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Papers by Christopher Meinen

Research paper thumbnail of Western Boundary Time Series in the Atlantic Ocean

Research paper thumbnail of 6th annual AMOC progress report

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous, Array-Based Estimates of Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5°N

Journal of Climate, 2011

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal Changes in the Western Boundary Current along the Florida Coast: A comparison of the Global NCOM to observations

The transport of the Florida Current along the east coast of the United States has been monitored... more The transport of the Florida Current along the east coast of the United States has been monitored for over 20 years using voltages measured on telephone cables spanning the Straits of Florida and as such represents an important component of the Ocean Observing System. Previous studies using these transport measurements have documented decadal changes on the order of 10-25% of the long-term mean. These studies have shown a strong correlation between Florida Current transport variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation, which also indicates a correlation with the large-scale sea-surface temperature patterns associated with regional and global climate variability. This also suggests connections to numerous socially significant weather and climate phenomena that are thought to be related through large scale ocean-atmosphere patterns in the Atlantic, including decadal and interdecadal variations in fisheries, rainfall, and hurricane activity. The long time series of transport observat...

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal and interannual variability of the subtropical Atlantic western boundary current system

Progress over the last few decades in understanding the seasonal and interannual variability of t... more Progress over the last few decades in understanding the seasonal and interannual variability of the Florida Current and adjacent Antilles western boundary regime is reviewed, honoring Prof. Fritz Schott's pioneering contributions in this area. Over 25 years of nearly continuous transport observations are now available from the operational submarine cable across the Florida Current at 27°N. The climatological seasonal cycle

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal variations in the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from observations and numerical models

Geophysical Research Letters, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Attribution of Deep Western Boundary Current variability at 26.5°N

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous observations of the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N: Major results and present challenges

The RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA array for monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)... more The RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA array for monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26.5°N has been in continuous operation since April 2004. Here we present a 4 year timeseries of its strength and variability. The 26.5°N section is separated into a Florida Strait section west of the Bahamas where the Gulf Stream transport is monitored from cable voltage measurements and a

Research paper thumbnail of Salinity and Water Mass Transports in the Florida Straits

Research paper thumbnail of Workshop Report A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in the South Atlantic as a component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation

Page 1. DRAFT 10/19/2007 1 Workshop Report 1 A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in ... more Page 1. DRAFT 10/19/2007 1 Workshop Report 1 A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in the South Atlantic as a 2 component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation 3 4 5 Estancia San Ceferino, Buenos Aires, Argentina 6 May 8, 9, and 10, 2007 7 8 ...

Research paper thumbnail of TEMPORAL VARIABILITY or THE FLORIDA CURRENT ‘TRANSPORT AT 27 N

Research paper thumbnail of 3) ATLANTIC OCEAN In the tropical Atlantic, 2009, surface currents were close to climatology except during boreal spring

Research paper thumbnail of Meridional extent of the Pacific Ocean tropical-subtropical warm water exchange

Research paper thumbnail of Variability in transports along the subtropical Atlantic western boundary: Implications for monitoring the MOC

Research paper thumbnail of Sub-seasonal to seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5 N

A 3.5-year timeseries of the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) a... more A 3.5-year timeseries of the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26.5°N is derived from the addition of four transport components: 1. Gulf Stream transports in Florida Straits inferred from cable measurements; 2. Ekman transports from wind stress measurements; 3. current meter measurements of the shallow and deep western boundary currents and; 4. mid-ocean transports inferred from

Research paper thumbnail of The meridional overturning circulation

Research paper thumbnail of Biological production and f-ratio in the equatorial Pacific

ABSTRACT The importance of interannual fluctuations of the coupled climate system over the Pacifi... more ABSTRACT The importance of interannual fluctuations of the coupled climate system over the Pacific Ocean have been known for quite some time as a result of El Niño phenomenon. The significance of interannual variability in biological production and ecosystem structure in tropical Pacific for global carbon cycle has been suggested, but only recently available satellite and buoy observations provide means to synoptically monitor the magnitude of the variability over the large area of the Pacific Ocean. Here, we provide independent remotely-sensed measures of total and new production, and examine the f-ratio over large space scales in the equatorial Pacific. The purpose is to examine the coherence between the two independent measures, and to evaluate the nature of the physical and ecological processes and structure that give rise to observed variability over interannual time scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Meridional overturning circulation observations in the Subtropical North Atlantic

Research paper thumbnail of Physical mechanisms involved in Deep Western Boundary Current variability at 26.5° N

ABSTRACT Variations in the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) car... more ABSTRACT Variations in the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) carried in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 26.5°N have been shown to exceed in magnitude the variations of the overall basin-wide MOC, with strong variability at a range of time scales from weeks to multiple-months. Attribution of these strong variations will be crucial for understanding variations in the MOC itself, however despite many years of moored observations of the DWBC at this location, understanding of these variations is still elusive. Two years of observations from a higher horizontal resolution array of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders are used together with satellite altimetry and output from a modern high-resolution numerical model to investigate the mechanisms behind these ±20 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) variations.

Research paper thumbnail of North Atlantic Current Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for August 1993-July 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Western Boundary Time Series in the Atlantic Ocean

Research paper thumbnail of 6th annual AMOC progress report

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous, Array-Based Estimates of Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5°N

Journal of Climate, 2011

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal Changes in the Western Boundary Current along the Florida Coast: A comparison of the Global NCOM to observations

The transport of the Florida Current along the east coast of the United States has been monitored... more The transport of the Florida Current along the east coast of the United States has been monitored for over 20 years using voltages measured on telephone cables spanning the Straits of Florida and as such represents an important component of the Ocean Observing System. Previous studies using these transport measurements have documented decadal changes on the order of 10-25% of the long-term mean. These studies have shown a strong correlation between Florida Current transport variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation, which also indicates a correlation with the large-scale sea-surface temperature patterns associated with regional and global climate variability. This also suggests connections to numerous socially significant weather and climate phenomena that are thought to be related through large scale ocean-atmosphere patterns in the Atlantic, including decadal and interdecadal variations in fisheries, rainfall, and hurricane activity. The long time series of transport observat...

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal and interannual variability of the subtropical Atlantic western boundary current system

Progress over the last few decades in understanding the seasonal and interannual variability of t... more Progress over the last few decades in understanding the seasonal and interannual variability of the Florida Current and adjacent Antilles western boundary regime is reviewed, honoring Prof. Fritz Schott's pioneering contributions in this area. Over 25 years of nearly continuous transport observations are now available from the operational submarine cable across the Florida Current at 27°N. The climatological seasonal cycle

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal variations in the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from observations and numerical models

Geophysical Research Letters, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Attribution of Deep Western Boundary Current variability at 26.5°N

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous observations of the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N: Major results and present challenges

The RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA array for monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)... more The RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA array for monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26.5°N has been in continuous operation since April 2004. Here we present a 4 year timeseries of its strength and variability. The 26.5°N section is separated into a Florida Strait section west of the Bahamas where the Gulf Stream transport is monitored from cable voltage measurements and a

Research paper thumbnail of Salinity and Water Mass Transports in the Florida Straits

Research paper thumbnail of Workshop Report A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in the South Atlantic as a component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation

Page 1. DRAFT 10/19/2007 1 Workshop Report 1 A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in ... more Page 1. DRAFT 10/19/2007 1 Workshop Report 1 A monitoring system for heat and mass transports in the South Atlantic as a 2 component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation 3 4 5 Estancia San Ceferino, Buenos Aires, Argentina 6 May 8, 9, and 10, 2007 7 8 ...

Research paper thumbnail of TEMPORAL VARIABILITY or THE FLORIDA CURRENT ‘TRANSPORT AT 27 N

Research paper thumbnail of 3) ATLANTIC OCEAN In the tropical Atlantic, 2009, surface currents were close to climatology except during boreal spring

Research paper thumbnail of Meridional extent of the Pacific Ocean tropical-subtropical warm water exchange

Research paper thumbnail of Variability in transports along the subtropical Atlantic western boundary: Implications for monitoring the MOC

Research paper thumbnail of Sub-seasonal to seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5 N

A 3.5-year timeseries of the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) a... more A 3.5-year timeseries of the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26.5°N is derived from the addition of four transport components: 1. Gulf Stream transports in Florida Straits inferred from cable measurements; 2. Ekman transports from wind stress measurements; 3. current meter measurements of the shallow and deep western boundary currents and; 4. mid-ocean transports inferred from

Research paper thumbnail of The meridional overturning circulation

Research paper thumbnail of Biological production and f-ratio in the equatorial Pacific

ABSTRACT The importance of interannual fluctuations of the coupled climate system over the Pacifi... more ABSTRACT The importance of interannual fluctuations of the coupled climate system over the Pacific Ocean have been known for quite some time as a result of El Niño phenomenon. The significance of interannual variability in biological production and ecosystem structure in tropical Pacific for global carbon cycle has been suggested, but only recently available satellite and buoy observations provide means to synoptically monitor the magnitude of the variability over the large area of the Pacific Ocean. Here, we provide independent remotely-sensed measures of total and new production, and examine the f-ratio over large space scales in the equatorial Pacific. The purpose is to examine the coherence between the two independent measures, and to evaluate the nature of the physical and ecological processes and structure that give rise to observed variability over interannual time scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Meridional overturning circulation observations in the Subtropical North Atlantic

Research paper thumbnail of Physical mechanisms involved in Deep Western Boundary Current variability at 26.5° N

ABSTRACT Variations in the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) car... more ABSTRACT Variations in the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) carried in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 26.5°N have been shown to exceed in magnitude the variations of the overall basin-wide MOC, with strong variability at a range of time scales from weeks to multiple-months. Attribution of these strong variations will be crucial for understanding variations in the MOC itself, however despite many years of moored observations of the DWBC at this location, understanding of these variations is still elusive. Two years of observations from a higher horizontal resolution array of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders are used together with satellite altimetry and output from a modern high-resolution numerical model to investigate the mechanisms behind these ±20 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) variations.

Research paper thumbnail of North Atlantic Current Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for August 1993-July 1995

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