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Papers by Clara Ruiz
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015
Removal of diesel from spiked kaolin has been studied in the laboratory using an innovative techn... more Removal of diesel from spiked kaolin has been studied in the laboratory using an innovative technology coupling electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) and biological permeable reactive barriers (Bio-PRBs). Development of the Bio-PRB was done using a culture of active sludge from an urban WWTP and clean kaolin soil as support. Bio-PRB was placed in the middle point of the soil section submitted to an electric field (1 V•cm-1). This is the farthest point to the electrodic wells and the influence of the strong pH variations that can make unviable the biological degradation process is minimum. Using this configuration, after two weeks of operation, 30% of diesel is removed with an energy consumption under 70 kWh•m-3. Highlights Pollutant biological degradation process in a Bio-PRB can be improved using EKSF. The location of the Bio-PRB is the most important key for the best performance of the microorganisms. 2 With an energy consumption under 70 kWh•m-3 , 30% of the diesel pollution is removed from the clay soil.
Background This work aims to describe the removal of a model anion (nitrate) from clay soils usin... more Background This work aims to describe the removal of a model anion (nitrate) from clay soils using electrokinetically assisted soil flushing coupled with permeable reactive barriers consisting of beds of anion exchange resin and to assess the influence of the electric field on the efficiency of this technology. Results Experiments have been carried out at the bench scale with spiked soil using electric fields ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 V•cm-1. Results show that removal of nitrates with this remediation technology is very efficient. About 90% of the nitrates contained in the soil can be removed in less than 1 week of operation with energy consumptions below 75 kWh•m-3 , being worth operating an electric field of 1.2 V•cm-1 because no improvements are found operating at higher voltage fields. 2 Conclusions There is a great effectiveness of the technology for the removal of nitrates, making it very promising for the removal of anionic pollutants from soils. The main path of change observed is the direction from anode to cathode. Dispersion in the axial direction is very small.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014
In this work, it is studied the removal of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) from synthetic polluted so... more In this work, it is studied the removal of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) from synthetic polluted soils using Electrokinetic Soil Flushing (EKSF) assisted with a Granular Activated Carbon-Permeable Reactive Barrier (GAC-PBR). Polluted soils consist of spiked kaolin and they were obtained by direct mixing of kaolin with a 200 mg dm-3 TCP solution. Remediation tests were carried out at bench-scale setups. Results obtained shows that EKSF assisted with GAC-PBR is a very efficient technology for the removal of TCP from soils. Electric field applied is a very important parameter influencing greatly on the progress of the removal for a given remediation period and on the efficiency of the removal. Under optimized conditions, one week-long remediation test attained removals higher than 80% with energy consumptions below 200 kWh m-3. Effects of electric field on temperature and TCP profiles have also been assessed in this work and explained in terms of ohmic drops and electrokinetic processes.
Chemical engineering transactions, 2014
Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Casti... more Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Chemical Engineering Department. Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA). University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Department of Civil Building Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain *Corresponding author: manuel.rodrigo@uclm.es
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015
Removal of diesel from spiked kaolin has been studied in the laboratory using an innovative techn... more Removal of diesel from spiked kaolin has been studied in the laboratory using an innovative technology coupling electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) and biological permeable reactive barriers (Bio-PRBs). Development of the Bio-PRB was done using a culture of active sludge from an urban WWTP and clean kaolin soil as support. Bio-PRB was placed in the middle point of the soil section submitted to an electric field (1 V•cm-1). This is the farthest point to the electrodic wells and the influence of the strong pH variations that can make unviable the biological degradation process is minimum. Using this configuration, after two weeks of operation, 30% of diesel is removed with an energy consumption under 70 kWh•m-3. Highlights Pollutant biological degradation process in a Bio-PRB can be improved using EKSF. The location of the Bio-PRB is the most important key for the best performance of the microorganisms. 2 With an energy consumption under 70 kWh•m-3 , 30% of the diesel pollution is removed from the clay soil.
Background This work aims to describe the removal of a model anion (nitrate) from clay soils usin... more Background This work aims to describe the removal of a model anion (nitrate) from clay soils using electrokinetically assisted soil flushing coupled with permeable reactive barriers consisting of beds of anion exchange resin and to assess the influence of the electric field on the efficiency of this technology. Results Experiments have been carried out at the bench scale with spiked soil using electric fields ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 V•cm-1. Results show that removal of nitrates with this remediation technology is very efficient. About 90% of the nitrates contained in the soil can be removed in less than 1 week of operation with energy consumptions below 75 kWh•m-3 , being worth operating an electric field of 1.2 V•cm-1 because no improvements are found operating at higher voltage fields. 2 Conclusions There is a great effectiveness of the technology for the removal of nitrates, making it very promising for the removal of anionic pollutants from soils. The main path of change observed is the direction from anode to cathode. Dispersion in the axial direction is very small.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014
In this work, it is studied the removal of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) from synthetic polluted so... more In this work, it is studied the removal of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) from synthetic polluted soils using Electrokinetic Soil Flushing (EKSF) assisted with a Granular Activated Carbon-Permeable Reactive Barrier (GAC-PBR). Polluted soils consist of spiked kaolin and they were obtained by direct mixing of kaolin with a 200 mg dm-3 TCP solution. Remediation tests were carried out at bench-scale setups. Results obtained shows that EKSF assisted with GAC-PBR is a very efficient technology for the removal of TCP from soils. Electric field applied is a very important parameter influencing greatly on the progress of the removal for a given remediation period and on the efficiency of the removal. Under optimized conditions, one week-long remediation test attained removals higher than 80% with energy consumptions below 200 kWh m-3. Effects of electric field on temperature and TCP profiles have also been assessed in this work and explained in terms of ohmic drops and electrokinetic processes.
Chemical engineering transactions, 2014
Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Casti... more Chemical Engineering Department. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology. University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Chemical Engineering Department. Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA). University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Department of Civil Building Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain *Corresponding author: manuel.rodrigo@uclm.es