Chuen-Lin Tien - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Chuen-Lin Tien
In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an ... more In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment, the cyclic shearing interferometer and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The cyclic interferometer is referred to as the layout where two beams travel in same directions, encountering exactly the same components until they emerge to form interference pattern. The cyclic shearing interferometer uses to examine the parallel of five incident parallel laser beams. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the Slant Focal Length deviation to an accuracy of 0.3 %.
Sensors
In this study, the design of a Digital-twin human-machine interface sensor (DT-HMIS) is proposed.... more In this study, the design of a Digital-twin human-machine interface sensor (DT-HMIS) is proposed. This is a digital-twin sensor (DT-Sensor) that can meet the demands of human-machine automation collaboration in Industry 5.0. The DT-HMIS allows users/patients to add, modify, delete, query, and restore their previously memorized DT finger gesture mapping model and programmable logic controller (PLC) logic program, enabling the operation or access of the programmable controller input-output (I/O) interface and achieving the extended limb collaboration capability of users/patients. The system has two main functions: the first is gesture-encoded virtual manipulation, which indirectly accesses the PLC through the DT mapping model to complete control of electronic peripherals for extension-limbs ability by executing logic control program instructions. The second is gesture-based virtual manipulation to help non-verbal individuals create special verbal sentences through gesture commands to ...
2023 IEEE 6th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation (ECEI)
Scientific Reports
Theoretically, contact lenses change the accommodation and vergence demands of the eyes and direc... more Theoretically, contact lenses change the accommodation and vergence demands of the eyes and directly or indirectly influence binocular vision. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different optical designs of contact lenses on binocular vision and visual behavior among young adults. In this randomized, single-blinded experimental study, visual behavioral performance (VBP) and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaires were used for preliminary screening. Nineteen myopic subjects aged 20–26 years (21.59 ± 1.40 years) participated in the study. Baseline values for subjective refraction and binocular visual functions were evaluated. All the subjects were randomly grouped to wear different optical designs of single-vision, progressive, and bifocal contact lenses. Eye examinations were performed on the first day (CL baseline), 2nd week, and 4th week of wearing the lenses. In addition, subjects completed the VBP and visual quality questionnaire again at the end o...
2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2021
Non-invasive eye acupuncture uses magnetic patches to stick to the Qingming and Sizhukong acupoin... more Non-invasive eye acupuncture uses magnetic patches to stick to the Qingming and Sizhukong acupoints on the left and right eyes of the subjects, and the Fengchi acupoints on the back of the neck to achieve a similar effect of finger massage. After adhering the magnet sticks for 56 hours, 25 subjects increased the blood circulation, and the visual accommodation capability increased by 10%-14%. According to the brain wave test data of distance vision chart, meditation is greater than attention. In the above two tests, the above phenomena of elders were more significant than young people. Therefore, the application of magnet stick on acupoints can provide an innovative method to improve the visual fatigue and the capability of visual accommodation.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017
Comprehensive studies were carried out to explore the roles of phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl es... more Comprehensive studies were carried out to explore the roles of phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin films in inverted-type CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3) based photovoltaics, including the surface morphologies, transmittance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Raman scattering spectra and thin-film residual stress analysis. The reduction in the photoluminescence line width indicates that the crystallinity of the MAPbI 3 thin film can be increased by covering it with the PCBM thin film. The XRD patterns and Raman scattering spectra show a reduction in the compressive stress of MAPbI 3 thin film when covered by the PCBM thin film. In addition, it is noted that the residual stress at the contact interface between the hydrophilic MAPbI 3 and the hydrophobic PCBM can be ignored as confirmed by the results obtained with a home-made Twyman-Green interferometer. Consequently, the superior optoelectronic properties of the perovskite materials, as well as the use of a multifunctional fullerene-based thin film as the capping layer allow for the high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics.
2015 Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC), 2015
In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an ... more In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment, the cyclic shearing interferometer and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The cyclic interferometer is referred to as the layout where two beams travel in same directions, encountering exactly the same components until they emerge to form interference pattern. The cyclic shearing interferometer uses to examine the parallel of five incident parallel laser beams. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the Slant Focal Length deviation to an accuracy of 0.3 %.
Plasma
This study presents the optimal process parameters of zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films prepared... more This study presents the optimal process parameters of zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films prepared by ion-assisted deposition (IAD) technology combined with electron-beam evaporation based on plasma surface treatment and the Taguchi method. We use Minitab statistical software (Version 20.2.0) and L9 orthogonal array parameter design combined with the response surface method (RSM). The quadratic polynomial regression equation was optimized by the RSM. Based on the control factor screening test of the Taguchi method, we determined the most critical factor combination for the process and derived the optimized process parameters of the ZrN thin films. In the coating experiments, we successfully achieved the optimal combination of good refractive index, adequate residual stress, and lower surface roughness on B270 glass substrates. These results indicate that the optimized preparation process can simultaneously achieve several desirable properties, improving the performance and applicatio...
Coatings
We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch fil... more We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter to enhance image contrast. The stack structure of the notch filters was designed as (Ta2O5/SiO2)4Ta2O5 in Essential Macleod thin film simulation software. Dual-electron-beam evaporation with ion beam-assisted deposition was used to prepare optical interference filters with different center wavelengths. A multilayer notch filter with a center wavelength of 620 nm was deposited on the front surface of the glass, and then a notch filter with a center wavelength of 480 nm was coated on the rear surface of the same glass. The proposed dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter is a combination of two single-wavelength notch filters coated on a double-sided glass substrate to compensate for residual stress. The transmittance, residual stress, and surface roughness of the proposed notch filter were evaluated using different measuring instruments. The experimental results show that the re...
Micromachines
This study demonstrates the low-temperature (<100 °C) process for growing a thin silica buffer... more This study demonstrates the low-temperature (<100 °C) process for growing a thin silica buffer layer and aluminum oxide by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in the same reaction chamber. Heterogeneous multilayer thin films are prepared by a dual-mode equipment based on atomic layer deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. The pulse discrete feeding method (DFM) was used to divide the precursor purging steps into smaller intervals and generate discrete feeds, which improved the saturated distribution of gas precursors, film density and deposition selectivity. The experimental results show that the process method produces a uniform microstructure and that the best film uniformity is ±2.3% and growth rate is 0.69 Å/cycle. The thickness of aluminum oxide film has a linear relationship with the cyclic growth number from 360 to 1800 cycles. Meanwhile, the structural and mechanical stress properties of aluminum oxide thin films were also verified to meet ...
Coatings
Coating technology covers a wide range of fields [...]
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2009
An all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) device based on NiO/WO 3 complementary structure and solid... more An all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) device based on NiO/WO 3 complementary structure and solid polyelectrolyte was manufactured for modulating the optical transmittance. The device consists of WO 3 film as the main electrochromic layer, single-phase hybrid polyelectrolyte as the Li + ion conductor layer, and NiO film as the counter electrochromic layer. Indium tin oxide-(ITO) coated glass was used as substrate and ITO films act as the transparent conductive electrodes. The effective area of the device is 5 Â 5 cm 2. The device showed an optical modulation of 55% at 550 nm and achieved a coloration efficiency of 87 cm 2 C À1. The response time of the device is found to be about 10 s for coloring step and 20 s for bleaching step. The electrochromic mechanism in the NiO/WO 3 complementary structure with Li + ion insertion and extraction was investigated by means of cyclic voltammograms (CV) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Micromachines
This paper presents the optimization design of a miniaturized five-element wide-angle fisheye len... more This paper presents the optimization design of a miniaturized five-element wide-angle fisheye lens using a deep learning algorithm. Zemax optical design software was used to simulate and optimize the wide-angle fisheye lens. A deep learning algorithm helped to find the best combination of different lens materials. We first used six lens elements as an initial configuration to design miniaturized wide-angle fisheye lenses using the optimization process. The optical system components were gradually decreased to five lens elements. Both OKP4HT and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic aspheric lenses were selected to replace the second spherical glass lens in the original design. We propose two types of wide-angle fisheye lens designs with four spherical lenses and one aspheric lens. The results for these designs indicated a viewing angle of 174°, a total length of less than 15 mm, a spot size of less than 6 μm, lateral color within ±1 μm, field curvature within ±0.02 mm, and F-θ dist...
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2013
This study aimed to inspect micro-lens size of optical connectors. In imaging, it can be found th... more This study aimed to inspect micro-lens size of optical connectors. In imaging, it can be found that the edge of a micro-lens and sharpness of the base image are different from the images of a square or straight edge. The edge of a micro-lens may be fuzzy and its gray scale distribution map may present a downtrend, making it difficult to identify the edge position. This study used a micro-lens with a diameter of 110 m as a basis reference. Furthermore, a highprecision AFM was used to obtain accurate values. The measured results were substituted into a newly proposed fuzzy ratio analysis method to deduce the fuzzy ratio and adjust edge fuzzy functions for further analysis of the micro lens edge in order to obtain more accurate results, which were used for the inspection of optical connectors to improve measurement accuracy. The experiment demonstrated that the error between the study results and the results of the commercial measurement system is lower than 1 m, and the inspection speed is faster.
Optica Applicata, 2021
This paper investigates the influence of film thickness on the electrical and mechanical properti... more This paper investigates the influence of film thickness on the electrical and mechanical properties of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. Two groups of ITO thin films deposited on unheated substrates were prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The biaxial residual stress and surface roughness for two groups of ITO thin films were measured by a Twyman–Green interferometer and a Linnik microscopic interferometer, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the ITO films was measured by a four-point probe apparatus, the thickness was determined mechanically with a profilometer. The measurement results show that the average resistivity of ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. The compressive residual stress in the ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. We also find that an anisotropic stress in the two groups of ITO films is more compressive in a certain direction. The RMS surface roughness in th...
An automatic inspection method for the fracture conditions of anisotropic conductive film in the ... more An automatic inspection method for the fracture conditions of anisotropic conductive film in the TFT-LCD assembly process
Coatings, 2021
This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the therma... more This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO thin films simultaneously coated on N-BK7 and S-TIM35 glass substrates were prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition. The thermo-mechanical parameters of ITO thin films were investigated experimentally. Thermal stress in sputtered ITO films was evaluated by an improved Twyman–Green interferometer associated with wavelet transform at different temperatures. When the heating temperature increased from 30 °C to 100 °C, the tensile thermal stress of ITO thin films increased. The increase in substrate temperature led to the decrease of total residual stress deposited on two glass substrates. A linear relationship between the thermal stress and substrate heating temperature was found. The thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of the films were measured by the...
A universal serial bus (USB) type fiber-optic connector combined with aspherical microlenses is d... more A universal serial bus (USB) type fiber-optic connector combined with aspherical microlenses is designed and fabricated to be applied for high data rate communications. This study presents an optimization design and evaluation of a microlens fiber-optic connector with high efficiently coupling the light from verticle-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). An aspherical microlens has a small diameter of about 780 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.275. The fabrication and assembly of the microlens fiber-optic connector have been considered. The optical coupling characteristics of the microlens fiber-optic connector are evaluated by Light Tools software with a coupling loss of-0.80 dB. After fabrication of the microlens fiber-optic connector, an optical coupling loss of -1.04 dB was achieved in experimental measurements. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with those yielded by the simulations.
Optica Applicata, 2021
The surface roughness and residual stress behavior in two types of SiNx/SiO2 dielectric quarter-w... more The surface roughness and residual stress behavior in two types of SiNx/SiO2 dielectric quarter-wave stacks was investigated experimentally. A reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering system was used to prepare the SiNx/SiO2 multilayer thin films. The results show that SiNx/SiO2 quarter-wave stack with a buffer layer of MgF2 thin film can reduce the residual stress. The effect of aging on the residual stress in two quarter-wave stacks was also studied. We found that the residual stresses in both SiNx/SiO2 multilayer coatings are changed from a compressive state to a tensile stress state with increasing the aging time. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of MgF2/(SiNx/SiO2)22 and (SiNx/SiO2)22 quarter-wave stacks are 2.23 ± 0.22 nm and 2.08 ± 0.20 nm, respectively.
In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an ... more In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment, the cyclic shearing interferometer and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The cyclic interferometer is referred to as the layout where two beams travel in same directions, encountering exactly the same components until they emerge to form interference pattern. The cyclic shearing interferometer uses to examine the parallel of five incident parallel laser beams. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the Slant Focal Length deviation to an accuracy of 0.3 %.
Sensors
In this study, the design of a Digital-twin human-machine interface sensor (DT-HMIS) is proposed.... more In this study, the design of a Digital-twin human-machine interface sensor (DT-HMIS) is proposed. This is a digital-twin sensor (DT-Sensor) that can meet the demands of human-machine automation collaboration in Industry 5.0. The DT-HMIS allows users/patients to add, modify, delete, query, and restore their previously memorized DT finger gesture mapping model and programmable logic controller (PLC) logic program, enabling the operation or access of the programmable controller input-output (I/O) interface and achieving the extended limb collaboration capability of users/patients. The system has two main functions: the first is gesture-encoded virtual manipulation, which indirectly accesses the PLC through the DT mapping model to complete control of electronic peripherals for extension-limbs ability by executing logic control program instructions. The second is gesture-based virtual manipulation to help non-verbal individuals create special verbal sentences through gesture commands to ...
2023 IEEE 6th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation (ECEI)
Scientific Reports
Theoretically, contact lenses change the accommodation and vergence demands of the eyes and direc... more Theoretically, contact lenses change the accommodation and vergence demands of the eyes and directly or indirectly influence binocular vision. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different optical designs of contact lenses on binocular vision and visual behavior among young adults. In this randomized, single-blinded experimental study, visual behavioral performance (VBP) and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaires were used for preliminary screening. Nineteen myopic subjects aged 20–26 years (21.59 ± 1.40 years) participated in the study. Baseline values for subjective refraction and binocular visual functions were evaluated. All the subjects were randomly grouped to wear different optical designs of single-vision, progressive, and bifocal contact lenses. Eye examinations were performed on the first day (CL baseline), 2nd week, and 4th week of wearing the lenses. In addition, subjects completed the VBP and visual quality questionnaire again at the end o...
2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2021
Non-invasive eye acupuncture uses magnetic patches to stick to the Qingming and Sizhukong acupoin... more Non-invasive eye acupuncture uses magnetic patches to stick to the Qingming and Sizhukong acupoints on the left and right eyes of the subjects, and the Fengchi acupoints on the back of the neck to achieve a similar effect of finger massage. After adhering the magnet sticks for 56 hours, 25 subjects increased the blood circulation, and the visual accommodation capability increased by 10%-14%. According to the brain wave test data of distance vision chart, meditation is greater than attention. In the above two tests, the above phenomena of elders were more significant than young people. Therefore, the application of magnet stick on acupoints can provide an innovative method to improve the visual fatigue and the capability of visual accommodation.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017
Comprehensive studies were carried out to explore the roles of phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl es... more Comprehensive studies were carried out to explore the roles of phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin films in inverted-type CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3) based photovoltaics, including the surface morphologies, transmittance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Raman scattering spectra and thin-film residual stress analysis. The reduction in the photoluminescence line width indicates that the crystallinity of the MAPbI 3 thin film can be increased by covering it with the PCBM thin film. The XRD patterns and Raman scattering spectra show a reduction in the compressive stress of MAPbI 3 thin film when covered by the PCBM thin film. In addition, it is noted that the residual stress at the contact interface between the hydrophilic MAPbI 3 and the hydrophobic PCBM can be ignored as confirmed by the results obtained with a home-made Twyman-Green interferometer. Consequently, the superior optoelectronic properties of the perovskite materials, as well as the use of a multifunctional fullerene-based thin film as the capping layer allow for the high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics.
2015 Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC), 2015
In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an ... more In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment, the cyclic shearing interferometer and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The cyclic interferometer is referred to as the layout where two beams travel in same directions, encountering exactly the same components until they emerge to form interference pattern. The cyclic shearing interferometer uses to examine the parallel of five incident parallel laser beams. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the Slant Focal Length deviation to an accuracy of 0.3 %.
Plasma
This study presents the optimal process parameters of zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films prepared... more This study presents the optimal process parameters of zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films prepared by ion-assisted deposition (IAD) technology combined with electron-beam evaporation based on plasma surface treatment and the Taguchi method. We use Minitab statistical software (Version 20.2.0) and L9 orthogonal array parameter design combined with the response surface method (RSM). The quadratic polynomial regression equation was optimized by the RSM. Based on the control factor screening test of the Taguchi method, we determined the most critical factor combination for the process and derived the optimized process parameters of the ZrN thin films. In the coating experiments, we successfully achieved the optimal combination of good refractive index, adequate residual stress, and lower surface roughness on B270 glass substrates. These results indicate that the optimized preparation process can simultaneously achieve several desirable properties, improving the performance and applicatio...
Coatings
We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch fil... more We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter to enhance image contrast. The stack structure of the notch filters was designed as (Ta2O5/SiO2)4Ta2O5 in Essential Macleod thin film simulation software. Dual-electron-beam evaporation with ion beam-assisted deposition was used to prepare optical interference filters with different center wavelengths. A multilayer notch filter with a center wavelength of 620 nm was deposited on the front surface of the glass, and then a notch filter with a center wavelength of 480 nm was coated on the rear surface of the same glass. The proposed dual-wavelength (480 and 620 nm) notch filter is a combination of two single-wavelength notch filters coated on a double-sided glass substrate to compensate for residual stress. The transmittance, residual stress, and surface roughness of the proposed notch filter were evaluated using different measuring instruments. The experimental results show that the re...
Micromachines
This study demonstrates the low-temperature (<100 °C) process for growing a thin silica buffer... more This study demonstrates the low-temperature (<100 °C) process for growing a thin silica buffer layer and aluminum oxide by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in the same reaction chamber. Heterogeneous multilayer thin films are prepared by a dual-mode equipment based on atomic layer deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. The pulse discrete feeding method (DFM) was used to divide the precursor purging steps into smaller intervals and generate discrete feeds, which improved the saturated distribution of gas precursors, film density and deposition selectivity. The experimental results show that the process method produces a uniform microstructure and that the best film uniformity is ±2.3% and growth rate is 0.69 Å/cycle. The thickness of aluminum oxide film has a linear relationship with the cyclic growth number from 360 to 1800 cycles. Meanwhile, the structural and mechanical stress properties of aluminum oxide thin films were also verified to meet ...
Coatings
Coating technology covers a wide range of fields [...]
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2009
An all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) device based on NiO/WO 3 complementary structure and solid... more An all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) device based on NiO/WO 3 complementary structure and solid polyelectrolyte was manufactured for modulating the optical transmittance. The device consists of WO 3 film as the main electrochromic layer, single-phase hybrid polyelectrolyte as the Li + ion conductor layer, and NiO film as the counter electrochromic layer. Indium tin oxide-(ITO) coated glass was used as substrate and ITO films act as the transparent conductive electrodes. The effective area of the device is 5 Â 5 cm 2. The device showed an optical modulation of 55% at 550 nm and achieved a coloration efficiency of 87 cm 2 C À1. The response time of the device is found to be about 10 s for coloring step and 20 s for bleaching step. The electrochromic mechanism in the NiO/WO 3 complementary structure with Li + ion insertion and extraction was investigated by means of cyclic voltammograms (CV) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Micromachines
This paper presents the optimization design of a miniaturized five-element wide-angle fisheye len... more This paper presents the optimization design of a miniaturized five-element wide-angle fisheye lens using a deep learning algorithm. Zemax optical design software was used to simulate and optimize the wide-angle fisheye lens. A deep learning algorithm helped to find the best combination of different lens materials. We first used six lens elements as an initial configuration to design miniaturized wide-angle fisheye lenses using the optimization process. The optical system components were gradually decreased to five lens elements. Both OKP4HT and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic aspheric lenses were selected to replace the second spherical glass lens in the original design. We propose two types of wide-angle fisheye lens designs with four spherical lenses and one aspheric lens. The results for these designs indicated a viewing angle of 174°, a total length of less than 15 mm, a spot size of less than 6 μm, lateral color within ±1 μm, field curvature within ±0.02 mm, and F-θ dist...
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2013
This study aimed to inspect micro-lens size of optical connectors. In imaging, it can be found th... more This study aimed to inspect micro-lens size of optical connectors. In imaging, it can be found that the edge of a micro-lens and sharpness of the base image are different from the images of a square or straight edge. The edge of a micro-lens may be fuzzy and its gray scale distribution map may present a downtrend, making it difficult to identify the edge position. This study used a micro-lens with a diameter of 110 m as a basis reference. Furthermore, a highprecision AFM was used to obtain accurate values. The measured results were substituted into a newly proposed fuzzy ratio analysis method to deduce the fuzzy ratio and adjust edge fuzzy functions for further analysis of the micro lens edge in order to obtain more accurate results, which were used for the inspection of optical connectors to improve measurement accuracy. The experiment demonstrated that the error between the study results and the results of the commercial measurement system is lower than 1 m, and the inspection speed is faster.
Optica Applicata, 2021
This paper investigates the influence of film thickness on the electrical and mechanical properti... more This paper investigates the influence of film thickness on the electrical and mechanical properties of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. Two groups of ITO thin films deposited on unheated substrates were prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The biaxial residual stress and surface roughness for two groups of ITO thin films were measured by a Twyman–Green interferometer and a Linnik microscopic interferometer, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the ITO films was measured by a four-point probe apparatus, the thickness was determined mechanically with a profilometer. The measurement results show that the average resistivity of ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. The compressive residual stress in the ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. We also find that an anisotropic stress in the two groups of ITO films is more compressive in a certain direction. The RMS surface roughness in th...
An automatic inspection method for the fracture conditions of anisotropic conductive film in the ... more An automatic inspection method for the fracture conditions of anisotropic conductive film in the TFT-LCD assembly process
Coatings, 2021
This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the therma... more This paper proposes a measuring apparatus and method for simultaneous determination of the thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO thin films simultaneously coated on N-BK7 and S-TIM35 glass substrates were prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition. The thermo-mechanical parameters of ITO thin films were investigated experimentally. Thermal stress in sputtered ITO films was evaluated by an improved Twyman–Green interferometer associated with wavelet transform at different temperatures. When the heating temperature increased from 30 °C to 100 °C, the tensile thermal stress of ITO thin films increased. The increase in substrate temperature led to the decrease of total residual stress deposited on two glass substrates. A linear relationship between the thermal stress and substrate heating temperature was found. The thermal expansion coefficient and biaxial Young’s modulus of the films were measured by the...
A universal serial bus (USB) type fiber-optic connector combined with aspherical microlenses is d... more A universal serial bus (USB) type fiber-optic connector combined with aspherical microlenses is designed and fabricated to be applied for high data rate communications. This study presents an optimization design and evaluation of a microlens fiber-optic connector with high efficiently coupling the light from verticle-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). An aspherical microlens has a small diameter of about 780 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.275. The fabrication and assembly of the microlens fiber-optic connector have been considered. The optical coupling characteristics of the microlens fiber-optic connector are evaluated by Light Tools software with a coupling loss of-0.80 dB. After fabrication of the microlens fiber-optic connector, an optical coupling loss of -1.04 dB was achieved in experimental measurements. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with those yielded by the simulations.
Optica Applicata, 2021
The surface roughness and residual stress behavior in two types of SiNx/SiO2 dielectric quarter-w... more The surface roughness and residual stress behavior in two types of SiNx/SiO2 dielectric quarter-wave stacks was investigated experimentally. A reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering system was used to prepare the SiNx/SiO2 multilayer thin films. The results show that SiNx/SiO2 quarter-wave stack with a buffer layer of MgF2 thin film can reduce the residual stress. The effect of aging on the residual stress in two quarter-wave stacks was also studied. We found that the residual stresses in both SiNx/SiO2 multilayer coatings are changed from a compressive state to a tensile stress state with increasing the aging time. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of MgF2/(SiNx/SiO2)22 and (SiNx/SiO2)22 quarter-wave stacks are 2.23 ± 0.22 nm and 2.08 ± 0.20 nm, respectively.