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Research Articles by Cristina Esteban
PeerJ, 2018
Background. Undisputedly, traffic crashes constitute a public health concern whose impact and imp... more Background. Undisputedly, traffic crashes constitute a public health concern whose impact and importance have been increasing during the past few decades. Specifically, road safety data have systematically shown how cyclists are highly vulnerable to suffering traffic crashes and severe injuries derived from them. Furthermore, although the empirical evidence is still very limited in this regard, in addition to other human factors involved in cycling crashes, distractions while cycling appear to be a major contributor to the road risk of cyclists. Objectives. The main objectives of this study were, first, to explore the prevalence and trends of cycling distractions within an international sample of bike users, and second, to determine the influence of such distractions on road crashes suffered by cyclists, simultaneously considering the explanatory role of risky behaviors (errors and traffic violations) as potentially mediating variables between cycling distractions and traffic crashes. Methods. For this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data obtained from 1,064 cyclists—61.2% male and 38.8% female—from 20 different countries, who answered an on-line questionnaire on cycling-related features, habits, behaviors and accidents. Results. The prevalence of different cycling distractions oscillated between 34.7% and 83.6%. The most common distractions were those related to the behavior of other users, physical elements of the road, weather conditions and phone calls. Age trends and differences were also found, thus establishing a positive association between age and distractibility during cycling. Furthermore, the effect of distractions on traffic crashes of cyclists was significant when tested together with age, risk perception and risky behaviors on the road. Conclusion. The results of this study support the hypotheses that distractions have a major prevalence among bike users, and that they play a significant role in the prediction of the traffic crash rates of cyclists, through the mediation of risky behaviors.
Papers by Cristina Esteban
Carreteras, 2014
Black spots are one of the greatest problems causing traffic accidents. Even though there are sev... more Black spots are one of the greatest problems causing traffic accidents. Even though there are several measures and countermeasures to eliminate these spots on roads, one of the measures in Spain is the use of signposts and a media campaign dealing with them due to social pressure. The objective of this research was to determine drivers' level of knowledge regarding the demand of sign posts, their level of agreement, their subjective perception of the efficacy (including the reasons for such perception), and the political purpose of such measure. A sample of 200 drivers from the Province of Valencia ranging from 18 to 64 years was used. It was possible to conclude that, in general, there is a high level of knowledge, agreement, and perception of the efficacy towards the measure. Language: es
International Journal of Educational Psychology
Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behavio... more Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behaviors. The evaluation of road safety education courses aimed at children is carried out with some assiduity. However, this does not usually occur in courses aimed at young people and adults. The present systematic review aims to identify studies that evaluate the effectiveness of road safety training programs in this population group. This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology, by which the relevant articles based on the research term were identified. A total number of 1,336 indexed articles were filtered, and a final selection of 22 articles directly addressing the issue was obtained. Search strategies were developed and conducted in WOS, Scopus, NCBI, Google Scholar and APA databases. The selected articles indicate that the effects of road safety training programs in adults are mild to moderate. Their effectiveness is substantially increased when they are aimed at improving ri...
Transport Problems
Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived im... more Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived importance of four types of measures for reducing traffic crash rates. For this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from a national sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers responding to a telephone-assisted survey. The most valued types of road safety measures were those related to users’ training/education and infrastructural improvements. Further, individual perceptions were influenced by both demographic and trip-related factors. The results of this study support the idea that user features remain a relevant issue to consider when developing and implementing road safety measures.
Depression is currently the most frequent mental disorder and one of the main causes of losing ye... more Depression is currently the most frequent mental disorder and one of the main causes of losing years of healthy life. This disorder entails a cognitive and motor deterioration that is seriously detrimental to driving. From the analysis of the interviewed drivers’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviors, the objective of this paper was the following one: detect the impact of depressive symptoms on a driver’s sample and its relationship with several variables related to driving and road safety. A sample of 1.200 Spanish drivers ranging from 18 to 64 years was used, 666 men and 534 women were asked to answer a questionnaire composed by a set of items structured in different sections. The only selection criteria were to be in possession of any type of driving license for vehicles other than motorcycles and drive frequently. 21.9% of the drivers showed signs or symptoms linked with a depressive disorder. There were found significant contingences between the presence of depressive symptoms and...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Oct 24, 2019
PLOS ONE
Objective Mechanical conditions of vehicles may play a determinant role in driving safety, the re... more Objective Mechanical conditions of vehicles may play a determinant role in driving safety, the reason why vehicle periodical technical inspections (VTIs) are mandatory in many countries. However, the high number of drivers sanctioned for not complying with this regulation is surprisingly high, and there is not much evidence on what kind(s) of motives may explain this concerning panorama. This study aimed to identify the aspects that modulate the relationship between complying (or not) with VTI’s standards in a nationwide sample of Spanish drivers. The study design also addressed the drivers’ awareness regarding different risky behaviors while driving, depending on their sex and their crash record. Methods 1,100 Spanish drivers completed a survey on the aforementioned issues. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment was conducted to assess significant differences (p<0.05) in the study variables. Results Most of the surveyed drivers (99.18%) reported that...
When dealing with the duality of traffic accidents and road safety, smoking while driving is one ... more When dealing with the duality of traffic accidents and road safety, smoking while driving is one of the factors that, despite the social beliefs and/or misconceptions, causes a large number of injuries and deaths worldwide. Although smoking is a well-known harmful behavior for people’s health, it affects health and safety in many ways, perhaps more than some segments of the population can imagine. This is the specific case of drivers. The main objective of this study was to describe the behavioral and representational aspects of drivers that modulate the smoking-accidents relation. Specifically, it focuses in the frequency and reasons why drivers smoke while driving. On the other hand, it was also considered the perception of drivers regarding the probability of penalty, the penalties imposed, and their severity. Finally, drivers’ opinion on the effectiveness of such penalty in order to change this behavior was also studied. A sample of 1100 Spanish drivers was obtained from a natio...
Traffic accidents are a major cause of death and injury in the world. Generally speaking about ag... more Traffic accidents are a major cause of death and injury in the world. Generally speaking about aggression, evidence has shown that drivers who usually express aggressive behaviors more frequently tend, at the same time, to have higher rates of road crashes or traffic incidents. Furthermore, in most cases, the situations in which aggressive behaviors appear are typical of normal current traffic conditions, turning this behavior into something very common, and into a very serious road safety issue. This has also been related with the clear lack of Road Safety Education that is evident in most of the countries. The aim of this study was to describe the factors and perceptions related to the aggressive behavior of verbally insulting and shouting while driving. In this study, an extensive list of behaviors, that experts more or less unanimously consider as aggressive driving, was described; one of them was labeled shouting and insulting. The sample was obtained from a random sampling pro...
American Journal of Educational Research, 2017
Recent evidence has shown that children constitute a key population group regarding traffic accid... more Recent evidence has shown that children constitute a key population group regarding traffic accidents, being consequences of crashes involving children a major factor affecting their physical and mental integrity and welfare. Furthermore, it has been also stated that if children perceive existing risks on their environment in an accurate manner, probably their safety outcomes will be better than those registered in the long term by children who does not recognize some potential hazards. For this reason, it becomes relevant the task to study the perceptions related to road safety in the children’s environment, both for them as from their parents, who are their primary caregivers and companions on their daily trips. The central objective of this study was to describe the factors related to the perception of road safety in the children's environment and how different environmental factors affect it, from the perspective of children and their parents. As results, it was found that a...
Depósito Legal: B. Impreso en papel reciclado No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de es... more Depósito Legal: B. Impreso en papel reciclado No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su transmisión por cualquier forma o medio, sin el permiso previo del editor. Attitudes es un compromiso de Audi con la protección del medio ambiente y la promoción de la educación vial.
SAGE Open
Interactions between pedestrians and drivers are an important traffic safety issue. Psycho-social... more Interactions between pedestrians and drivers are an important traffic safety issue. Psycho-social factors such as thoughts, perceptions and attitudes toward other people can be reliable predictors of riskier or safer behaviors among road users. The aim of this study was to assess how frequently participants perceive that drivers perform safe and risky road behaviors through drivers’ self-reported behavior and pedestrians and other drivers’ external perceptions. The results show that pedestrians assess the road behaviors of drivers in a seriously negative way. Meanwhile, drivers perceive their own behaviors as more appropriate than those performed by the rest of drivers. Women attribute more favorable assessments to other users’ road behavior. Similarly, older drivers do the same, and consider themselves “safer” users. On the contrary, younger drivers report a higher frequency of self-rated unsafe behaviors. The study highlights the importance of working on the awareness of self-rate...
PeerJ, 2018
BackgroundSeveral empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupat... more BackgroundSeveral empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupational group, usually exposed to environmental stressors and adverse work conditions. Furthermore, recent studies have associated work-related stress with negative job performances and adverse health outcomes within this occupational group, including cardiovascular diseases and unsafe vehicle operation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the working conditions and the health status of this occupational group, and to evaluate the association between the Demand–Control model of job stress and their self-reported health and safety outcomes.MethodsA pooled sample of 3,665 Colombian professional drivers was drawn from five different studies. The Job Content Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure work stress and self-reported mental health, respectively. Additionally, professional drivers self-reported health problems (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diab...
redalyc.uaemex.mx
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REVISTA ... more Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA
Electronics, 2021
Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traf... more Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though ...
One of the objectives of the driver selection system in Spain is to determine if drivers have any... more One of the objectives of the driver selection system in Spain is to determine if drivers have any psychophysical disorders that may impair their driving, in order to show the psychophysical aptitudes of people when obtaining or renewing a driving license. The general objective of this research was to understand drivers’ opinions on the reliability and exhaustiveness of the actual selection of driver systems, as well as whether drivers agreed with the proposal of suspending the driving license after a medical check-up, if necessary. For this national study, it was used a total sample of n=1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about psychosocial characteristics and their perceptions about the driver selection system and their driving habits and conditions. More than half of the drivers considered that the process to assess their psychophysical aptitudes at the Centers for Selection of Drivers was unreliable or v...
Traffic crashes are considered one of the major public health concerns, considering that this phe... more Traffic crashes are considered one of the major public health concerns, considering that this phenomenon explains a high number of deaths and injuries every year, and around all the world in different groups of population. The road safety education, (or traffic safety education), regarding the complexity of this process, and that it takes place during the complete process of life of individuals, is considered as a key determinant of road safety behaviors and a relatively lower road risk, essentially for road users with more and diverse high risk factors which may explain the occurrence of road accidents, such as young adults. The general objective of this study was to describe the associated factors to the Road Safety Education in the higher education institutions (universities) of Spain, and its relationship with road safety factors among young adults currently coursing a career in this kind of centers. Throughout this study, it was also assessed a set of indicators related with ro...
Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psy... more Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psychophysical conditions. Furthermore, a large number of recent studies on driving has found that there are several conditions that may affect the ability to operate safely motor vehicles and to prevent road crashes. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of drivers about the effect of certain health conditions on driving performance. This cross-sectional study used a total sample of n =1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about their psychosocial characteristics, driving habits and perceptions about the driving task. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's Post-hoc tests were performed to compare data among groups of drivers. Results showed that that drivers consider that the influence of alcohol, drugs, drowsiness and medicine consumption may impair their driving, but do not take into account certai...
PeerJ, 2018
Background. Undisputedly, traffic crashes constitute a public health concern whose impact and imp... more Background. Undisputedly, traffic crashes constitute a public health concern whose impact and importance have been increasing during the past few decades. Specifically, road safety data have systematically shown how cyclists are highly vulnerable to suffering traffic crashes and severe injuries derived from them. Furthermore, although the empirical evidence is still very limited in this regard, in addition to other human factors involved in cycling crashes, distractions while cycling appear to be a major contributor to the road risk of cyclists. Objectives. The main objectives of this study were, first, to explore the prevalence and trends of cycling distractions within an international sample of bike users, and second, to determine the influence of such distractions on road crashes suffered by cyclists, simultaneously considering the explanatory role of risky behaviors (errors and traffic violations) as potentially mediating variables between cycling distractions and traffic crashes. Methods. For this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data obtained from 1,064 cyclists—61.2% male and 38.8% female—from 20 different countries, who answered an on-line questionnaire on cycling-related features, habits, behaviors and accidents. Results. The prevalence of different cycling distractions oscillated between 34.7% and 83.6%. The most common distractions were those related to the behavior of other users, physical elements of the road, weather conditions and phone calls. Age trends and differences were also found, thus establishing a positive association between age and distractibility during cycling. Furthermore, the effect of distractions on traffic crashes of cyclists was significant when tested together with age, risk perception and risky behaviors on the road. Conclusion. The results of this study support the hypotheses that distractions have a major prevalence among bike users, and that they play a significant role in the prediction of the traffic crash rates of cyclists, through the mediation of risky behaviors.
Carreteras, 2014
Black spots are one of the greatest problems causing traffic accidents. Even though there are sev... more Black spots are one of the greatest problems causing traffic accidents. Even though there are several measures and countermeasures to eliminate these spots on roads, one of the measures in Spain is the use of signposts and a media campaign dealing with them due to social pressure. The objective of this research was to determine drivers' level of knowledge regarding the demand of sign posts, their level of agreement, their subjective perception of the efficacy (including the reasons for such perception), and the political purpose of such measure. A sample of 200 drivers from the Province of Valencia ranging from 18 to 64 years was used. It was possible to conclude that, in general, there is a high level of knowledge, agreement, and perception of the efficacy towards the measure. Language: es
International Journal of Educational Psychology
Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behavio... more Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behaviors. The evaluation of road safety education courses aimed at children is carried out with some assiduity. However, this does not usually occur in courses aimed at young people and adults. The present systematic review aims to identify studies that evaluate the effectiveness of road safety training programs in this population group. This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology, by which the relevant articles based on the research term were identified. A total number of 1,336 indexed articles were filtered, and a final selection of 22 articles directly addressing the issue was obtained. Search strategies were developed and conducted in WOS, Scopus, NCBI, Google Scholar and APA databases. The selected articles indicate that the effects of road safety training programs in adults are mild to moderate. Their effectiveness is substantially increased when they are aimed at improving ri...
Transport Problems
Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived im... more Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived importance of four types of measures for reducing traffic crash rates. For this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from a national sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers responding to a telephone-assisted survey. The most valued types of road safety measures were those related to users’ training/education and infrastructural improvements. Further, individual perceptions were influenced by both demographic and trip-related factors. The results of this study support the idea that user features remain a relevant issue to consider when developing and implementing road safety measures.
Depression is currently the most frequent mental disorder and one of the main causes of losing ye... more Depression is currently the most frequent mental disorder and one of the main causes of losing years of healthy life. This disorder entails a cognitive and motor deterioration that is seriously detrimental to driving. From the analysis of the interviewed drivers’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviors, the objective of this paper was the following one: detect the impact of depressive symptoms on a driver’s sample and its relationship with several variables related to driving and road safety. A sample of 1.200 Spanish drivers ranging from 18 to 64 years was used, 666 men and 534 women were asked to answer a questionnaire composed by a set of items structured in different sections. The only selection criteria were to be in possession of any type of driving license for vehicles other than motorcycles and drive frequently. 21.9% of the drivers showed signs or symptoms linked with a depressive disorder. There were found significant contingences between the presence of depressive symptoms and...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Oct 24, 2019
PLOS ONE
Objective Mechanical conditions of vehicles may play a determinant role in driving safety, the re... more Objective Mechanical conditions of vehicles may play a determinant role in driving safety, the reason why vehicle periodical technical inspections (VTIs) are mandatory in many countries. However, the high number of drivers sanctioned for not complying with this regulation is surprisingly high, and there is not much evidence on what kind(s) of motives may explain this concerning panorama. This study aimed to identify the aspects that modulate the relationship between complying (or not) with VTI’s standards in a nationwide sample of Spanish drivers. The study design also addressed the drivers’ awareness regarding different risky behaviors while driving, depending on their sex and their crash record. Methods 1,100 Spanish drivers completed a survey on the aforementioned issues. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment was conducted to assess significant differences (p<0.05) in the study variables. Results Most of the surveyed drivers (99.18%) reported that...
When dealing with the duality of traffic accidents and road safety, smoking while driving is one ... more When dealing with the duality of traffic accidents and road safety, smoking while driving is one of the factors that, despite the social beliefs and/or misconceptions, causes a large number of injuries and deaths worldwide. Although smoking is a well-known harmful behavior for people’s health, it affects health and safety in many ways, perhaps more than some segments of the population can imagine. This is the specific case of drivers. The main objective of this study was to describe the behavioral and representational aspects of drivers that modulate the smoking-accidents relation. Specifically, it focuses in the frequency and reasons why drivers smoke while driving. On the other hand, it was also considered the perception of drivers regarding the probability of penalty, the penalties imposed, and their severity. Finally, drivers’ opinion on the effectiveness of such penalty in order to change this behavior was also studied. A sample of 1100 Spanish drivers was obtained from a natio...
Traffic accidents are a major cause of death and injury in the world. Generally speaking about ag... more Traffic accidents are a major cause of death and injury in the world. Generally speaking about aggression, evidence has shown that drivers who usually express aggressive behaviors more frequently tend, at the same time, to have higher rates of road crashes or traffic incidents. Furthermore, in most cases, the situations in which aggressive behaviors appear are typical of normal current traffic conditions, turning this behavior into something very common, and into a very serious road safety issue. This has also been related with the clear lack of Road Safety Education that is evident in most of the countries. The aim of this study was to describe the factors and perceptions related to the aggressive behavior of verbally insulting and shouting while driving. In this study, an extensive list of behaviors, that experts more or less unanimously consider as aggressive driving, was described; one of them was labeled shouting and insulting. The sample was obtained from a random sampling pro...
American Journal of Educational Research, 2017
Recent evidence has shown that children constitute a key population group regarding traffic accid... more Recent evidence has shown that children constitute a key population group regarding traffic accidents, being consequences of crashes involving children a major factor affecting their physical and mental integrity and welfare. Furthermore, it has been also stated that if children perceive existing risks on their environment in an accurate manner, probably their safety outcomes will be better than those registered in the long term by children who does not recognize some potential hazards. For this reason, it becomes relevant the task to study the perceptions related to road safety in the children’s environment, both for them as from their parents, who are their primary caregivers and companions on their daily trips. The central objective of this study was to describe the factors related to the perception of road safety in the children's environment and how different environmental factors affect it, from the perspective of children and their parents. As results, it was found that a...
Depósito Legal: B. Impreso en papel reciclado No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de es... more Depósito Legal: B. Impreso en papel reciclado No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su transmisión por cualquier forma o medio, sin el permiso previo del editor. Attitudes es un compromiso de Audi con la protección del medio ambiente y la promoción de la educación vial.
SAGE Open
Interactions between pedestrians and drivers are an important traffic safety issue. Psycho-social... more Interactions between pedestrians and drivers are an important traffic safety issue. Psycho-social factors such as thoughts, perceptions and attitudes toward other people can be reliable predictors of riskier or safer behaviors among road users. The aim of this study was to assess how frequently participants perceive that drivers perform safe and risky road behaviors through drivers’ self-reported behavior and pedestrians and other drivers’ external perceptions. The results show that pedestrians assess the road behaviors of drivers in a seriously negative way. Meanwhile, drivers perceive their own behaviors as more appropriate than those performed by the rest of drivers. Women attribute more favorable assessments to other users’ road behavior. Similarly, older drivers do the same, and consider themselves “safer” users. On the contrary, younger drivers report a higher frequency of self-rated unsafe behaviors. The study highlights the importance of working on the awareness of self-rate...
PeerJ, 2018
BackgroundSeveral empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupat... more BackgroundSeveral empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupational group, usually exposed to environmental stressors and adverse work conditions. Furthermore, recent studies have associated work-related stress with negative job performances and adverse health outcomes within this occupational group, including cardiovascular diseases and unsafe vehicle operation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the working conditions and the health status of this occupational group, and to evaluate the association between the Demand–Control model of job stress and their self-reported health and safety outcomes.MethodsA pooled sample of 3,665 Colombian professional drivers was drawn from five different studies. The Job Content Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure work stress and self-reported mental health, respectively. Additionally, professional drivers self-reported health problems (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diab...
redalyc.uaemex.mx
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REVISTA ... more Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA
Electronics, 2021
Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traf... more Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though ...
One of the objectives of the driver selection system in Spain is to determine if drivers have any... more One of the objectives of the driver selection system in Spain is to determine if drivers have any psychophysical disorders that may impair their driving, in order to show the psychophysical aptitudes of people when obtaining or renewing a driving license. The general objective of this research was to understand drivers’ opinions on the reliability and exhaustiveness of the actual selection of driver systems, as well as whether drivers agreed with the proposal of suspending the driving license after a medical check-up, if necessary. For this national study, it was used a total sample of n=1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about psychosocial characteristics and their perceptions about the driver selection system and their driving habits and conditions. More than half of the drivers considered that the process to assess their psychophysical aptitudes at the Centers for Selection of Drivers was unreliable or v...
Traffic crashes are considered one of the major public health concerns, considering that this phe... more Traffic crashes are considered one of the major public health concerns, considering that this phenomenon explains a high number of deaths and injuries every year, and around all the world in different groups of population. The road safety education, (or traffic safety education), regarding the complexity of this process, and that it takes place during the complete process of life of individuals, is considered as a key determinant of road safety behaviors and a relatively lower road risk, essentially for road users with more and diverse high risk factors which may explain the occurrence of road accidents, such as young adults. The general objective of this study was to describe the associated factors to the Road Safety Education in the higher education institutions (universities) of Spain, and its relationship with road safety factors among young adults currently coursing a career in this kind of centers. Throughout this study, it was also assessed a set of indicators related with ro...
Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psy... more Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psychophysical conditions. Furthermore, a large number of recent studies on driving has found that there are several conditions that may affect the ability to operate safely motor vehicles and to prevent road crashes. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of drivers about the effect of certain health conditions on driving performance. This cross-sectional study used a total sample of n =1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about their psychosocial characteristics, driving habits and perceptions about the driving task. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's Post-hoc tests were performed to compare data among groups of drivers. Results showed that that drivers consider that the influence of alcohol, drugs, drowsiness and medicine consumption may impair their driving, but do not take into account certai...
TEM Journal, 2021
RSE (Road Safety Education) is well recognized as a reliable predictor of future safety and healt... more RSE (Road Safety Education) is well recognized as a reliable predictor of future safety and health outcomes. However, most countries have been slow to develop it, which has contributed to the sensitivity of the situation, as traffic accidents continue to be a major concern for community health. This paper aims to describe and compare key variables related to the RSE among three critical segments of the population, using the data provided by: 477 high school students, 843 university students and 476 older adults. Differential coverage rates were found. Perceived quality, aroused interest and attributed utility for RSE interventions were also compared among groups, finding substantial differences among them in terms of these three aspects of the intervention. Although coverage of RSE-related programs has grown considerably during the last years, substantial difficulties are still evident.