Christophe C A Bliard - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Christophe C A Bliard

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Reactivity of the Three Glucosyl -OH Positions -2, -3 and -6 during esterification and saponification of starch by nmr spectroscopy of partially Deutero-acetylated material

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 28, 1998

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthese D'Oligomalto-Isomaltosides Branches Complexes Modeles Des Structures De Ramification Des Amylopectines

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 25, 2004

L'amidon est un composé de réserve glucidique abondant et peu coûteux synthétisé par les végétaux... more L'amidon est un composé de réserve glucidique abondant et peu coûteux synthétisé par les végétaux (céréales, légumineuses, tubercules…) à partir de l'énergie solaire. L'amidon est utilisé dans l'industrie alimentaire (agents de texture, gélifiants…) et non-alimentaire (papeterie, textile, adhésifs…). Bien que la nature polysaccharidique des constituants de l'amidon ait été déterminée depuis longtemps, à ce jour la structure fine du constituant principal, l'amylopectine reste encore mal décrite. Notre projet consiste donc à étudier cette structure afin de mieux comprendre les différences de propriétés physico-chimiques (rhéologiques, mécaniques…) qui existent entre des amidons d'origines botaniques différentes.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules biohybrides multicouches

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 12, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Determination de la Configuration Absolue d'Alcools Secondaires Chiraux à l'aide de leur alpha- ou béta- Glycosides et par la RMN du Proton, du Carbone-13 de l'Azote-15 de l'Oxygène-17 et du Fluor-19

Une nouvelle methode de determination de la configuration absolue d'alcools secondaire chirau... more Une nouvelle methode de determination de la configuration absolue d'alcools secondaire chiraux basee sur les deplacements chimiques en RMN du proton, de l'oxygene 17, et ducarbone-13 de derives tetra-acetyl -o glucosyles ; du deplacement chimique du fluor-19 des derives 2-desoxy-2 fluoro triacetyl O-glucosyles ; et du deplacement chimique de l’azote-15 des derives 2-acetamido-2desoxy-tri-o-acetyles est presentee.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal inertia of sugar-beet-pulp/starch based bricks enhanced with phase change materials

Construction and Building Materials, Jun 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Naissance de la première agrafe biosourcée et biodégradable Témoignages de différents acteurs

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 1, 2019

Historique du projet Vu par le fabriquant, la société CAVI Ces agrafes à vigne pétro-sourcées cor... more Historique du projet Vu par le fabriquant, la société CAVI Ces agrafes à vigne pétro-sourcées correspondent parfaitement au cahier des charges d'utilisation. Elles sont très résistantes à la pose puis elles subissent avec les UV un processus de dégradation physico-chimique qui leurs permettent de casser facilement et sans effort après la vendange. Elles tombent au sol, se fragmentent et disparaissent visuellement, mais le plastique ne se biodégrade pas.

Research paper thumbnail of Tailoring the properties of thermoplastic starch by blending and radiation processing : an insight into the grafting of low MW additives

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 24, 2010

In this study, bamboo powder and/or hollow glass microspheres were added to thermoplastic cassava... more In this study, bamboo powder and/or hollow glass microspheres were added to thermoplastic cassava starch in order to overcome its drawbacks. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, water contact angle measurement and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), in addition to their thermal properties. The mechanical strength of the composites showed a general decline with increasing bamboo powder content while the water contact angles increased up to 15% of bamboo powder content (% w/w dry starch). The addition of hollow glass microspheres provides an optimal balance between hydrophobicity and mechanical strength. The results pointed to improved properties that are expected to make thermoplastic starch more attractive and hence more competitive with synthetic polymers.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic and Biochemical Evidence for the Involvement of α1,4 Glucanotransferases in Amylopectin Synthesis

Research paper thumbnail of Thermoplastic Starch with Improved Properties by Blending with Lignins and Radiation Processing

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: A New and Extremely Fast Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-arabino- hexose (2-Deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-glucose) (III)

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical Properties of a PLA/Nettle Agro-Composite with 10% Oriented Fibers

Applied sciences, Sep 29, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal performance of starch/beet-pulp composite bricks for building insulation at a wall scale

Case Studies in Construction Materials, Jul 1, 2023

This paper aims to study the thermal performance at wall scale of hollowed bricks made of starch/... more This paper aims to study the thermal performance at wall scale of hollowed bricks made of starch/ beet-pulp bio-composites identified as a potent solution for the development of sustainable, nonload bearing, insulation materials to be used in the construction sector. Numerical studies on thermal resistance using the COMSOL software were conducted to study the characteristics of optimal hollowed brick pattern. The numerical study results were then compared with thermal resistance calculations based on the NF EN ISO norm 6946 (2017). In a later stage, an experimental 1 m x 1 m wall made of starch/beet-pulp composite bricks and binder was built. Experimental studies on the thermal resistance and thermal imaging were carried out on the wall inserted in a bi-climatic chamber showing only a 3 • C change of the surface temperature of the wall on the one side after applying a 23 • C temperature difference on the other side for 7 h. The equivalent thermal resistances were obtained equal to 1.180 m 2. K/W, 1.218 m 2. K/W, 1.10 m 2. K/W respectively as described previously which reflected a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.Finally, the obtained results reflected the high thermal performance of the studied starch/beet-pulp composites.

Research paper thumbnail of Acetylated Wheat Starch Membranes: Permeability Measurements

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 11, 1997

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Inertia of Sugar-Beet-Pulp/Starch Based Bricks Enhanced with Phase Change Materials

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of LignoStarch Tailored modification of starch by radiation-grafting of lignin

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 18, 2012

Versailles, 4) DTPCIM-Ecole des Mines de Douai Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) represents ca 80% of th... more Versailles, 4) DTPCIM-Ecole des Mines de Douai Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) represents ca 80% of the biopolymer market, however, unlike petroleum based polymers, TPS is still manufactured by traditional methods of extrusion and injection molding. Starch is a semi-crystalline renewable biopolymer made of glucose units existing as a mixture of linear polymer chains (amylose) and branched polymer chains (amylopectin). Due to its hydrophyllic nature, starch products show retrogradation and varying mechanical properties with time. Lignin, another renewable biopolymer and a by-product of the paper industry is hydrophobic and limits water sensitivity of TPS blends. Electron Beam radiation-induced grafting of lignin models onto starch/maltodextrin is shown to result in physical stability of the blends with limited loss of mechanical properties, improved surface hydrophobicity, and to impede long-term retrogradation.

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping twenty years of Green Chem: Four Productive Heritages moving towards "Doubly Green Chemistry" DGC Beyond the green varnish

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 21, 2013

Ce travail qui n'engage que les auteurs, a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Agence Nationale de la Reche... more Ce travail qui n'engage que les auteurs, a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche portant la référence ANR-09-CP2D-01-01

Research paper thumbnail of Analyse prédictive de structures potentielles des dextrines MOS et MIMOS

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2008

Si les polymères linéaires sont facilement décrits par leur degré de polymérisation (DP) et indic... more Si les polymères linéaires sont facilement décrits par leur degré de polymérisation (DP) et indice de polydispersité, avec les polymères branchés on atteint très rapidement un niveau de variabilité structurale phénoménal. L'analyse prédictive de structures potentielles (APSP) permet de calculer et de décrire un nombre fini de structures isomériques discrètes par DP donné N=f(DP). L'application à des fractions de DP croissant, isolées à partir de sirops de dextrines, issues de la dégradation enzymatique d'amylopectines est présentée ici. Dans le modèle de la grappe ou « cluster » de la figure ci-dessous les chaînes linéaires de glucopyranoses  (1-4) des amylopectines sont ramifiées par des liaisons 1-6. L'organisation de ces ramifications de chaînes entre elles dans les différentes variétés botaniques n'est pas connue à ce jour; les sousstructures de branchement correspondent à des enchaînements isomaltooligosaccharides ou IMOS sur des structures MOS. Le mélange formé par dégradations enzymatiques partielles de la zone compacte de branchement conduit à des dextrines qui, séparées par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique en fractions homogènes de DP donnés Ces fractions sont constituées de mélanges Malto-Isomalto-Oligosaccharide (MIMOS) possédant un nombre considérable de structures potentielles discrètes, même à des DP faibles. Le calcul du nombre d'isomères potentiels ainsi que les structures correspondantes au sein de chaque fraction de DP donnée, sont présentés ici pour les DP croissants de 2 à 6. Zone de branchements Cluster d'amylopectine APSP MIMOS DP5

Research paper thumbnail of Catalan numbers' Cn computation chard of of branched polymers up to a DP 22

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 2, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of From Inter-crosslinked Bio-hybrid Gels to Carbohydrate Grafted Multilayered Siloxane Nanoparticles

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 24, 2019

The purpose of the research presented here was to explore different possibilities in synthesizing... more The purpose of the research presented here was to explore different possibilities in synthesizing polymeric hydrogel structures of defined sizes from nano-sized natural polymer molecules such as polysaccharides (PS) and hybrid mineral-organic silica nanoparticles. Water soluble linear or branched PS are nano-sized molecules that can be cross-linked to create larger hydrogel scaffolds at any desired micro or macro-size. Firstly 20-100 nm nanoparticles with an amorphous silica core and a reactive organic shell were synthesized and crosslinked by classical sol-gel processes. The inter-crosslinking of silica nanoparticles with polysaccharides was carried out in three different ways: by trapping the polysaccharides in a dense network of crosslinked silica nanoparticle; by co-crosslinking the chemically modified PS with the reacting nanoparticles and by using the modified polysaccharide as the cross-linker. These processes resulted in bio-hybrid mineral/organic hydrogels. Using similar chemistry multi-layered nano-particles were synthesized. These nanoparticles were made of a central amorphous mineral silica core covered by a hydrophobic organic layer. This organic layer contained reactive epoxy groups onto which a hydrophilic oligosaccharidic surface was grafted. In order to react the oligosaccharidic moiety onto the nanoparticle diethylamine was added by reductive amination onto the reducing hemiacetal function of a reducing oligosaccharide. The remaining amino group of the resulting modified sugar derivative was then attached on the nano-particles by reacting with the pending epoxy groups at the nanoparticle surface. On these multilayered nanoparticles some epoxy groups remained buried underneath the bulky oligosaccharidic external layer. Those were reacted with amine bearing molecules such as methylene blue. Purification of the obtained multilayered nanoparticles was easily performed by ultrafiltration. These three examples show the numerous possibilities of creating specific hydrogel polymeric structures at various sizes with specific functionalities by using different chemistry.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral Secondary Alcohols by Proton, Carbone-13, nitrogen-15, Oxygen-17 and Fluor-19 RMN using alpha- or beta- Glycoside derivatives

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 21, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Reactivity of the Three Glucosyl -OH Positions -2, -3 and -6 during esterification and saponification of starch by nmr spectroscopy of partially Deutero-acetylated material

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 28, 1998

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthese D'Oligomalto-Isomaltosides Branches Complexes Modeles Des Structures De Ramification Des Amylopectines

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 25, 2004

L'amidon est un composé de réserve glucidique abondant et peu coûteux synthétisé par les végétaux... more L'amidon est un composé de réserve glucidique abondant et peu coûteux synthétisé par les végétaux (céréales, légumineuses, tubercules…) à partir de l'énergie solaire. L'amidon est utilisé dans l'industrie alimentaire (agents de texture, gélifiants…) et non-alimentaire (papeterie, textile, adhésifs…). Bien que la nature polysaccharidique des constituants de l'amidon ait été déterminée depuis longtemps, à ce jour la structure fine du constituant principal, l'amylopectine reste encore mal décrite. Notre projet consiste donc à étudier cette structure afin de mieux comprendre les différences de propriétés physico-chimiques (rhéologiques, mécaniques…) qui existent entre des amidons d'origines botaniques différentes.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules biohybrides multicouches

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 12, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Determination de la Configuration Absolue d'Alcools Secondaires Chiraux à l'aide de leur alpha- ou béta- Glycosides et par la RMN du Proton, du Carbone-13 de l'Azote-15 de l'Oxygène-17 et du Fluor-19

Une nouvelle methode de determination de la configuration absolue d'alcools secondaire chirau... more Une nouvelle methode de determination de la configuration absolue d'alcools secondaire chiraux basee sur les deplacements chimiques en RMN du proton, de l'oxygene 17, et ducarbone-13 de derives tetra-acetyl -o glucosyles ; du deplacement chimique du fluor-19 des derives 2-desoxy-2 fluoro triacetyl O-glucosyles ; et du deplacement chimique de l’azote-15 des derives 2-acetamido-2desoxy-tri-o-acetyles est presentee.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal inertia of sugar-beet-pulp/starch based bricks enhanced with phase change materials

Construction and Building Materials, Jun 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Naissance de la première agrafe biosourcée et biodégradable Témoignages de différents acteurs

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 1, 2019

Historique du projet Vu par le fabriquant, la société CAVI Ces agrafes à vigne pétro-sourcées cor... more Historique du projet Vu par le fabriquant, la société CAVI Ces agrafes à vigne pétro-sourcées correspondent parfaitement au cahier des charges d'utilisation. Elles sont très résistantes à la pose puis elles subissent avec les UV un processus de dégradation physico-chimique qui leurs permettent de casser facilement et sans effort après la vendange. Elles tombent au sol, se fragmentent et disparaissent visuellement, mais le plastique ne se biodégrade pas.

Research paper thumbnail of Tailoring the properties of thermoplastic starch by blending and radiation processing : an insight into the grafting of low MW additives

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 24, 2010

In this study, bamboo powder and/or hollow glass microspheres were added to thermoplastic cassava... more In this study, bamboo powder and/or hollow glass microspheres were added to thermoplastic cassava starch in order to overcome its drawbacks. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, water contact angle measurement and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), in addition to their thermal properties. The mechanical strength of the composites showed a general decline with increasing bamboo powder content while the water contact angles increased up to 15% of bamboo powder content (% w/w dry starch). The addition of hollow glass microspheres provides an optimal balance between hydrophobicity and mechanical strength. The results pointed to improved properties that are expected to make thermoplastic starch more attractive and hence more competitive with synthetic polymers.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic and Biochemical Evidence for the Involvement of α1,4 Glucanotransferases in Amylopectin Synthesis

Research paper thumbnail of Thermoplastic Starch with Improved Properties by Blending with Lignins and Radiation Processing

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: A New and Extremely Fast Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-arabino- hexose (2-Deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-glucose) (III)

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical Properties of a PLA/Nettle Agro-Composite with 10% Oriented Fibers

Applied sciences, Sep 29, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal performance of starch/beet-pulp composite bricks for building insulation at a wall scale

Case Studies in Construction Materials, Jul 1, 2023

This paper aims to study the thermal performance at wall scale of hollowed bricks made of starch/... more This paper aims to study the thermal performance at wall scale of hollowed bricks made of starch/ beet-pulp bio-composites identified as a potent solution for the development of sustainable, nonload bearing, insulation materials to be used in the construction sector. Numerical studies on thermal resistance using the COMSOL software were conducted to study the characteristics of optimal hollowed brick pattern. The numerical study results were then compared with thermal resistance calculations based on the NF EN ISO norm 6946 (2017). In a later stage, an experimental 1 m x 1 m wall made of starch/beet-pulp composite bricks and binder was built. Experimental studies on the thermal resistance and thermal imaging were carried out on the wall inserted in a bi-climatic chamber showing only a 3 • C change of the surface temperature of the wall on the one side after applying a 23 • C temperature difference on the other side for 7 h. The equivalent thermal resistances were obtained equal to 1.180 m 2. K/W, 1.218 m 2. K/W, 1.10 m 2. K/W respectively as described previously which reflected a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.Finally, the obtained results reflected the high thermal performance of the studied starch/beet-pulp composites.

Research paper thumbnail of Acetylated Wheat Starch Membranes: Permeability Measurements

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 11, 1997

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Inertia of Sugar-Beet-Pulp/Starch Based Bricks Enhanced with Phase Change Materials

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of LignoStarch Tailored modification of starch by radiation-grafting of lignin

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 18, 2012

Versailles, 4) DTPCIM-Ecole des Mines de Douai Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) represents ca 80% of th... more Versailles, 4) DTPCIM-Ecole des Mines de Douai Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) represents ca 80% of the biopolymer market, however, unlike petroleum based polymers, TPS is still manufactured by traditional methods of extrusion and injection molding. Starch is a semi-crystalline renewable biopolymer made of glucose units existing as a mixture of linear polymer chains (amylose) and branched polymer chains (amylopectin). Due to its hydrophyllic nature, starch products show retrogradation and varying mechanical properties with time. Lignin, another renewable biopolymer and a by-product of the paper industry is hydrophobic and limits water sensitivity of TPS blends. Electron Beam radiation-induced grafting of lignin models onto starch/maltodextrin is shown to result in physical stability of the blends with limited loss of mechanical properties, improved surface hydrophobicity, and to impede long-term retrogradation.

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping twenty years of Green Chem: Four Productive Heritages moving towards "Doubly Green Chemistry" DGC Beyond the green varnish

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 21, 2013

Ce travail qui n'engage que les auteurs, a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Agence Nationale de la Reche... more Ce travail qui n'engage que les auteurs, a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche portant la référence ANR-09-CP2D-01-01

Research paper thumbnail of Analyse prédictive de structures potentielles des dextrines MOS et MIMOS

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2008

Si les polymères linéaires sont facilement décrits par leur degré de polymérisation (DP) et indic... more Si les polymères linéaires sont facilement décrits par leur degré de polymérisation (DP) et indice de polydispersité, avec les polymères branchés on atteint très rapidement un niveau de variabilité structurale phénoménal. L'analyse prédictive de structures potentielles (APSP) permet de calculer et de décrire un nombre fini de structures isomériques discrètes par DP donné N=f(DP). L'application à des fractions de DP croissant, isolées à partir de sirops de dextrines, issues de la dégradation enzymatique d'amylopectines est présentée ici. Dans le modèle de la grappe ou « cluster » de la figure ci-dessous les chaînes linéaires de glucopyranoses  (1-4) des amylopectines sont ramifiées par des liaisons 1-6. L'organisation de ces ramifications de chaînes entre elles dans les différentes variétés botaniques n'est pas connue à ce jour; les sousstructures de branchement correspondent à des enchaînements isomaltooligosaccharides ou IMOS sur des structures MOS. Le mélange formé par dégradations enzymatiques partielles de la zone compacte de branchement conduit à des dextrines qui, séparées par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique en fractions homogènes de DP donnés Ces fractions sont constituées de mélanges Malto-Isomalto-Oligosaccharide (MIMOS) possédant un nombre considérable de structures potentielles discrètes, même à des DP faibles. Le calcul du nombre d'isomères potentiels ainsi que les structures correspondantes au sein de chaque fraction de DP donnée, sont présentés ici pour les DP croissants de 2 à 6. Zone de branchements Cluster d'amylopectine APSP MIMOS DP5

Research paper thumbnail of Catalan numbers' Cn computation chard of of branched polymers up to a DP 22

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 2, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of From Inter-crosslinked Bio-hybrid Gels to Carbohydrate Grafted Multilayered Siloxane Nanoparticles

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 24, 2019

The purpose of the research presented here was to explore different possibilities in synthesizing... more The purpose of the research presented here was to explore different possibilities in synthesizing polymeric hydrogel structures of defined sizes from nano-sized natural polymer molecules such as polysaccharides (PS) and hybrid mineral-organic silica nanoparticles. Water soluble linear or branched PS are nano-sized molecules that can be cross-linked to create larger hydrogel scaffolds at any desired micro or macro-size. Firstly 20-100 nm nanoparticles with an amorphous silica core and a reactive organic shell were synthesized and crosslinked by classical sol-gel processes. The inter-crosslinking of silica nanoparticles with polysaccharides was carried out in three different ways: by trapping the polysaccharides in a dense network of crosslinked silica nanoparticle; by co-crosslinking the chemically modified PS with the reacting nanoparticles and by using the modified polysaccharide as the cross-linker. These processes resulted in bio-hybrid mineral/organic hydrogels. Using similar chemistry multi-layered nano-particles were synthesized. These nanoparticles were made of a central amorphous mineral silica core covered by a hydrophobic organic layer. This organic layer contained reactive epoxy groups onto which a hydrophilic oligosaccharidic surface was grafted. In order to react the oligosaccharidic moiety onto the nanoparticle diethylamine was added by reductive amination onto the reducing hemiacetal function of a reducing oligosaccharide. The remaining amino group of the resulting modified sugar derivative was then attached on the nano-particles by reacting with the pending epoxy groups at the nanoparticle surface. On these multilayered nanoparticles some epoxy groups remained buried underneath the bulky oligosaccharidic external layer. Those were reacted with amine bearing molecules such as methylene blue. Purification of the obtained multilayered nanoparticles was easily performed by ultrafiltration. These three examples show the numerous possibilities of creating specific hydrogel polymeric structures at various sizes with specific functionalities by using different chemistry.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral Secondary Alcohols by Proton, Carbone-13, nitrogen-15, Oxygen-17 and Fluor-19 RMN using alpha- or beta- Glycoside derivatives

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 21, 1986