establish themselves an advisory role supporting farmers in improving this. Indeed, organic production principles, regulations and farmers' health approaches challenged veterinarians' values on animal health and welfare and their perceptions of 'good veterinary practices'. Also, some veterinarians considered that there was no direct economic interest for them in the organic dairy sector and that could diminish their willingness to invest in this sector. Possible opportunities for improvement were identified; for example proposing more proactively advice via existing organisations, by making adaptations to advisory services for the organic sector and/or by dissociating veterinarians' curative role from their advisory role in disease prevention.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation d'indicateurs issus des données de reproduction et de production laitière pour la surveillance syndromique chez les bovins laitiers

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 15, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Biosécurité en élevage bovin et porcin : des pratiques hétérogènes, une palette de freins et motivations à intégrer au conseil

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance of disease emergence in dairy cattle using reproduction data

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 28, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Prevention of Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows in infected herds using an inactivated monovalent phase I C. burnetii vaccine

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 24, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Sequence-based association study of resistance to paratuberculosis in Holstein and Normande cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 27, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Features of Mycobacterium avium subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> Strains Circulating in the West of France Deciphered by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Microbiology spectrum, Dec 21, 2022

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants, which is pre... more Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants, which is present worldwide and has significant negative impacts on the dairy cattle industry and animal welfare. Prevention and control of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection are hampered by knowledge gaps in strain virulence, genotype distribution, and transmission dynamics.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of monthly collected milk yields for the early detection of vector-borne emerging diseases

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 26, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of GWAS of resistance to paratuberculosis in French Holstein and Normande cattle breeds

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 29, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of New insights into resistance to paratuberculosis from sequence-based GWAS in Holstein cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Herd-level animal management factors associated with the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in a multi-country study

PLOS ONE, Jul 5, 2017

Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been obser... more Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been observed in young calves in several European countries. The syndrome, which has been named 'bovine neonatal pancytopenia' (BNP), is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and a panmyelophthisis. A herd-level case-control study was conducted in four BNP affected countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) to identify herd management risk factors for BNP occurrence. Data were collected using structured face-to-face and telephone interviews of farm managers and their local veterinarians. In total, 363 case farms and 887 control farms were included in a matched multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Case-control status was strongly associated with the odds of herd level use of the vaccine PregSure® BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) (matched adjusted odds ratio (OR) 107.2; 95% CI: 41.0-280.1). This was also the case for the practices of feeding calves colostrum from the calf's own dam (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4) or feeding pooled colostrum (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9-8.8). Given that the study had relatively high statistical power and represented a variety of cattle production and husbandry systems, it can be concluded with some confidence that no other herd level management factors are

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of combined environmental and pooled animals sampling to determine dairy cattle herd infection status for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 5, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Shedding patterns over time of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 5, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation de l’efficacité épidémiologique et économique de stratégies de maîtrise en troupeau infecté par Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2011