Cinzia Bertea - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cinzia Bertea
PloS one, 2012
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a li... more Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses.
Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance... more Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by root-associated microorganisms, although additional efforts are still required to exploit and optimize these strategies. Particularly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role as “bio-fertilizing microorganisms”, establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of most crops. In this work, different microbial inocula (a single AMF species, a combination of three different AMF species, a combination of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains and a more complex commercial inoculum) have been used to inoculate tomato plants (cv San Marzano nano), in order to verify their effects on the tolerance to a water deficit condition in pots, through the evaluation of biochemical stress markers and hormonal profiles (ABA and IAA). Results showed differences among tomato responses to water limitation depending on microbial inocula, confirmin...
Species from Cardueae tribe (Compositae), also known as thistles, are traditionally consumed for ... more Species from Cardueae tribe (Compositae), also known as thistles, are traditionally consumed for their taste and biological effects [1]. This work is focused on eight wild edible Cardueae species belonging to Carduus, Ptilostemon, Silybum and Onopordum genera, which are widespread in Sardinia where they are part of the traditional culinary culture [1,2]. Several individuals for each species were collected in different sites in Sardinia.The aim of this study is the valorization of the studied species, to obtain more information on poorly known herbs and to discriminate between closely related species. A combined approach was adopted, the Cardueae hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed and characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, at the same time, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) barcoding gene was amplified and sequences to find a useful molecular marker for the considered species. In agreement with literature data on other thistles, flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the predominant classes of secondary metabolites characterizing the extracts [3]. A nucleotide variation in the ITS region, among the different species, was also observed. Statistical analysis both on chemical and biomolecular results were carried out, revealing that individuals clustered according to taxonomic classification. Since the analyzed species were rich in interesting compounds, the potential inflammatory inhibition of the extracts, in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS), was evaluated. The two Onopordum species were the only able to reduce the TNFα-induced IL-8 release, in AGS cells. A targeted analysis on the main compounds present in the Onopordum extracts, revealed that caffeoylquinic acid derivatives contributed to the inhibition of the IL-8 release exerted by the extracts. This multidisciplinary approach gives chemical and biomolecular tools to discriminate between closely related species and useful information of their potential anti-inflammatory activity. These findings may support the traditional uses of these species. This could be an incentive in food consumption of these wild edible herbs and/or for the development of food supplements, functional foods or herbal medicinal products.
Antioxidants
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable i... more Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impac...
Antioxidants
Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediat... more Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention line...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of ... more Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration...
Scientific Reports
Roots have important roles for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, including sa... more Roots have important roles for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, including salt stress. Biostimulant application was shown to enhance plant resilience towards abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the effect of a tannin-based biostimulant on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under salt stress conditions. We investigated the related changes at both root architecture (via imaging and biometric analysis) and gene expression (RNA-Seq/qPCR) levels. Moreover, in order to identify the main compounds potentially involved in the observed effects, the chemical composition of the biostimulant was evaluated by UV/Vis and HPLC-ESI-Orbitrap analysis. Sixteen compounds, known to be involved in root development and having a potential antioxidant properties were identified. Significant increase of root weight (+ 24%) and length (+ 23%) was observed when the plants were grown under salt stress and treated with the biostimulant. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that the ...
Plants
Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a worldwide important legume crop, whose growth and yield are nega... more Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a worldwide important legume crop, whose growth and yield are negatively affected by heat stress at germination time. Here, we tested the role of a biostimulant based on lignin derivatives, plant-derived amino acids, and molybdenum in enhancing soybean heat stress tolerance when applied on seeds. After treatment with the biostimulant at 35 °C, the seed biometric parameters were positively influenced after 24 h, meanwhile, germination percentage was increased after 72 h (+10%). RNA-Seq analyses revealed a modulation of 879 genes (51 upregulated and 828 downregulated) in biostimulant-treated seeds as compared with the control, at 24 h after incubation at 35 °C. Surprisingly, more than 33% of upregulated genes encoded for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases and proteins involved in the ribosome assembly, acting in a specific protein network. Conversely, the downregulated genes were involved in stress response, hormone signaling, and primary metabolism...
Agriculture
In the past century, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as innovative... more In the past century, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as innovative and sustainable practice. Plant biostimulants have been mainly investigated as potential agents able to mitigate abiotic stress. However, few information is available about their ability to influence fruit quality or change fruit phytochemical composition. In particular, very little is known about their effects on anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Due to the increasing demand of consumers for healthier foods with high nutraceutical values, this review tries to fill the gap between anthocyanin content and biostimulant application. Here, we elucidate the chemical structure, biosynthetic pathway, plant distribution, and physiological role of anthocyanins in plants. Moreover, we discuss the potential implications for human health derived from the consumption of foods rich in these molecules. Finally, we report on literature data concerning the changes in anthocyanin content and profil...
Agriculture
Water deficit is one of the most problematic stressors worldwide. In this context, the use of bio... more Water deficit is one of the most problematic stressors worldwide. In this context, the use of biostimulants represents an increasingly ecological practice aimed to improve crop tolerance and mitigate the negative effects on the productivity. Here, the effect derived from the foliar application of ERANTHIS®®, a biostimulant based on seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria digitata) and yeast extracts, was tested on tomato plants grown under mild water-stress conditions. The potential stress mitigation action was evaluated by monitoring morphometric (fresh weight and dry matter content), physiological (stem water potential) and biochemical (ROS scavenger enzymes activity, proline, abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide and photosynthetic pigment content) parameters closely related to the occurrence and response to stress at both flowering and fruit-set timing. In general, we observed that plants grown under drought conditions and treated with the biostimulant had a lower amount of ABA, a...
Biomolecules
Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production an... more Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production and fruit quality, without resulting in environmental and food contaminations. Here, the effects of the application of Expando, a biostimulant based on seaweed and yeast extracts, on plant productivity, fruit ripening times, and fruit quality of Solanum lycopersicum var. Micro-Tom were evaluated. After biostimulant treatment, a two-week reduction of ripening times and a concomitant enhancement of the production percentage during the earliest ripening times, in terms of both fruit yield (+110%) and size (+85%), were observed. Concerning fruit quality, proximate analysis showed that tomatoes treated with the biostimulant had better nutritional composition compared to untreated samples, since both the quality of unsatured fatty acids (C16:3ω3: +328%; C18:2ω6: −23%) and micronutrients essential for human health (Fe: +14%; Cu: +21%; Zn: +24%) were increased. From a nutraceutical point of view, ...
Molecules
Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) and Annona atemoya (Atemoya) are tropical plants known for their edi... more Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) and Annona atemoya (Atemoya) are tropical plants known for their edible fruit. Scientific data suggest that their leaves, used in traditional medicine in the form of teas or infusions without evidence of toxicity, contain several bioactive compounds. However, only Annona muricata among all the Annona species is currently used in the nutraceutical field, and its dried leaves are marketed for tea preparation. In this work, we explored the nutraceutical potential of Atemoya and Cherimoya leaves, by evaluating their chemical profile and functional properties. Phytochemical analyses showed large amounts of phenolic compounds, in particular proanthocyanidins, and identified 18 compounds, either flavonoids or alkaloids. Concerning biological activity, we found antioxidative properties correlated with polyphenols, and antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines correlated with alkaloids. The obtained results demonstrate the potential use of Anno...
Planta Medica
Zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus... more Zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus is responsible for severe neurological effects, such as paralytic Guillain-Barrè syndrome, in adults, and also congenital malformations, especially microcephaly. No specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are currently available, and treatments are palliative, but medicinal plants show great potential as natural sources of anti-Zika phytochemicals. This study deals with the investigation of the composition, cytotoxicity, and anti-Zika activity of Punica granatum leaf ethanolic extract, fractions, and phytoconstituents. P. granatum leaves were collected from different areas in Italy and Greece in different seasons. Crude extracts were analyzed and fractionated, and the pure compounds were isolated. The phytochemical and biomolecular fingerprint of the pomegranate leaves was determined. The antiviral activities of the leaf extract, fractions, and compounds were investigated against the MR76...
Frontiers in Plant Science
Agronomy
Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance... more Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by root-associated microorganisms, although additional efforts are still required to exploit and optimize these strategies. Particularly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role as “bio-fertilizing microorganisms”, establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of most crops. In this work, different microbial inocula (a single AMF species, a combination of three different AMF species, a combination of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains and a more complex commercial inoculum) have been used to inoculate tomato plants (cv San Marzano nano), in order to verify their effects on the tolerance to a water deficit condition in pots, through the evaluation of biochemical stress markers and hormonal profiles (ABA and IAA). Results showed differences among tomato responses to water limitation depending on microbial inocula, confirmin...
Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference
Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacte... more Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacteria, virus and fungi. Despite their wide use in folk medicine, their employment in medicine or in biomedical products is still scarce and there are only few studies in literature. Their antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties are of interest for the development of coatings or functionalization of implant surfaces, but also for non-implantable medical devices, with the advantage of a reduced bacterial contamination, without the risk of developing bacteria resistance. For a first attempt, a peppermint essential oil was used in this research. The aim of the work was to functionalize or to coat the surface of different materials (Ti6Al4V, Steel 316L) with different surface finishing (grinded, polished, and chemically-treated). The obtained samples were characterized by means of XPS, FTIR, Fluorescent microscope observations and tape test. These analyses highlighted the presence of grafted oil biomolecules, or of a coating, on all the substrates after the procedure of functionalization/coating with remarkable chemical stability (during soaking in water or washing with acid or basic solutions) and mechanical adhesion. The samples were also subjected to antibacterial tests selected in order to simulate non-implantable applications: the test showed a reduction of the adherent bacteria and their viability on coated surfaces. In conclusion, the research work shows the great potential of the use of essential oils for surface functionalization or coating of biomaterials to obtain enhanced antibacterial properties: according to the final application, different oils can be selected in order to obtain the desired effects.
Frontiers in physiology, 2018
Endothelial cells surround the lumen of blood vessels and modulate many physiological processes, ... more Endothelial cells surround the lumen of blood vessels and modulate many physiological processes, including vascular tone, blood fluidity, inflammation, immunity and neovascularization. Many pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, may alter endothelial function through oxidative stress, leading to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and to the onset of an inflammatory state. As widely shown in the last decade, dietary intervention could represent a good strategy to control endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In particular, extensive research in the field of antioxidant natural derivatives has been conducted. In this study, we evaluated the capability of Chamazulene (Cham), an azulene compound from chamomile essential oil, to attenuate ROS levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) stressed with either high glucose or HO. Cell viability at different concentrations of Cham was evaluated through the WST-1 assay, while ROS production acutely induced by High Gl...
Food Research International
Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally ... more Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes. The hydroalcoholic extracts of four wild edible Carduus species collected in Sardinia (Carduus argyroa Biv., Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Carduus cephalanthus Viv.) were analyzed and characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and PCR-RFLP of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the predominant classes of secondary metabolites characterizing the extracts. The ITS region was sequenced in parallel, and a PCR-RFLP method was applied with three selective restriction enzymes. Statistical analyses, on both chemical and biomolecular results, revealed that individuals clustered according to their taxonomic classification. The combination of the two techniques discriminates the four species within the genus, giving further information on these little-investigated plants, traditionally used in the Mediterranean area and in Sardinia.
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2007
The allelopathic effect of some benzoic acid (BA) OH- and OCH3-ring substituents was studied on c... more The allelopathic effect of some benzoic acid (BA) OH- and OCH3-ring substituents was studied on cucumber root transmembrane potential difference (Vm). Most of the methoxy-BAs induced a rapid Vm depolarization, followed by a Vm hyperpolarization, with the only exception for p-anisic acid (pA). On the other hand, salicylic acid (SA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DHB) strongly depolarized Vm. A positive correlation was found between Vm hyperpolarization and lipophilicity of methoxylated BAs, whereas a positive correlation was found between lipophilicity and Vm depolarization of hydroxylated BAs. The influence of BAs on K was studied by means of specific blocking with Cs indicating a possible direct interaction of SA, gallic acid (GA), vanillic acid (VA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DMB). Interference of BAs with the Vm hyperpolarizing effect of root perfusion with the fungal toxin fusicoccin were also observed.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 11263500312331351441, Nov 21, 2006
PloS one, 2012
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a li... more Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses.
Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance... more Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by root-associated microorganisms, although additional efforts are still required to exploit and optimize these strategies. Particularly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role as “bio-fertilizing microorganisms”, establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of most crops. In this work, different microbial inocula (a single AMF species, a combination of three different AMF species, a combination of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains and a more complex commercial inoculum) have been used to inoculate tomato plants (cv San Marzano nano), in order to verify their effects on the tolerance to a water deficit condition in pots, through the evaluation of biochemical stress markers and hormonal profiles (ABA and IAA). Results showed differences among tomato responses to water limitation depending on microbial inocula, confirmin...
Species from Cardueae tribe (Compositae), also known as thistles, are traditionally consumed for ... more Species from Cardueae tribe (Compositae), also known as thistles, are traditionally consumed for their taste and biological effects [1]. This work is focused on eight wild edible Cardueae species belonging to Carduus, Ptilostemon, Silybum and Onopordum genera, which are widespread in Sardinia where they are part of the traditional culinary culture [1,2]. Several individuals for each species were collected in different sites in Sardinia.The aim of this study is the valorization of the studied species, to obtain more information on poorly known herbs and to discriminate between closely related species. A combined approach was adopted, the Cardueae hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed and characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, at the same time, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) barcoding gene was amplified and sequences to find a useful molecular marker for the considered species. In agreement with literature data on other thistles, flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the predominant classes of secondary metabolites characterizing the extracts [3]. A nucleotide variation in the ITS region, among the different species, was also observed. Statistical analysis both on chemical and biomolecular results were carried out, revealing that individuals clustered according to taxonomic classification. Since the analyzed species were rich in interesting compounds, the potential inflammatory inhibition of the extracts, in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS), was evaluated. The two Onopordum species were the only able to reduce the TNFα-induced IL-8 release, in AGS cells. A targeted analysis on the main compounds present in the Onopordum extracts, revealed that caffeoylquinic acid derivatives contributed to the inhibition of the IL-8 release exerted by the extracts. This multidisciplinary approach gives chemical and biomolecular tools to discriminate between closely related species and useful information of their potential anti-inflammatory activity. These findings may support the traditional uses of these species. This could be an incentive in food consumption of these wild edible herbs and/or for the development of food supplements, functional foods or herbal medicinal products.
Antioxidants
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable i... more Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impac...
Antioxidants
Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediat... more Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention line...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of ... more Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration...
Scientific Reports
Roots have important roles for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, including sa... more Roots have important roles for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, including salt stress. Biostimulant application was shown to enhance plant resilience towards abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the effect of a tannin-based biostimulant on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under salt stress conditions. We investigated the related changes at both root architecture (via imaging and biometric analysis) and gene expression (RNA-Seq/qPCR) levels. Moreover, in order to identify the main compounds potentially involved in the observed effects, the chemical composition of the biostimulant was evaluated by UV/Vis and HPLC-ESI-Orbitrap analysis. Sixteen compounds, known to be involved in root development and having a potential antioxidant properties were identified. Significant increase of root weight (+ 24%) and length (+ 23%) was observed when the plants were grown under salt stress and treated with the biostimulant. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that the ...
Plants
Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a worldwide important legume crop, whose growth and yield are nega... more Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a worldwide important legume crop, whose growth and yield are negatively affected by heat stress at germination time. Here, we tested the role of a biostimulant based on lignin derivatives, plant-derived amino acids, and molybdenum in enhancing soybean heat stress tolerance when applied on seeds. After treatment with the biostimulant at 35 °C, the seed biometric parameters were positively influenced after 24 h, meanwhile, germination percentage was increased after 72 h (+10%). RNA-Seq analyses revealed a modulation of 879 genes (51 upregulated and 828 downregulated) in biostimulant-treated seeds as compared with the control, at 24 h after incubation at 35 °C. Surprisingly, more than 33% of upregulated genes encoded for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases and proteins involved in the ribosome assembly, acting in a specific protein network. Conversely, the downregulated genes were involved in stress response, hormone signaling, and primary metabolism...
Agriculture
In the past century, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as innovative... more In the past century, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as innovative and sustainable practice. Plant biostimulants have been mainly investigated as potential agents able to mitigate abiotic stress. However, few information is available about their ability to influence fruit quality or change fruit phytochemical composition. In particular, very little is known about their effects on anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Due to the increasing demand of consumers for healthier foods with high nutraceutical values, this review tries to fill the gap between anthocyanin content and biostimulant application. Here, we elucidate the chemical structure, biosynthetic pathway, plant distribution, and physiological role of anthocyanins in plants. Moreover, we discuss the potential implications for human health derived from the consumption of foods rich in these molecules. Finally, we report on literature data concerning the changes in anthocyanin content and profil...
Agriculture
Water deficit is one of the most problematic stressors worldwide. In this context, the use of bio... more Water deficit is one of the most problematic stressors worldwide. In this context, the use of biostimulants represents an increasingly ecological practice aimed to improve crop tolerance and mitigate the negative effects on the productivity. Here, the effect derived from the foliar application of ERANTHIS®®, a biostimulant based on seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria digitata) and yeast extracts, was tested on tomato plants grown under mild water-stress conditions. The potential stress mitigation action was evaluated by monitoring morphometric (fresh weight and dry matter content), physiological (stem water potential) and biochemical (ROS scavenger enzymes activity, proline, abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide and photosynthetic pigment content) parameters closely related to the occurrence and response to stress at both flowering and fruit-set timing. In general, we observed that plants grown under drought conditions and treated with the biostimulant had a lower amount of ABA, a...
Biomolecules
Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production an... more Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production and fruit quality, without resulting in environmental and food contaminations. Here, the effects of the application of Expando, a biostimulant based on seaweed and yeast extracts, on plant productivity, fruit ripening times, and fruit quality of Solanum lycopersicum var. Micro-Tom were evaluated. After biostimulant treatment, a two-week reduction of ripening times and a concomitant enhancement of the production percentage during the earliest ripening times, in terms of both fruit yield (+110%) and size (+85%), were observed. Concerning fruit quality, proximate analysis showed that tomatoes treated with the biostimulant had better nutritional composition compared to untreated samples, since both the quality of unsatured fatty acids (C16:3ω3: +328%; C18:2ω6: −23%) and micronutrients essential for human health (Fe: +14%; Cu: +21%; Zn: +24%) were increased. From a nutraceutical point of view, ...
Molecules
Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) and Annona atemoya (Atemoya) are tropical plants known for their edi... more Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) and Annona atemoya (Atemoya) are tropical plants known for their edible fruit. Scientific data suggest that their leaves, used in traditional medicine in the form of teas or infusions without evidence of toxicity, contain several bioactive compounds. However, only Annona muricata among all the Annona species is currently used in the nutraceutical field, and its dried leaves are marketed for tea preparation. In this work, we explored the nutraceutical potential of Atemoya and Cherimoya leaves, by evaluating their chemical profile and functional properties. Phytochemical analyses showed large amounts of phenolic compounds, in particular proanthocyanidins, and identified 18 compounds, either flavonoids or alkaloids. Concerning biological activity, we found antioxidative properties correlated with polyphenols, and antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines correlated with alkaloids. The obtained results demonstrate the potential use of Anno...
Planta Medica
Zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus... more Zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus is responsible for severe neurological effects, such as paralytic Guillain-Barrè syndrome, in adults, and also congenital malformations, especially microcephaly. No specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are currently available, and treatments are palliative, but medicinal plants show great potential as natural sources of anti-Zika phytochemicals. This study deals with the investigation of the composition, cytotoxicity, and anti-Zika activity of Punica granatum leaf ethanolic extract, fractions, and phytoconstituents. P. granatum leaves were collected from different areas in Italy and Greece in different seasons. Crude extracts were analyzed and fractionated, and the pure compounds were isolated. The phytochemical and biomolecular fingerprint of the pomegranate leaves was determined. The antiviral activities of the leaf extract, fractions, and compounds were investigated against the MR76...
Frontiers in Plant Science
Agronomy
Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance... more Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by root-associated microorganisms, although additional efforts are still required to exploit and optimize these strategies. Particularly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role as “bio-fertilizing microorganisms”, establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of most crops. In this work, different microbial inocula (a single AMF species, a combination of three different AMF species, a combination of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains and a more complex commercial inoculum) have been used to inoculate tomato plants (cv San Marzano nano), in order to verify their effects on the tolerance to a water deficit condition in pots, through the evaluation of biochemical stress markers and hormonal profiles (ABA and IAA). Results showed differences among tomato responses to water limitation depending on microbial inocula, confirmin...
Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference
Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacte... more Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of natural molecules with a great activity against bacteria, virus and fungi. Despite their wide use in folk medicine, their employment in medicine or in biomedical products is still scarce and there are only few studies in literature. Their antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties are of interest for the development of coatings or functionalization of implant surfaces, but also for non-implantable medical devices, with the advantage of a reduced bacterial contamination, without the risk of developing bacteria resistance. For a first attempt, a peppermint essential oil was used in this research. The aim of the work was to functionalize or to coat the surface of different materials (Ti6Al4V, Steel 316L) with different surface finishing (grinded, polished, and chemically-treated). The obtained samples were characterized by means of XPS, FTIR, Fluorescent microscope observations and tape test. These analyses highlighted the presence of grafted oil biomolecules, or of a coating, on all the substrates after the procedure of functionalization/coating with remarkable chemical stability (during soaking in water or washing with acid or basic solutions) and mechanical adhesion. The samples were also subjected to antibacterial tests selected in order to simulate non-implantable applications: the test showed a reduction of the adherent bacteria and their viability on coated surfaces. In conclusion, the research work shows the great potential of the use of essential oils for surface functionalization or coating of biomaterials to obtain enhanced antibacterial properties: according to the final application, different oils can be selected in order to obtain the desired effects.
Frontiers in physiology, 2018
Endothelial cells surround the lumen of blood vessels and modulate many physiological processes, ... more Endothelial cells surround the lumen of blood vessels and modulate many physiological processes, including vascular tone, blood fluidity, inflammation, immunity and neovascularization. Many pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, may alter endothelial function through oxidative stress, leading to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and to the onset of an inflammatory state. As widely shown in the last decade, dietary intervention could represent a good strategy to control endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In particular, extensive research in the field of antioxidant natural derivatives has been conducted. In this study, we evaluated the capability of Chamazulene (Cham), an azulene compound from chamomile essential oil, to attenuate ROS levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) stressed with either high glucose or HO. Cell viability at different concentrations of Cham was evaluated through the WST-1 assay, while ROS production acutely induced by High Gl...
Food Research International
Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally ... more Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes. The hydroalcoholic extracts of four wild edible Carduus species collected in Sardinia (Carduus argyroa Biv., Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Carduus cephalanthus Viv.) were analyzed and characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and PCR-RFLP of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the predominant classes of secondary metabolites characterizing the extracts. The ITS region was sequenced in parallel, and a PCR-RFLP method was applied with three selective restriction enzymes. Statistical analyses, on both chemical and biomolecular results, revealed that individuals clustered according to their taxonomic classification. The combination of the two techniques discriminates the four species within the genus, giving further information on these little-investigated plants, traditionally used in the Mediterranean area and in Sardinia.
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2007
The allelopathic effect of some benzoic acid (BA) OH- and OCH3-ring substituents was studied on c... more The allelopathic effect of some benzoic acid (BA) OH- and OCH3-ring substituents was studied on cucumber root transmembrane potential difference (Vm). Most of the methoxy-BAs induced a rapid Vm depolarization, followed by a Vm hyperpolarization, with the only exception for p-anisic acid (pA). On the other hand, salicylic acid (SA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DHB) strongly depolarized Vm. A positive correlation was found between Vm hyperpolarization and lipophilicity of methoxylated BAs, whereas a positive correlation was found between lipophilicity and Vm depolarization of hydroxylated BAs. The influence of BAs on K was studied by means of specific blocking with Cs indicating a possible direct interaction of SA, gallic acid (GA), vanillic acid (VA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DMB). Interference of BAs with the Vm hyperpolarizing effect of root perfusion with the fungal toxin fusicoccin were also observed.
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