Clive Seligman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Clive Seligman

Journal of Environmental Systems, 1990

Previous research has failed to find a significant correlation between attitudes and water consum... more Previous research has failed to find a significant correlation between attitudes and water consumption. We believe this result has occurred because the earlier studies measured attitudes during drought conditions and used selfreport measures that are unreliable. The present research studied a sample of 333 households in Perth, Australia, measured the homeowners' attitudes during a drought-free period, and collected actual, household water consumption data for an entire year. The results showed that attitudes pertaining to the importance of the garden as a house investment and a source of recreation were significant predictors of water use, as were homeowners' attitudes toward the current cost of water. The results are consistent with other research that shows that specific attitudes are correlated with resource consumption. The respondents' attitudes toward the economic implications of their water consumption were discussed with regard to conservation appeals.

Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 1992

To assess sex discrimination in university salary allocation accurately, one must determine wheth... more To assess sex discrimination in university salary allocation accurately, one must determine whether gender explains the salary difference in and of itself, or exerts its influence through other variables, such as rank and departmental affiliation, that themselves affect salary and may correlate with gender. Using members of the Faculty of Social Science (N = 133) of a large Canadian university as a case sample, we assessed gender discrimination in promotion and gender differences in departmental affiliation as related to salary before including these two variables in statistical analyses predicting salary. No evidence was found for discrimination in promotion and women were not morie under-represented in the higher-salaried departments. Several regression models recommended in the literature for assessing gender discrimination in salaries were conducted and yielded convergent findings : male and female faculty similar on salary-relevant variables were equivalently paid. While these ...

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, 1978

A great deal of psychological research has suggested that giving immediate feedback to an individ... more A great deal of psychological research has suggested that giving immediate feedback to an individual on the effects of his actions enables him better to control his actions. The application of this idea to the reduction of energy consumption is clear. In general homeowners are motivated by cost and other pressures to reduce their home energy consumption. Therefore, if they are given daily feedback on their actual energy consumption, this ought to enable them to better control their consumption rates. Why should feedback have this effect? First, since most homeowners are unaware of the amount of energy they use (the monthly utility bill is not clear or detailed enough to be very helpful), feedback provides information about energy usage. Second, frequent feedback indicates the success of various attempted conservation strategies; it can lead the homeowner to discover and to maintain conservation habits.

Contents: Preface. S. Schwartz, Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Va... more Contents: Preface. S. Schwartz, Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Value Systems. P.E. Tetlock, R.S. Peterson, J.S. Lerner, Revising the Value Pluralism Model: Incorporating Social Content and Context Postulates. C. Seligman, A.N. Katz, The Dynamics of Value Systems. C.M. Kristiansen, A.M. Hotte, Morality and the Self: Implications for the When and How of Value-Attitude-Behavior Relations. S.L. Murray, G. Haddock, M.P. Zanna, On Creating Value-Expressive Attitudes: An Experimental Approach. L.R. Kahle, Social Values and Consumer Behavior: Research from the List of Values. M. Biernat, T.K. Vescio, S.A. Theno, C.S. Crandall, Values and Prejudice: Toward Understanding the Impact of American Values on Outgroup Attitudes. J. Lydon, Toward a Theory of Commitment. N.T. Feather, Values, Deservingness, and Attitudes Toward High Achievers: Research on Tall Poppies. M.J. Rohan, M.P. Zanna, Value Transmission in Families. S.J. Ball-Rokeach, W.E. Loges, Making Choices: Media Roles in the Construction of Value-Choices. D. Baer, J. Curtis, E. Grabb, W. Johnston, What Values Do People Prefer in Children? A Comparative Analysis of Survey Evidence From Fifteen Countries.

Social Psychological Applications to Social Issues, 1990

“In the middle of the 20th century, we saw our planet from space for the first time. Historians m... more “In the middle of the 20th century, we saw our planet from space for the first time. Historians may eventually find that this vision had a greater impact on thought than did the Copernican revolution of the 16th century, which upset the human self-image by revealing that the Earth is not the center of the universe. From space, we see a small and fragile ball dominated not by human activity and edifice but by a pattern of clouds, oceans, greenery, and soils. Humanity’s inability to fit its doings into that pattern is changing planetary systems, fundamentally. Many such changes are accompanied by life-threatening hazards. This new reality, from which there is no escape, must be recognized—and managed.” (Our Common Future: The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED, 1987, p. 1).

The Counseling Psychologist, 1993

Journal of Social Issues, 1989

Initially, planning was seen as a rational process, involving the application of objective method... more Initially, planning was seen as a rational process, involving the application of objective methods and data to issues of environmental policy. More recently, the dynamic nature of the planning process has been acknowledged. We argue it is better viewed as an interaction among the planner, the formal political process, and the diverse and often competing interests of various groups in the community. We discuss the implications of this view of planning for planners and psychologists. We then present a case study of water demand management that illustrates how psychologists can contribute to the planning process. Finally, an overview of this journal issue is presented that highlights the major points of each article. This issue is published in the 21st year after the publication of Hardin's (1968) "Tragedy of the Commons." In this seminal article, Hardin described what seems the quintessential environmental problem. Each villager is allowed to graze all his sheep on the commons. Given the limited grazing area, it is logical and individually economically optimal for each villager to place as many sheep on the commons as possible. If one does not, neighbors will. But if every

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984

Studied the role of affect as a mediator of the overjustification effect and proposed that negati... more Studied the role of affect as a mediator of the overjustification effect and proposed that negative affect has a critical detrimental influence on intrinsic motivation, either as a reaction derived from self-perception and evaluation processes or as a factor that acts independently of these cognitive activities. Two studies, with 180 undergraduates, used the typical overjustification paradigm to test these hypotheses.

Evaluation and Program Planning, 1980

Many utility companies offer their customers the choice ofparticipution in an averagepayment plan... more Many utility companies offer their customers the choice ofparticipution in an averagepayment plan, which enables them to pay a fixed sum for their utility bill each month (with fir&settle-men& at the end of the b~iI~ng year), ~nsteud of the c#nver~t~~na~ "pay as you go" billing procedure. Because customers on average payment plans are protectedfrom paying large bi#s during peak energy-use seasons and because the inf~rn~at~on about month fy energy use and its cost &perhaps fess saIienf to them, it was hypothesized that customers on the averagepayment~~a~ would use m@re electricity than customers not on the plan. Using a n~ne~~~va~ent c~ntr~~gr~M~ design, the electricity consumption of a seiection of customers of two utility companies (Ns = 475 and 74) was examined. The results showed that there was no evidence to support the hypothesis. Since the iogic af hypothesis testing does not permit the read-v acceptante of the nuN hypothesis, severalprocedura~, rneth~dQ~~g~ca~, andstatistica~points were made to buttress the c~ncfusi~n that the average payment plans had no effect on electricity consumption.

Environment and Planning A, 1991

The attitudinal determinants of intention to participate in planning for water allocation were as... more The attitudinal determinants of intention to participate in planning for water allocation were assessed among residents of Jandakot, Western Australia. An expectancy-value attitudinal model was developed to assess the relationship between intention to participate and (a) attitudes towards the process of public involvement, (b) subjective norms, and (c) attitudes towards possible outcomes of involvement. It was hypothesised that other attitudinal variables associated with intention to participate would be mediated through these variables. The model was tested against alternative explanatory variables including centrality, self efficacy, political efficacy, and moral norms. Regression analyses indicated that behavioural intention was best predicted by centrality, attitudes towards the process, and subjective norms. Thus the model was not wholly supported. The results are discussed in terms of the development of the theory of centrality and the roles of process and outcome in the evalu...

Advances in consumer research, 1983

ABSTRACT-The present study employed the Fishbein-Ajzen model of attitudes z behavior to predict h... more ABSTRACT-The present study employed the Fishbein-Ajzen model of attitudes z behavior to predict household energy consumption. Forty-eight couples answered a questionnaire about their attitudes toward energy consumption, and their intentions of consuming energy ...

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 2011

American Journal of Sociology, 1977

Energy and Buildings, 1978

This article outlines some of the research conducted by social psychologists to reduce residentia... more This article outlines some of the research conducted by social psychologists to reduce residential energy consumption. T h e results of two attitudinal surveys demonstrated that homeowners' summer electricity consump tion could be predicted from their energy-related attitudes. Personal comfort and health concerns were the best predictors o f consumption. Psychologically derived .techniques t o reduce summer electricity consumption were experimentally examined in three separate studies. In study 1 , almost daily consumption feedback was found to reduce electricity usage 10.5%. In study 2, subjects receiving frequent feedback, who were also asked to adopt a difficult conservation goal, reduced their electricity consumption 13.0%. In study 3, a device that signaled homeowners when they could cool their houses without air conditioning by opening their windows led to a reduction in consumption of 15.7%. It was concluded that the resident can play an important role in energy conservation that complements engineering solutions.

Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from... more Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.