Claire Card - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Claire Card

Research paper thumbnail of Responses of the Canadian colleges of veterinary medicine and the veterinary profession to recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A new way forward

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Cellular associations and the differential spermiogram: Making sense of stallion spermatozoal morphology

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of two oestrus synchronization regimens in eFSH-treated donor mares

The Veterinary Journal, 2011

Reliable methods for regulating oestrus and superovulation in equine embryo transfer (ET) program... more Reliable methods for regulating oestrus and superovulation in equine embryo transfer (ET) programs are desirable. The objective in this study was to compare two oestrus synchronization methods combined with equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment in an ET program. In the progesterone and estradiol-17β (P&E) group, mares (n=12) were given progesterone and estradiol-17β, daily for 10 days, followed by prostaglandin (PG)F(2α) on the last day. In the PG group, mares (n=12) were given PGF(2α) 5 days post-ovulation. In both groups donor mares were allocated to eFSH therapy, and were subsequently bred. Embryo recovery and transfer were performed routinely. The interval to ovulation (mean ± SEM, range) was not statistically different between donor mares in the P&E group (10.2±0.3, 9-12 days) and donor mares in the PG group (8.7±0.7, 4-12 days). Among donor mares, the synchrony of ovulations was higher following the P&E regimen (P<0.05); however, there was a tendency (P<0.06) for fewer ovulations than in the PG group (1.5±0.3 vs. 2.5±0.4 ovulations, respectively). Embryo recovery (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.4±0.3 embryo/recovery) and recipient pregnancy rate per transferred embryo (4/9, 44% vs. 4/15, 27%) were similar. It was concluded that the P&E regimen was more reliable for synchronization of oestrus in eFSH-treated mares but the fewer ovulations may curtail any advantage of this regimen.

Research paper thumbnail of Purification, partial characterization, and development of a specific radioimmunoassay for goat placental lactogen

Research paper thumbnail of Partial re-establishment of villous placentation after reduction of an equine co-twin by foetal cardiac puncture

Equine Veterinary Journal, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Early effects of equine FSH (eFSH) treatment on hormonal and reproductive parameters in mares intended to carry their own pregnancy

Animal Reproduction Science, 2009

Superovulatory treatment may potentially increase the embryo recovery rate and the per-cycle preg... more Superovulatory treatment may potentially increase the embryo recovery rate and the per-cycle pregnancy rate in normal or subfertile mares that are managed properly. However, some studies suggest a possible negative effect of superovulatory treatment on ovarian follicular maturation and embryo viability. Objectives of the present study were to investigate the early effects of eFSH treatment in reproductively normal mares in terms of: folliculogenesis, pregnancy rate, early embryonic development, reproductive tract parameters (tone and edema), and serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations. Reproductively sound mares (n=26) were evaluated daily by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. Five days after spontaneous ovulation, mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the eFSH group, mares (n=16 estrous cycles) were administered eFSH twice daily; beginning when a follicle > or =20mm was detected, and continuing until at least one follicle reached a diameter of > or =35 mm. PGF2alpha was administered 2 days following initiation of eFSH therapy, and hCG was administered approximately 36h after cessation of eFSH therapy. In the control group, mares (n=26 estrous cycles) were administered PGF2alpha 7 days after spontaneous ovulation, and hCG when a follicle > or =35 mm was detected. All mares were bred with fresh semen, monitored for ovulation (Day 0), and evaluated for pregnancy on Days 11-16. Serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations were analyzed using radioimmunoassay on the Day of hCG administration, and Days 8, 11 and 16. Mares treated with eFSH had more follicles > or =30 mm at the time of hCG administration (2.6+/-0.4 compared with 1.1+/-0.1; P<0.01), and more ovulations (2.3+/-0.5 compared with 1.1+/-0.3; P<0.01). However, pregnancy rates were not significantly different between groups (50%; 8/16 compared with 62%; 16/26). Mean overall daily growth rate of embryonic vesicles from Day 11 to 16 was not statistically different between the two groups (3.3+/-0.3 compared with 3.7+/-0.1 mm/day) (P=0.2); however, was more variable (P<0.01) in the eFSH group (95%CI: 2.6-3.8mm/day) than in the control group (95%CI: 3.5-3.9 mm/day). Administration of eFSH modified the reproductive tract variables and serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17beta on the days that oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development are expected to occur. These alterations may be related to the greater incidence of non-ovulatory follicles (25% compared with 0%), fewer embryos per ovulation rate (0.3+/-0.1 compared with 0.6+/-0.1), and the lesser than expected pregnancy rates in the eFSH-treated mares.

Research paper thumbnail of Reproductive performance of donor mares subsequent to eFSH treatment in early vernal transition: Comparison between the first, second, and mid-season estrous cycles of the breeding season

Animal Reproduction Science, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Expression of Oxytocin/Neurophysin I and Oxytocinase in the Equine Conceptus from Day 8 to Day 21 Post-Ovulation

Animals, 2022

Leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP/oxytocinase) is an enzyme that metabolizes oxytocin in ... more Leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP/oxytocinase) is an enzyme that metabolizes oxytocin in serum and tissues. The presence of oxytocin/neurophysin I (OXT), oxytocin and LNPEP and their relationship to other genes is unknown in the equine conceptus. Our objective was to characterize gene expression of LNPEP and OXT on D8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 21 conceptuses in relationship to other genes. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for identification of oxytocin and LNPEP in D15, 16 and 18 conceptuses. LNPEP was increased at D15 compared to D10, was immunolocalized in the equine trophectoderm and endoderm, and protein was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Maximal abundance of OXT was at D21, and lowest on D12 and D14, but no protein was identified. OXTR abundance was highest on D14 and D21. LNPEP was correlated with PTGFR and PTGES on D12 and D14–D15, and high expression of PTGES, PTGS2 was found on D14, D15 and D21; PT...

Research paper thumbnail of Improving Reproductive Efficiency : Hysterocopic and Deep Horn Insemination in the

Take Home Message Hysteroscopic insemination of the uterine tube and deep horn insemination are n... more Take Home Message Hysteroscopic insemination of the uterine tube and deep horn insemination are non-surgical assisted reproduction techniques that are used to breed mares with a reduced dose of semen. Pregnancy rates are highest when: appropriate doses of semen are used, fertile stallions are selected, mares resistant to endometritis are bred, and the procedures are performed quickly, cleanly, and atraumatically.

Research paper thumbnail of Endometrial cytology in mares bred with frozen semen

... Authors Card, C.; Carley, S.; Green, J.; Chirino-Trejo, M. Book chapter; Conference paper Pro... more ... Authors Card, C.; Carley, S.; Green, J.; Chirino-Trejo, M. Book chapter; Conference paper Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Denver, Colorado, USA, 4-8 December, 2004 2004 pp. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Folliculogenesis, Embryo Parameters, and Post-Transfer Recipient Pregnancy Rate in eFSH-Treated Donor Mares

Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment increases embryo-recovery rate in donor mare... more Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment increases embryo-recovery rate in donor mares. Recipient pregnancy rates per donor cycle were similar between eFSH-treated mares and non–eFSH-treated progesteroneand estradiol-synchronized donor mares. Authors’ address: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; e-mail: tal.raz@usask.ca (Raz). © 2006 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Primary hypothyroidism in mares from a herd affected with congenital hypothyroidism

Research paper thumbnail of Uterine inflammatory response to simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacteria in resistant mares

There is no synergistic or additive effect of simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacter... more There is no synergistic or additive effect of simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacteria on uterine inflammation in resistant mares at 72 h after infusion. Authors’ addresses: Department of Large Animals Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada (Hunter, Raz, Grey, Card); and Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada (Chirino-Trejo); e-mail: claire.card@usask.edu (Card). © 2006 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of prostaglandin in early diestrus or progesterone and estradiol administration on equine FSH-treated donor mare embryo recovery and recipient pregnancy rate

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Hysteroscopic Insemination of the Uterine Tube in the Mare

was found to be less than 2 French. The average volume required to fill a uterine tube was 0.3 ml... more was found to be less than 2 French. The average volume required to fill a uterine tube was 0.3 ml. Complete tracts (n 5 86) were classified as estrus, diestrus, transitional, or anestrus based on ovarian structures. The external appearance of the ostium (opening) was imaged by using an Olympus stereomicroscope a connected to a data-acquisition‐dataanalysis imaging program. b The mean diameter and area of the ostium were determined. A variability in the external morphology but not in the diameter (analysis of variance; p 5 0.25) or area ( p 5 0.39) of the uterine tube was observed, but it was unrelated to physiologic status (chi square; p 5 0.56). There were five main morphologic categories: papilla (36%), complex (32%), diffuse (17%), double ridge (11%), and other (4%). There was a withinmare variability in morphologic type. In the second experiment, 12 mixed-breed light horse mares were selected for a breeding trial based on the following: age (,8 years of age), good endometrial bi...

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships between utero-ovarian parameters and the ovulatory response to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in mares

Research paper thumbnail of Mares Susceptible or Resistant to Endometritis Have Similar Endometrial Echographic and Inflammatory Cell Reactions at 96 Hours After Infusion with Frozen Semen and Extender

Mares susceptible or resistant to endometritis have a similar mild endometrial inflammatory cell ... more Mares susceptible or resistant to endometritis have a similar mild endometrial inflammatory cell reaction after breeding with frozen semen or extender. Uterine ultrasonographic features posttreatment with frozen semen or extender were similar in resistant and susceptible mares, but fluid at 24 and 96 h was a risk factor for susceptibility after bacterial infection. After artificial insemination with frozen semen, mares that develop significant post-breeding inflammation are likely to have bacterial endometritis. Author’s address: Mount Vernon Veterinary Service, Bradshaw Rd, Mount Vernon, WA 98273; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Otto, Ball, Card); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal University Hospital, (Pierson), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada © 2002 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Social Determinants of Animal Health

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education

An understanding of the One Health and EcoHealth concepts by students is dependent on medical ped... more An understanding of the One Health and EcoHealth concepts by students is dependent on medical pedagogy and veterinary medical pedagogy having similarities that allow a common discourse. Medical pedagogy includes a focus on the social, political, and economic forces that affect human health, while this discourse is largely absent from veterinary medical pedagogy. There is, however, a gradient in health that human and animal populations experience. This health gradient in human populations, which runs from low to high according to the World Health Organization, is largely explained by “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.” 1 , 2 Regarding the human health gradient, other authors have broadened the list of conditions to include access to health care systems used to prevent disease and treat illness, and the distribution of power, money, and resources, which are shaped by social, economic, and political forces. 1 , 2 In human medicine, these conditions are...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the Glucosinolate Sinigrin in Combination With a Noniodine Supplemented Diet on Serum Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Nonpregnant Mares

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Research paper thumbnail of A Field Study of Serum, Colostrum, Milk Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Post-partum Draft Mares and Foals

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation... more Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation, and neonatal survival. There is a lack of robust information on iodine levels found in colostrum, milk, and serum of mares and foals after a healthy pregnancy. Our objective was to characterize colostrum, milk, and serum iodine levels in healthy postpartum mares and foals (n = 10) and explore relationships with thyroid hormone concentrations. Colostrum, milk, and jugular blood samples from draft breed mares and foals with an estimated average iodine daily intake of 39 mg per mare during pregnancy were obtained at Day 0 (foaling date) and/or 10 days later. Parameters studied were (1) mare basal concentrations of serum: TT3, TT4, and iodine; (2) iodine in colostrum at Day 0 and milk iodine (Day 10); and (3) foal basal: TT3, TT4, and serum iodine (Days 0 and 10). Median ± median error colostrum iodine levels (165 ± 15.1 μg/L) were higher than milk (48 ± 5.6 μg/L; P = .007) levels. Median ± median error foal serum iodine (268.5 ± 7.6 μg/L), TT4 (1,225 ± 47.8 nmol/L), and TT3 (14.2 ± 1.1 nmol/L) at foaling date were higher than at 10 days (serum iodine: 70 ± 3.6 μg/L; TT4: 69.6. ± 20.4 nmol/L; and TT3: 5.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L). In conclusion, equine mammary tissue concentrates iodine beyond plasma levels, making colostrum and milk a significant source of iodine. Foal serum iodine levels are high in the neonatal period and are positively correlated with TT4, which is important for neonatal adaptation.

Research paper thumbnail of Responses of the Canadian colleges of veterinary medicine and the veterinary profession to recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A new way forward

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Cellular associations and the differential spermiogram: Making sense of stallion spermatozoal morphology

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of two oestrus synchronization regimens in eFSH-treated donor mares

The Veterinary Journal, 2011

Reliable methods for regulating oestrus and superovulation in equine embryo transfer (ET) program... more Reliable methods for regulating oestrus and superovulation in equine embryo transfer (ET) programs are desirable. The objective in this study was to compare two oestrus synchronization methods combined with equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment in an ET program. In the progesterone and estradiol-17β (P&E) group, mares (n=12) were given progesterone and estradiol-17β, daily for 10 days, followed by prostaglandin (PG)F(2α) on the last day. In the PG group, mares (n=12) were given PGF(2α) 5 days post-ovulation. In both groups donor mares were allocated to eFSH therapy, and were subsequently bred. Embryo recovery and transfer were performed routinely. The interval to ovulation (mean ± SEM, range) was not statistically different between donor mares in the P&E group (10.2±0.3, 9-12 days) and donor mares in the PG group (8.7±0.7, 4-12 days). Among donor mares, the synchrony of ovulations was higher following the P&E regimen (P<0.05); however, there was a tendency (P<0.06) for fewer ovulations than in the PG group (1.5±0.3 vs. 2.5±0.4 ovulations, respectively). Embryo recovery (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.4±0.3 embryo/recovery) and recipient pregnancy rate per transferred embryo (4/9, 44% vs. 4/15, 27%) were similar. It was concluded that the P&E regimen was more reliable for synchronization of oestrus in eFSH-treated mares but the fewer ovulations may curtail any advantage of this regimen.

Research paper thumbnail of Purification, partial characterization, and development of a specific radioimmunoassay for goat placental lactogen

Research paper thumbnail of Partial re-establishment of villous placentation after reduction of an equine co-twin by foetal cardiac puncture

Equine Veterinary Journal, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Early effects of equine FSH (eFSH) treatment on hormonal and reproductive parameters in mares intended to carry their own pregnancy

Animal Reproduction Science, 2009

Superovulatory treatment may potentially increase the embryo recovery rate and the per-cycle preg... more Superovulatory treatment may potentially increase the embryo recovery rate and the per-cycle pregnancy rate in normal or subfertile mares that are managed properly. However, some studies suggest a possible negative effect of superovulatory treatment on ovarian follicular maturation and embryo viability. Objectives of the present study were to investigate the early effects of eFSH treatment in reproductively normal mares in terms of: folliculogenesis, pregnancy rate, early embryonic development, reproductive tract parameters (tone and edema), and serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations. Reproductively sound mares (n=26) were evaluated daily by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. Five days after spontaneous ovulation, mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the eFSH group, mares (n=16 estrous cycles) were administered eFSH twice daily; beginning when a follicle > or =20mm was detected, and continuing until at least one follicle reached a diameter of > or =35 mm. PGF2alpha was administered 2 days following initiation of eFSH therapy, and hCG was administered approximately 36h after cessation of eFSH therapy. In the control group, mares (n=26 estrous cycles) were administered PGF2alpha 7 days after spontaneous ovulation, and hCG when a follicle > or =35 mm was detected. All mares were bred with fresh semen, monitored for ovulation (Day 0), and evaluated for pregnancy on Days 11-16. Serum estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations were analyzed using radioimmunoassay on the Day of hCG administration, and Days 8, 11 and 16. Mares treated with eFSH had more follicles > or =30 mm at the time of hCG administration (2.6+/-0.4 compared with 1.1+/-0.1; P<0.01), and more ovulations (2.3+/-0.5 compared with 1.1+/-0.3; P<0.01). However, pregnancy rates were not significantly different between groups (50%; 8/16 compared with 62%; 16/26). Mean overall daily growth rate of embryonic vesicles from Day 11 to 16 was not statistically different between the two groups (3.3+/-0.3 compared with 3.7+/-0.1 mm/day) (P=0.2); however, was more variable (P<0.01) in the eFSH group (95%CI: 2.6-3.8mm/day) than in the control group (95%CI: 3.5-3.9 mm/day). Administration of eFSH modified the reproductive tract variables and serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17beta on the days that oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development are expected to occur. These alterations may be related to the greater incidence of non-ovulatory follicles (25% compared with 0%), fewer embryos per ovulation rate (0.3+/-0.1 compared with 0.6+/-0.1), and the lesser than expected pregnancy rates in the eFSH-treated mares.

Research paper thumbnail of Reproductive performance of donor mares subsequent to eFSH treatment in early vernal transition: Comparison between the first, second, and mid-season estrous cycles of the breeding season

Animal Reproduction Science, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Expression of Oxytocin/Neurophysin I and Oxytocinase in the Equine Conceptus from Day 8 to Day 21 Post-Ovulation

Animals, 2022

Leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP/oxytocinase) is an enzyme that metabolizes oxytocin in ... more Leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP/oxytocinase) is an enzyme that metabolizes oxytocin in serum and tissues. The presence of oxytocin/neurophysin I (OXT), oxytocin and LNPEP and their relationship to other genes is unknown in the equine conceptus. Our objective was to characterize gene expression of LNPEP and OXT on D8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 21 conceptuses in relationship to other genes. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for identification of oxytocin and LNPEP in D15, 16 and 18 conceptuses. LNPEP was increased at D15 compared to D10, was immunolocalized in the equine trophectoderm and endoderm, and protein was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Maximal abundance of OXT was at D21, and lowest on D12 and D14, but no protein was identified. OXTR abundance was highest on D14 and D21. LNPEP was correlated with PTGFR and PTGES on D12 and D14–D15, and high expression of PTGES, PTGS2 was found on D14, D15 and D21; PT...

Research paper thumbnail of Improving Reproductive Efficiency : Hysterocopic and Deep Horn Insemination in the

Take Home Message Hysteroscopic insemination of the uterine tube and deep horn insemination are n... more Take Home Message Hysteroscopic insemination of the uterine tube and deep horn insemination are non-surgical assisted reproduction techniques that are used to breed mares with a reduced dose of semen. Pregnancy rates are highest when: appropriate doses of semen are used, fertile stallions are selected, mares resistant to endometritis are bred, and the procedures are performed quickly, cleanly, and atraumatically.

Research paper thumbnail of Endometrial cytology in mares bred with frozen semen

... Authors Card, C.; Carley, S.; Green, J.; Chirino-Trejo, M. Book chapter; Conference paper Pro... more ... Authors Card, C.; Carley, S.; Green, J.; Chirino-Trejo, M. Book chapter; Conference paper Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Denver, Colorado, USA, 4-8 December, 2004 2004 pp. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Folliculogenesis, Embryo Parameters, and Post-Transfer Recipient Pregnancy Rate in eFSH-Treated Donor Mares

Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment increases embryo-recovery rate in donor mare... more Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment increases embryo-recovery rate in donor mares. Recipient pregnancy rates per donor cycle were similar between eFSH-treated mares and non–eFSH-treated progesteroneand estradiol-synchronized donor mares. Authors’ address: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; e-mail: tal.raz@usask.ca (Raz). © 2006 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Primary hypothyroidism in mares from a herd affected with congenital hypothyroidism

Research paper thumbnail of Uterine inflammatory response to simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacteria in resistant mares

There is no synergistic or additive effect of simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacter... more There is no synergistic or additive effect of simultaneous treatment with frozen semen and bacteria on uterine inflammation in resistant mares at 72 h after infusion. Authors’ addresses: Department of Large Animals Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada (Hunter, Raz, Grey, Card); and Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada (Chirino-Trejo); e-mail: claire.card@usask.edu (Card). © 2006 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of prostaglandin in early diestrus or progesterone and estradiol administration on equine FSH-treated donor mare embryo recovery and recipient pregnancy rate

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Hysteroscopic Insemination of the Uterine Tube in the Mare

was found to be less than 2 French. The average volume required to fill a uterine tube was 0.3 ml... more was found to be less than 2 French. The average volume required to fill a uterine tube was 0.3 ml. Complete tracts (n 5 86) were classified as estrus, diestrus, transitional, or anestrus based on ovarian structures. The external appearance of the ostium (opening) was imaged by using an Olympus stereomicroscope a connected to a data-acquisition‐dataanalysis imaging program. b The mean diameter and area of the ostium were determined. A variability in the external morphology but not in the diameter (analysis of variance; p 5 0.25) or area ( p 5 0.39) of the uterine tube was observed, but it was unrelated to physiologic status (chi square; p 5 0.56). There were five main morphologic categories: papilla (36%), complex (32%), diffuse (17%), double ridge (11%), and other (4%). There was a withinmare variability in morphologic type. In the second experiment, 12 mixed-breed light horse mares were selected for a breeding trial based on the following: age (,8 years of age), good endometrial bi...

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships between utero-ovarian parameters and the ovulatory response to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in mares

Research paper thumbnail of Mares Susceptible or Resistant to Endometritis Have Similar Endometrial Echographic and Inflammatory Cell Reactions at 96 Hours After Infusion with Frozen Semen and Extender

Mares susceptible or resistant to endometritis have a similar mild endometrial inflammatory cell ... more Mares susceptible or resistant to endometritis have a similar mild endometrial inflammatory cell reaction after breeding with frozen semen or extender. Uterine ultrasonographic features posttreatment with frozen semen or extender were similar in resistant and susceptible mares, but fluid at 24 and 96 h was a risk factor for susceptibility after bacterial infection. After artificial insemination with frozen semen, mares that develop significant post-breeding inflammation are likely to have bacterial endometritis. Author’s address: Mount Vernon Veterinary Service, Bradshaw Rd, Mount Vernon, WA 98273; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Otto, Ball, Card); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal University Hospital, (Pierson), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada © 2002 AAEP.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the Social Determinants of Animal Health

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education

An understanding of the One Health and EcoHealth concepts by students is dependent on medical ped... more An understanding of the One Health and EcoHealth concepts by students is dependent on medical pedagogy and veterinary medical pedagogy having similarities that allow a common discourse. Medical pedagogy includes a focus on the social, political, and economic forces that affect human health, while this discourse is largely absent from veterinary medical pedagogy. There is, however, a gradient in health that human and animal populations experience. This health gradient in human populations, which runs from low to high according to the World Health Organization, is largely explained by “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.” 1 , 2 Regarding the human health gradient, other authors have broadened the list of conditions to include access to health care systems used to prevent disease and treat illness, and the distribution of power, money, and resources, which are shaped by social, economic, and political forces. 1 , 2 In human medicine, these conditions are...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of the Glucosinolate Sinigrin in Combination With a Noniodine Supplemented Diet on Serum Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Nonpregnant Mares

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Research paper thumbnail of A Field Study of Serum, Colostrum, Milk Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Post-partum Draft Mares and Foals

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation... more Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation, and neonatal survival. There is a lack of robust information on iodine levels found in colostrum, milk, and serum of mares and foals after a healthy pregnancy. Our objective was to characterize colostrum, milk, and serum iodine levels in healthy postpartum mares and foals (n = 10) and explore relationships with thyroid hormone concentrations. Colostrum, milk, and jugular blood samples from draft breed mares and foals with an estimated average iodine daily intake of 39 mg per mare during pregnancy were obtained at Day 0 (foaling date) and/or 10 days later. Parameters studied were (1) mare basal concentrations of serum: TT3, TT4, and iodine; (2) iodine in colostrum at Day 0 and milk iodine (Day 10); and (3) foal basal: TT3, TT4, and serum iodine (Days 0 and 10). Median ± median error colostrum iodine levels (165 ± 15.1 μg/L) were higher than milk (48 ± 5.6 μg/L; P = .007) levels. Median ± median error foal serum iodine (268.5 ± 7.6 μg/L), TT4 (1,225 ± 47.8 nmol/L), and TT3 (14.2 ± 1.1 nmol/L) at foaling date were higher than at 10 days (serum iodine: 70 ± 3.6 μg/L; TT4: 69.6. ± 20.4 nmol/L; and TT3: 5.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L). In conclusion, equine mammary tissue concentrates iodine beyond plasma levels, making colostrum and milk a significant source of iodine. Foal serum iodine levels are high in the neonatal period and are positively correlated with TT4, which is important for neonatal adaptation.