Cosmas Nwankwo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cosmas Nwankwo

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ecological Marketing on Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria

IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development), Jul 31, 2023

The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is ir... more The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is irrational in a way that has led to many businesses, especially SMEs, collapsing early in their existence. In this study, the survival of SMEs in the state of Anambra was examined in relation to ecological marketing. Descriptive survey methodology was used in the study. All SMEs in Anambra State make up the study's population, and 384 people were chosen for the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. As a result, respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used included multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. Technology, sociocultural factors, and economic factors all had a positive and significant impact on the study's findings regarding the survival of SMEs. However, in Anambra State, political factors have a significant and detrimental impact on SMEs' ability to survive. In light of this, the study came to the conclusion that ecological marketing significantly affects SMEs' ability to survive in Anambra State, Nigeria. Additionally, it claimed that businesses are on the verge of extinction if they don't recognise and act quickly on the new trends and problems in their environment. However, this study recommended strengthening the regulatory framework as well as providing adequate infrastructure facilities for SMEs to survive in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of UNDERSTANDING THREE TECHNIQUES AND PITFALLS IN WRITING DISCUSSION CHAPTER IN A PhD

Without techniques, doctoral students struggle to write a good discussion chapter in a thesis. Th... more Without techniques, doctoral students struggle to write a good discussion chapter in a thesis. This conceptual paper aims to educate and sensitise current and prospective doctoral research students on the use of the techniques of the inverted cone and three-part stages, Yang and Allison's (2003) moves and steps model, and divide and conquer tactics by Sanlı, Erdem and Tefik (2013) in writing the discussion chapter. The paper underscores that the inverted cone is helpful in not only organising structure and content but also clarifying and sustaining the logical nexus of the Discussion with the Introduction chapter. The seven moves and steps model provides a basic schematic structure that guides the discussion chapter's writing. Lastly, the divide and conquer tactics help determine the order of importance of the results and systematically construct the coherent logic of introducing, interpreting, evaluating and concluding each finding in a study. Pitfalls to avoid in writing a discussion chapter are highlighted. The paper concludes that clarifying how a study has progressed the readers` understanding of the research problem forward from where they were left at the end of the Introduction and stretching the frontier of knowledge is core to a discussion chapter. The paper recommends supervisor and institutional writing support, which is pragmatic and discipline-specific for doctoral students, especially at the time of writing the discussion chapter. An integrative checklist for a Discussion chapter is proposed in this paper.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurial marketing: Exploring its place in social enterprises

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478)

The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, i... more The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, individuals, and other supportive agencies. Much of this neglect could be attributed to the failure to adopt suitable business model/entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the many challenges these enterprises face. This paper aims to evaluate extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for social enterprises. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals. Eight core dimensions were adapted from existing models: social innovativeness, social proactiveness, socially calculated risk-taking, social resources leveraging, social customer intensity, social value creation, social market sense, and social alliance. Based on these dimensions, a new and all-inclusive model of SEM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to social enterprises would significantly promote inno...

Research paper thumbnail of Customer Experience Management: Analysis of Customer Retention in Restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria

Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations

This study examined the effect of customer experience management (CEM) on customer retention in r... more This study examined the effect of customer experience management (CEM) on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the influence of affective customer experience, cognitive customer experience, physical customer experience and social-identity customer experience on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research method. The study found that affective customer experience, cognitive customer experience, physical customer experience and social-identity customer experiences have a significant effect on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. Based on the foregoing, the study concluded that CEM had a significant effect on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study recommended, amongst others, that management of restaurants should deliberately focus on humanic clues in terms of providing a conducive environment, especially one ...

Research paper thumbnail of Market-Driving Orientation (MDO) and the Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Critical Understanding of Existing Entrepreneurial Marketing Models: 2002 – 2022

Foundations of Management

With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have d... more With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have developed entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that are aimed at reducing the failure frequently experienced. The aim of this paper is to critically review the different EM models from 2002 to 2022. In pursuit of this aim, the paper reviewed 10 EM models to find out their strengths and shortfalls. The review found that some research constructs such as market sensing and teamwork, which were ignored, were identified as posing a significant contribution to business survival in the integrative EM model. The paper concludes that since different EM models have been developed to reduce the consistent failure of business, efforts should be intensified towards adopting the integrative EM model to measure its applicability in other sectors as well as to have a unified and acceptable EM model that will grow and sustain SMEs.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ecological Marketing on Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria

Journal of Economic and Social Development, 2023

The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is ir... more The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is irrational in a way that has led to many businesses, especially SMEs, collapsing early in their existence. In this study, the survival of SMEs in the state of Anambra was examined in relation to ecological marketing. Descriptive survey methodology was used in the study. All SMEs in Anambra State make up the study's population, and 384 people were chosen for the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. As a result, respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used included multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. Technology, sociocultural factors, and economic factors all had a positive and significant impact on the study's findings regarding the survival of SMEs. However, in Anambra State, political factors have a significant and detrimental impact on SMEs' ability to survive. In light of this, the study came to the conclusion that ecological marketing significantly affects SMEs' ability to survive in Anambra State, Nigeria. Additionally, it claimed that businesses are on the verge of extinction if they don't recognise and act quickly on the new trends and problems in their environment. However, this study recommended strengthening the regulatory framework as well as providing adequate infrastructure facilities for SMEs to survive in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Customer Relationship Management and Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Journal of Economic and Social Development, 2023

Many firms, especially manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), have ignored the need f... more Many firms, especially manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), have ignored the need for good customer relationship management (CRM), which has caused many customer losses. This study examines the effect of CRM on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. This quantitative study adopted a positivistic paradigm and a survey research method. The population of the study was the owner and managers of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was adopted for data collected from owners and managers of manufacturing SMEs. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and other statistics were used to analyse the data. The study found that customer orientation has a more significant and positive effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs, followed by service quality and customer service. At the same time, complaint handling significantly and negatively affects manufacturing SMEs' survival. The study concluded that CRM significantly affects the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. The paper recommends, amongst others, that SMEs should acknowledge customer orientation as an effective strategy in ensuring companies keep abreast of customer needs to satisfy them and ensure survival effectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurial marketing: Exploring its place in social enterprises

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 12(5), 74-85, 2023

The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, i... more The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, individuals, and other supportive agencies. Much of this neglect could be attributed to the failure to adopt suitable business model/entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the many challenges these enterprises face. This paper aims to evaluate extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for social enterprises. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals. Eight core dimensions were adapted from existing models: social innovativeness, social proactiveness, socially calculated risk-taking, social resources leveraging, social customer intensity, social value creation, social market sensing, and social alliance. Based on these dimensions, a new and all-inclusive model of SEM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to social enterprises would significantly promote innovative and sustainable success.

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Entrepreneurship Origin and Process

Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2023

Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in ... more Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in all facets of human life. With these, this paper is aimed at exploring the origin of entrepreneurship as well as categorising the conceptual stand. The paper adopted the exploratory research method. The paper reviewed the different concepts of entrepreneurship, reviewed its origin and identified the key processes use by experts. The study concluded by focusing on the processes underlying the “activity-based” concepts.

Research paper thumbnail of CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF EXISTING ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING MODELS: 2002 -2022

Foundations of Management, 2023

With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have d... more With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have developed entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that are aimed at reducing the failure frequently experienced. The aim of this paper is to critically review the different EM models from 2002 to 2022. In pursuit of this aim, the paper reviewed 10 EM models to find out their strengths and shortfalls. The review found that some research constructs such as market sensing and teamwork, which were ignored, were identified as posing a significant contribution to business survival in the integrative EM model. The paper concludes that since different EM models have been developed to reduce the consistent failure of business, efforts should be intensified towards adopting the integrative EM model to measure its applicability in other sectors as well as to have a unified and acceptable EM model that will grow and sustain SMEs.

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Entrepreneurship Origin and Process

Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2023

Review Article Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an im... more Review Article Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in all facets of human life. With these, this paper is aimed at exploring the origin of entrepreneurship as well as categorising the conceptual stand. The paper adopted the exploratory research method. The paper reviewed the different concepts of entrepreneurship, reviewed its origin and identified the key processes use by experts. The study concluded by focusing on the processes underlying the "activity-based" concepts.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Teamwork on Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Eurasian journal of business and management, 2022

In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing sma... more In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing small and medium firms (SMEs) in Nigeria have failed to survive before their fifth birthday. The aim of this positivistic study is to examine the effect of teamwork on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 364 owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs selected using stratified random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data. Results show that teamwork has a strong, positive, and significant effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. More specifically, the dimension of communication is a strong predictor of SME's survival, followed by recognition, team spirit, and collaboration. The study concludes that there is a variety of critical dimensions of teamwork for the survival of manufacturing SMEs. The study also recommends that if manufacturing SMEs are to survive and thrive in Nigeria, owner-managers must demonstrate and promote a multi-dimensional and nuanced vision of teamwork. The study's findings have key pragmatic and research implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) In Selected North Central Nigeria

The study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and ... more The study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in selected States in North Central, Nigeria. A survey research design was used for this study. A multi stage sampling techniques was used for the study. The population of 4,538 and a sample of 368 respondents who are the business owners or managers of the small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the study areas were used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collate responses from the respondents in the study areas. The data collection instrument was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and the result indicates that the instrument is valid and reliable. The collated data were analyzed using multi regression analysis while the probability values of the estimates were used to test the four hypotheses of the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used as the statistical software for data analysis. The result of t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Teamwork on Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT , 2022

In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing sma... more In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing small and medium firms (SMEs) in Nigeria have failed to survive before their fifth birthday. The aim of this positivistic study is to examine the effect of teamwork on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 364 owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs selected using stratified random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data. Results show that teamwork has a strong, positive, and significant effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. More specifically, the dimension of communication is a strong predictor of SME's survival, followed by recognition, team spirit, and collaboration. The study concludes that there is a variety of critical dimensions of teamwork for the survival of manufacturing SMEs. The study also recommends that if manufacturing SMEs are to survive and thrive in Nigeria, owner-managers must demonstrate and promote a multi-dimensional and nuanced vision of teamwork. The study's findings have key pragmatic and research implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Organisational Structure as a Strategic Enabler of Commercial Bank Employees in Nigeria

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, May 5, 2022

The structure is a critical part of organisation design which enhance or mar employee performance... more The structure is a critical part of organisation design which enhance or mar employee performance in an organisation. This study investigates the effect of organisational structure on employees' performance in selected commercial banks in Nigeria. The study adopted a positivistic research paradigm. One hundred ninety-two employees from three commercial banks, namely Access, Fidelity and Zenith banks in Anambra State, were selected using random sampling. Data collected from employees through a structured questionnaire were analysed using Analysis of Variance through the aid of SPSS version 26. The findings reveal that formalisation has a significant and positive effect on employees' commitment at (F-value=2.233; p-value=0.022). The hierarchical layer in the banks has a significant and positive effect on employees' efficiency at (F-value=0.726; p-value=0.015), while departmentalisation also has a significant and positive effect on employees' service delivery at (F-value=2.142; p-value=0.016). Overall, this study concludes that organisational structure has a significant and positive effect on the performance of employees in commercial banks. Corporate strategists and human resource managers in commercial banks need to leverage organisational structure to enhance employees' commitment, efficiency, and performance and as a strategic enabler for improving the delivery of quality service internally to colleagues and externally to customers.

Research paper thumbnail of SOCIAL MEDIA: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF ITS EFFECT ON STUDENTS' SHOPPING HABITS

European Journal of Education Studies , 2018

The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development a... more The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development and has been used in the transfer of title in many ways. The reason for this study is to examine the effect of social media advertisement on students' shopping habit in Nigeria, as well as examine the effect of social media credibility on students' shopping habits in Nigeria. The research focused on internet users (students) from five selected Local Government Councils (Oyi, Idemili North and South, Onitsha North and South) particularly those who use social media sites. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from the population of internet users of the selected five selected Local Government Councils. A sample of 150 internet users was drawn from the population. Regression statistics was used to analyse the established variables. The test conducted show that social media advertisement and credibility has significant effect on students' shopping habit. Based on ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Tertiary Education on the Behaviour of Nigerian Consumers

Nigeria in recent time is witnessing a change in the behaviour of consumer. The market is now pre... more Nigeria in recent time is witnessing a change in the behaviour of consumer. The market is now predominantly consumer driven. The focus is shifting for product based marketing to need based marketing. All these are attributed to change caused by evolutionary and educational advancement. There is an old adage that says “knowing and not doing is equal to not knowing.” The aim of educational programmes is to equip people with knowledge, skills and tools needed to make lasting changes that positively impact their lives. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the relationship between tertiary education and the behaviour of Nigeria consumers. The study made use of cross-sectional survey design. The study area was Anambra, SouthEastern Nigeria; Using multi-stage probability sampling technique, sample of 150 postgraduate students were selected from three Universities in Anambra State (Anambra State University, Uli, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and Paul’s University Awka). Necessary...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Media: A Critical Examination of Its Effect on Students’ Shopping Habits

The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development a... more The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development and has been used in the transfer of title in many ways. The reason for this study is to examine the effect of social media advertisement on students’ shopping habit in Nigeria, as well as examine the effect of social media credibility on students’ shopping habits in Nigeria. The research focused on internet users (students) from five selected Local Government Councils (Oyi, Idemili North and South, Onitsha North and South) particularly those who use social media sites. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from the population of internet users of the selected five selected Local Government Councils. A sample of 150 internet users was drawn from the population. Regression statistics was used to analyse the established variables. The test conducted show that social media advertisement and credibility has significant effect on students’ shopping habit. Based on the outcome ...

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching Methods and its Effect on Entrepreneurship Development of Millennials in Nigeria Universities

International Journal of Educational Sciences , 2022

The teaching methods used in entrepreneurship education are a lynchpin for university students to... more The teaching methods used in entrepreneurship education are a lynchpin for university students to become
graduate venture creators in the economy. However, many university graduates in Nigeria remain unemployed even after receiving an entrepreneurship education. This positivistic study examines the entrepreneurship teaching methods used in three public universities and the effects on the entrepreneurship development of millennials. The research used a census of 357 millennials who are in their final year of studies at three Nigerian public universities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using multiple regression. The findings reveal that teaching “through” entrepreneurship has a major contribution to the entrepreneurship development of millennials, while teaching “about” entrepreneurship, which many Nigerian universities adopt, depicts a negative effect. The study concludes that teaching methods significantly affect the entrepreneurship development of millennial students in public universities in Nigeria.
There is an urgent need for lecturers in the universities to revisit how they teach entrepreneurship and adopt teaching methods that are effective in enabling students to practice rather than just become theoretically aware of entrepreneurship during the university education.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ecological Marketing on Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria

IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development), Jul 31, 2023

The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is ir... more The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is irrational in a way that has led to many businesses, especially SMEs, collapsing early in their existence. In this study, the survival of SMEs in the state of Anambra was examined in relation to ecological marketing. Descriptive survey methodology was used in the study. All SMEs in Anambra State make up the study's population, and 384 people were chosen for the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. As a result, respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used included multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. Technology, sociocultural factors, and economic factors all had a positive and significant impact on the study's findings regarding the survival of SMEs. However, in Anambra State, political factors have a significant and detrimental impact on SMEs' ability to survive. In light of this, the study came to the conclusion that ecological marketing significantly affects SMEs' ability to survive in Anambra State, Nigeria. Additionally, it claimed that businesses are on the verge of extinction if they don't recognise and act quickly on the new trends and problems in their environment. However, this study recommended strengthening the regulatory framework as well as providing adequate infrastructure facilities for SMEs to survive in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of UNDERSTANDING THREE TECHNIQUES AND PITFALLS IN WRITING DISCUSSION CHAPTER IN A PhD

Without techniques, doctoral students struggle to write a good discussion chapter in a thesis. Th... more Without techniques, doctoral students struggle to write a good discussion chapter in a thesis. This conceptual paper aims to educate and sensitise current and prospective doctoral research students on the use of the techniques of the inverted cone and three-part stages, Yang and Allison's (2003) moves and steps model, and divide and conquer tactics by Sanlı, Erdem and Tefik (2013) in writing the discussion chapter. The paper underscores that the inverted cone is helpful in not only organising structure and content but also clarifying and sustaining the logical nexus of the Discussion with the Introduction chapter. The seven moves and steps model provides a basic schematic structure that guides the discussion chapter's writing. Lastly, the divide and conquer tactics help determine the order of importance of the results and systematically construct the coherent logic of introducing, interpreting, evaluating and concluding each finding in a study. Pitfalls to avoid in writing a discussion chapter are highlighted. The paper concludes that clarifying how a study has progressed the readers` understanding of the research problem forward from where they were left at the end of the Introduction and stretching the frontier of knowledge is core to a discussion chapter. The paper recommends supervisor and institutional writing support, which is pragmatic and discipline-specific for doctoral students, especially at the time of writing the discussion chapter. An integrative checklist for a Discussion chapter is proposed in this paper.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurial marketing: Exploring its place in social enterprises

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478)

The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, i... more The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, individuals, and other supportive agencies. Much of this neglect could be attributed to the failure to adopt suitable business model/entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the many challenges these enterprises face. This paper aims to evaluate extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for social enterprises. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals. Eight core dimensions were adapted from existing models: social innovativeness, social proactiveness, socially calculated risk-taking, social resources leveraging, social customer intensity, social value creation, social market sense, and social alliance. Based on these dimensions, a new and all-inclusive model of SEM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to social enterprises would significantly promote inno...

Research paper thumbnail of Customer Experience Management: Analysis of Customer Retention in Restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria

Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations

This study examined the effect of customer experience management (CEM) on customer retention in r... more This study examined the effect of customer experience management (CEM) on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the influence of affective customer experience, cognitive customer experience, physical customer experience and social-identity customer experience on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research method. The study found that affective customer experience, cognitive customer experience, physical customer experience and social-identity customer experiences have a significant effect on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. Based on the foregoing, the study concluded that CEM had a significant effect on customer retention in restaurants in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study recommended, amongst others, that management of restaurants should deliberately focus on humanic clues in terms of providing a conducive environment, especially one ...

Research paper thumbnail of Market-Driving Orientation (MDO) and the Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Critical Understanding of Existing Entrepreneurial Marketing Models: 2002 – 2022

Foundations of Management

With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have d... more With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have developed entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that are aimed at reducing the failure frequently experienced. The aim of this paper is to critically review the different EM models from 2002 to 2022. In pursuit of this aim, the paper reviewed 10 EM models to find out their strengths and shortfalls. The review found that some research constructs such as market sensing and teamwork, which were ignored, were identified as posing a significant contribution to business survival in the integrative EM model. The paper concludes that since different EM models have been developed to reduce the consistent failure of business, efforts should be intensified towards adopting the integrative EM model to measure its applicability in other sectors as well as to have a unified and acceptable EM model that will grow and sustain SMEs.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ecological Marketing on Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria

Journal of Economic and Social Development, 2023

The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is ir... more The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is irrational in a way that has led to many businesses, especially SMEs, collapsing early in their existence. In this study, the survival of SMEs in the state of Anambra was examined in relation to ecological marketing. Descriptive survey methodology was used in the study. All SMEs in Anambra State make up the study's population, and 384 people were chosen for the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. As a result, respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used included multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. Technology, sociocultural factors, and economic factors all had a positive and significant impact on the study's findings regarding the survival of SMEs. However, in Anambra State, political factors have a significant and detrimental impact on SMEs' ability to survive. In light of this, the study came to the conclusion that ecological marketing significantly affects SMEs' ability to survive in Anambra State, Nigeria. Additionally, it claimed that businesses are on the verge of extinction if they don't recognise and act quickly on the new trends and problems in their environment. However, this study recommended strengthening the regulatory framework as well as providing adequate infrastructure facilities for SMEs to survive in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Customer Relationship Management and Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Journal of Economic and Social Development, 2023

Many firms, especially manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), have ignored the need f... more Many firms, especially manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), have ignored the need for good customer relationship management (CRM), which has caused many customer losses. This study examines the effect of CRM on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. This quantitative study adopted a positivistic paradigm and a survey research method. The population of the study was the owner and managers of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was adopted for data collected from owners and managers of manufacturing SMEs. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and other statistics were used to analyse the data. The study found that customer orientation has a more significant and positive effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs, followed by service quality and customer service. At the same time, complaint handling significantly and negatively affects manufacturing SMEs' survival. The study concluded that CRM significantly affects the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. The paper recommends, amongst others, that SMEs should acknowledge customer orientation as an effective strategy in ensuring companies keep abreast of customer needs to satisfy them and ensure survival effectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurial marketing: Exploring its place in social enterprises

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 12(5), 74-85, 2023

The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, i... more The activities of social enterprises have been neglected despite the efforts of the government, individuals, and other supportive agencies. Much of this neglect could be attributed to the failure to adopt suitable business model/entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that address the many challenges these enterprises face. This paper aims to evaluate extant literature and models on EM to propose a new and comprehensive model for social enterprises. In this pursuit, a background literature review on EM was conducted in several peer-reviewed journals. Eight core dimensions were adapted from existing models: social innovativeness, social proactiveness, socially calculated risk-taking, social resources leveraging, social customer intensity, social value creation, social market sensing, and social alliance. Based on these dimensions, a new and all-inclusive model of SEM is proposed. This paper concludes that applying these EM dimensions to social enterprises would significantly promote innovative and sustainable success.

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Entrepreneurship Origin and Process

Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2023

Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in ... more Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in all facets of human life. With these, this paper is aimed at exploring the origin of entrepreneurship as well as categorising the conceptual stand. The paper adopted the exploratory research method. The paper reviewed the different concepts of entrepreneurship, reviewed its origin and identified the key processes use by experts. The study concluded by focusing on the processes underlying the “activity-based” concepts.

Research paper thumbnail of CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF EXISTING ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING MODELS: 2002 -2022

Foundations of Management, 2023

With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have d... more With the consistent failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) globally, many scholars have developed entrepreneurial marketing (EM) models that are aimed at reducing the failure frequently experienced. The aim of this paper is to critically review the different EM models from 2002 to 2022. In pursuit of this aim, the paper reviewed 10 EM models to find out their strengths and shortfalls. The review found that some research constructs such as market sensing and teamwork, which were ignored, were identified as posing a significant contribution to business survival in the integrative EM model. The paper concludes that since different EM models have been developed to reduce the consistent failure of business, efforts should be intensified towards adopting the integrative EM model to measure its applicability in other sectors as well as to have a unified and acceptable EM model that will grow and sustain SMEs.

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Entrepreneurship Origin and Process

Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2023

Review Article Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an im... more Review Article Entrepreneurship has been an interesting concept in business and has created an important tie in all facets of human life. With these, this paper is aimed at exploring the origin of entrepreneurship as well as categorising the conceptual stand. The paper adopted the exploratory research method. The paper reviewed the different concepts of entrepreneurship, reviewed its origin and identified the key processes use by experts. The study concluded by focusing on the processes underlying the "activity-based" concepts.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Teamwork on Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Eurasian journal of business and management, 2022

In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing sma... more In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing small and medium firms (SMEs) in Nigeria have failed to survive before their fifth birthday. The aim of this positivistic study is to examine the effect of teamwork on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 364 owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs selected using stratified random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data. Results show that teamwork has a strong, positive, and significant effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. More specifically, the dimension of communication is a strong predictor of SME's survival, followed by recognition, team spirit, and collaboration. The study concludes that there is a variety of critical dimensions of teamwork for the survival of manufacturing SMEs. The study also recommends that if manufacturing SMEs are to survive and thrive in Nigeria, owner-managers must demonstrate and promote a multi-dimensional and nuanced vision of teamwork. The study's findings have key pragmatic and research implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) In Selected North Central Nigeria

The study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and ... more The study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in selected States in North Central, Nigeria. A survey research design was used for this study. A multi stage sampling techniques was used for the study. The population of 4,538 and a sample of 368 respondents who are the business owners or managers of the small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the study areas were used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collate responses from the respondents in the study areas. The data collection instrument was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and the result indicates that the instrument is valid and reliable. The collated data were analyzed using multi regression analysis while the probability values of the estimates were used to test the four hypotheses of the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used as the statistical software for data analysis. The result of t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Teamwork on Survival of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT , 2022

In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing sma... more In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing small and medium firms (SMEs) in Nigeria have failed to survive before their fifth birthday. The aim of this positivistic study is to examine the effect of teamwork on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 364 owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs selected using stratified random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data. Results show that teamwork has a strong, positive, and significant effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. More specifically, the dimension of communication is a strong predictor of SME's survival, followed by recognition, team spirit, and collaboration. The study concludes that there is a variety of critical dimensions of teamwork for the survival of manufacturing SMEs. The study also recommends that if manufacturing SMEs are to survive and thrive in Nigeria, owner-managers must demonstrate and promote a multi-dimensional and nuanced vision of teamwork. The study's findings have key pragmatic and research implications.

Research paper thumbnail of Organisational Structure as a Strategic Enabler of Commercial Bank Employees in Nigeria

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, May 5, 2022

The structure is a critical part of organisation design which enhance or mar employee performance... more The structure is a critical part of organisation design which enhance or mar employee performance in an organisation. This study investigates the effect of organisational structure on employees' performance in selected commercial banks in Nigeria. The study adopted a positivistic research paradigm. One hundred ninety-two employees from three commercial banks, namely Access, Fidelity and Zenith banks in Anambra State, were selected using random sampling. Data collected from employees through a structured questionnaire were analysed using Analysis of Variance through the aid of SPSS version 26. The findings reveal that formalisation has a significant and positive effect on employees' commitment at (F-value=2.233; p-value=0.022). The hierarchical layer in the banks has a significant and positive effect on employees' efficiency at (F-value=0.726; p-value=0.015), while departmentalisation also has a significant and positive effect on employees' service delivery at (F-value=2.142; p-value=0.016). Overall, this study concludes that organisational structure has a significant and positive effect on the performance of employees in commercial banks. Corporate strategists and human resource managers in commercial banks need to leverage organisational structure to enhance employees' commitment, efficiency, and performance and as a strategic enabler for improving the delivery of quality service internally to colleagues and externally to customers.

Research paper thumbnail of SOCIAL MEDIA: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF ITS EFFECT ON STUDENTS' SHOPPING HABITS

European Journal of Education Studies , 2018

The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development a... more The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development and has been used in the transfer of title in many ways. The reason for this study is to examine the effect of social media advertisement on students' shopping habit in Nigeria, as well as examine the effect of social media credibility on students' shopping habits in Nigeria. The research focused on internet users (students) from five selected Local Government Councils (Oyi, Idemili North and South, Onitsha North and South) particularly those who use social media sites. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from the population of internet users of the selected five selected Local Government Councils. A sample of 150 internet users was drawn from the population. Regression statistics was used to analyse the established variables. The test conducted show that social media advertisement and credibility has significant effect on students' shopping habit. Based on ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Tertiary Education on the Behaviour of Nigerian Consumers

Nigeria in recent time is witnessing a change in the behaviour of consumer. The market is now pre... more Nigeria in recent time is witnessing a change in the behaviour of consumer. The market is now predominantly consumer driven. The focus is shifting for product based marketing to need based marketing. All these are attributed to change caused by evolutionary and educational advancement. There is an old adage that says “knowing and not doing is equal to not knowing.” The aim of educational programmes is to equip people with knowledge, skills and tools needed to make lasting changes that positively impact their lives. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the relationship between tertiary education and the behaviour of Nigeria consumers. The study made use of cross-sectional survey design. The study area was Anambra, SouthEastern Nigeria; Using multi-stage probability sampling technique, sample of 150 postgraduate students were selected from three Universities in Anambra State (Anambra State University, Uli, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and Paul’s University Awka). Necessary...

Research paper thumbnail of Social Media: A Critical Examination of Its Effect on Students’ Shopping Habits

The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development a... more The adoption of social media by students in Nigeria has remained a fast and welcome development and has been used in the transfer of title in many ways. The reason for this study is to examine the effect of social media advertisement on students’ shopping habit in Nigeria, as well as examine the effect of social media credibility on students’ shopping habits in Nigeria. The research focused on internet users (students) from five selected Local Government Councils (Oyi, Idemili North and South, Onitsha North and South) particularly those who use social media sites. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from the population of internet users of the selected five selected Local Government Councils. A sample of 150 internet users was drawn from the population. Regression statistics was used to analyse the established variables. The test conducted show that social media advertisement and credibility has significant effect on students’ shopping habit. Based on the outcome ...

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching Methods and its Effect on Entrepreneurship Development of Millennials in Nigeria Universities

International Journal of Educational Sciences , 2022

The teaching methods used in entrepreneurship education are a lynchpin for university students to... more The teaching methods used in entrepreneurship education are a lynchpin for university students to become
graduate venture creators in the economy. However, many university graduates in Nigeria remain unemployed even after receiving an entrepreneurship education. This positivistic study examines the entrepreneurship teaching methods used in three public universities and the effects on the entrepreneurship development of millennials. The research used a census of 357 millennials who are in their final year of studies at three Nigerian public universities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using multiple regression. The findings reveal that teaching “through” entrepreneurship has a major contribution to the entrepreneurship development of millennials, while teaching “about” entrepreneurship, which many Nigerian universities adopt, depicts a negative effect. The study concludes that teaching methods significantly affect the entrepreneurship development of millennial students in public universities in Nigeria.
There is an urgent need for lecturers in the universities to revisit how they teach entrepreneurship and adopt teaching methods that are effective in enabling students to practice rather than just become theoretically aware of entrepreneurship during the university education.