Cristina Lidón Moyano - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cristina Lidón Moyano
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la aplicación de las políticas de control del tabaquismo y e... more Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la aplicación de las políticas de control del tabaquismo y el consumo de tabaco, especialmente del tabaco de liar, los cigarrillos electrónicos y la intención de dejar de fumar en 27 países de la Unión Europea. Conclusiones: El grado de aplicación de las leyes antitabaco en las ciudades Europeas está relacionado con un descenso en la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco manufacturado y un aumento de la intención de dejar de fumar. No obstante, el consumo de otros productos de tabaco, especialmente el tabaco de liar, presentan una relación directa en los exfumadores. Las políticas de control del tabaquismo deberían tener en consideración otros productos de tabaco, como el tabaco de liar, los cigarros o las pipas y aumentar los tratamientos para ayudar a los fumadores en el proceso de intentar dejar de fumar
In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed after the approval of the FCTC. In 2005, it came i... more In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed after the approval of the FCTC. In 2005, it came into effect a smoke-free legislation (Law 28/2005). This law was a great advance for public health in Spain; however, it was not complete in terms of health protection to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure because it allowed smoking in hospitality sectors according to size of venues. The scientific evaluation of this law showed the need to promote a total ban and motivate the modification of the law in 2010 (Law 42/2010), extending the smoke-free regulation to all hospitality venues without exception and to some outdoors areas, including hospital premises, educational campuses, and playgrounds. The objectives of this doctoral thesis were: To assess the impact of the Spanish smoking legislations (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010) on tobacco epidemic (changes in consumption, dependence, motivation to quit and smoking cessation) among smokers of a general population cohort through self-reported info...
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2020
Background-Unintentional injury, a leading cause of morbidity among adolescents, may also be a ri... more Background-Unintentional injury, a leading cause of morbidity among adolescents, may also be a risk factor for deliberate self-harm. To inform clinical and public health prevention efforts in adolescent populations, we examined whether distinct subtypes of unintentional injury were differentially associated with deliberate self-harm. Methods-Statewide, all-payer, individually linkable administrative data on adolescent patients presenting to any California emergency department (ED) in 2010 (n=490,071) were used to investigate longitudinal associations between subtypes of unintentional injury and deliberate selfharm. Adolescents aged 10-19 years presenting with unintentional drug poisoning, other poisoning, fall, suffocation, or cutting/piercing injuries formed the exposure groups; adolescents
Healthcare
This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic ci... more This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers. We used log-linear models to control for the potential confounding effect of the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Salivary nicotine metabolic rate assessment included the rate of nicotine metabolism (cotinine/nicotine) and the nicotine metabolite ratio (trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine). Exclusive users of e-cigarette without nicotine have the lowest rate of nicotine metabolism (Geometric mean: 0.08, p-values < 0.001) while cigarette smokers have the highest (Geometric mean: 2.08, p-values < 0.001). Nonusers have lower nicotine me...
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Environmental Research, Nov 1, 2021
Environmental Research, 2021
Epidemiology, 2018
Introduction Presenteesim, as well as medical/pharmaceutical costs, have attracted attention in t... more Introduction Presenteesim, as well as medical/pharmaceutical costs, have attracted attention in the occupational health field in Japan. Presenteeism and health risks are known to be associated. However, the relationship between health risks and total burden of presenteeism, absenteeism, and medical/pharmaceutical cost have only received scarce attention. We aimed to investigate this relationship by examining the data of Japanese workers. Methods We conducted this study using the data of >40 yearold workers obtained from four pharmaceutical companies and health insurance associations. The workers were classified into three categories (low-risk, middle-risk, and high-risk) according to probabilities of developing cardiovascular disease, as calculated by risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol intake, and Body Mass Index) obtained from a previous study. Health data from self-administered questionnaires completed by the workers in 2014 were collected to evaluate presenteeism, and from compensation claims from the health insurance associations to calculate medical/drug costs. To measure presenteeism, we used the QQ method. We received medical (in-/out-patient) and drug (out-patient) data of all study samples from April 2014 to March 2015. Results The total sample in the final analysis numbered 7808 (low-risk: 2755, middle-risk: 2672, and high-risk: 2381). The total cost for the high-risk group was the highest of all three groups (C ¼ 4,138/year/person), followed by the middle-risk group (C ¼ 4,068/year/person), then the low-risk group (C ¼ 3,620/year/person). Presenteeism was the largest cost in all groups, with the cost being the highest for the middle-risk group among all three groups. Discussion Many interventions have been conducted for highrisk workers in Japan, but ones for low-and middle-risk workers remain insufficient. Our findings suggest that greater awareness is needed about the intervention needs of low-and middle-risk workers, especially with regard to presenteeism. To increase this awareness, we plan to proceed with further study and make a detailed proposal.
Ageing and Work, 2018
Methods Cross-sectional data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-ba... more Methods Cross-sectional data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-based study of 8175 people aged !50 years was analysed. Those in employment were grouped according to the occupational social classification, an internationally recognised categorisation widely used to analyse social and health variations. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (V22.0, SPSS Inc, IL). Tests for main effects were conducted using an ordinal logistic regression using a generalised linear model. The relationship between self-rated health and social class was examined with age, gender, educational status, medical history and multiple lifestyle factors (body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity) as the independent variables. Results 30% (2440/8175) of the TILDA cohort were in employment at the time of the study and therefore included in the analysis. There was a statistically significant association between selfrated health and occupational social class after adjusting for independent variables as described above (p-value 0.014). Conclusion There is a strong cross-sectional association between self-rated health and occupational social class in those at work over 50 years of age in Ireland. This association is preserved after adjusting for gender, age, past medical history, lifestyle behaviours and educational status. Further research is required to establish if this association persists among retirees. This study confirms the need to tailor health promotion and well-being programs to the different occupational social groups to maximise potential health benefits and to preserve employment among older workers
Environmental Research, 2018
The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature about thirdhan... more The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature about thirdhand smoke (THS). Methods: Systematic review of all aspects of THS. Standard methodological procedures were used to search the following databases through April 2018: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science (WOS) in Indo-European languages. To identify published grey literature, the first 200 hits from Google Scholar TM were evaluated. Clinical trial databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists from the identified articles were also searched. Two unblinded review Results: Sixty-eight articles were included in this systematic review. Of these, 28 analyzed the concentration of nicotine as a component of THS (the most commonly-used method to measure THS in those studies was chromatography, followed by the mass spectrometry), 21 evaluated the exposure and impact of THS on health (11 studies analysed the effect of THS in cells [human and animal], 4 in animals, 1 in adults, and 5 in children), 16 investigated the beliefs, behaviours, and policies related to THS, and 3 evaluated other aspects such as THS in e-cigarettes or hookahs. In these 68 studies, THS was determined by measuring the following components: nicotine (30 studies), nitrosamines (17 studies) and cotinine (15 studies). The findings from most of these studies suggest a potential health impact of THS exposure (i.e.: cytotoxicity, metabolic alterations in metabolism, in glycemia; or cell structure; alterations in liver, lung, skin and behavior in mice), and low awareness about the risks of THS among the general population. Conclusions: Numerous specific biomarkers of THS were evaluated, with the most common being nicotine, nitrosamines, and cotinine. The most common method of preparing THS dust samples were cotton wipes, while chromatography, used alone or coupled with mass spectrometry, was the most common analytical technique. We have tried to establish common bases after reviewing all the current literature of the THS although, there is great heterogeneity between the studies and we have not always succeeded. The studies in this review demonstrate the harmful effects of THS on health in cells, in animal models, and in people including children. However, in people, the long-term effects remain unknown and more research is needed. These studies show that knowledge about THS and its potential harmful effects are poorly understood among the general population. For this reason, THS should receive greater emphasis in education and awareness policies.
Critical Public Health, 2019
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between precarious employment and he... more In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between precarious employment and health-related outcomes in salaried workers from 28 countries in Europe (2014). We used data from the Flash Eurobarometer 398 among salaried workers (n = 7,702). We fitted multilevel generalized linear models (GLMM) using the Poisson family and country as the random effect, to calculate the crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their 95%CI of health-related outcomes (health problems, sick leave, health and safety risks in the workplace) according to precarious employment. We found significant associations between having a precarious employment and health problems caused or worsened by the work (stress/depression/anxiety, musculoskeletal problems, infectious diseases, respiratory problems, accidents/injuries and allergies), sick leave of more than 15 days [aPR: 1.43, (CI95%: 1.09;1.87)] and exposure to violence or harassment [aPR: 1.82, (CI95%: 1.42;2.34)]. Our study shows an association of precarious employment, understood as a multidimensional construct, and negative health-related outcomes and sick leave of more than 15 days. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing legislative measures for reducing non-standard arrangements and for improving the conditions of workers in nonstandard arrangements.
Preventive medicine, Jan 21, 2018
The objective of this work is to describe the acceptability of some tobacco products regulations ... more The objective of this work is to describe the acceptability of some tobacco products regulations and to explore their relation with tobacco control legislation levels in Europe. We used data on tobacco control activities in Europe in 2007, 2010 and 2013 measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and data regarding attitudes about tobacco control regulations (i.e. adding picture health warnings on all packages of tobacco products or increasing taxes on tobacco products) from the Special Eurobarometer of 2009, 2012 and 2014 (n = 80,831). We calculated the prevalence ratio of favorable attitudes towards tobacco products restrictions in the reference year 2009 vs. the most current year (i.e. 2009 vs 2014), and the effect of previous TCS scores on the attitudes towards tobacco products regulations adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Strong support for the studied tobacco products regulations, which modestly increased over time, was observed. A positive relation was generally observ...
Oral Communications, 2017
![Research paper thumbnail of [Using consumer panels in public health observational studies]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96795406/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Gaceta sanitaria, Jan 5, 2017
Consumer panels are a market research method useful for gathering information about low-frequency... more Consumer panels are a market research method useful for gathering information about low-frequency or difficult-access customers. The objective of this field-note is to explain our experience using this method in a cross-sectional public health study on the use of electronic cigarettes. After taking into account other non-probabilistic sampling techniques to obtain a huge sample of electronic-cigarette users (n=600), in the end we decided to use consumer panels (recruiters) because of the relative short duration of the field work and the high representativeness of the sample.
Annals of Public Health
Background/Objectives: Due to serious restrictions on mobility, some children might have increase... more Background/Objectives: Due to serious restrictions on mobility, some children might have increased exposure to THS due to home confinement. To characterize third-hand smoke (THS) exposure in children under 48 months at homes in Spain during the confinement of the first wave of COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic sample of parents (n = 311). The gathered information was about smoking status, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure of their children, and voluntary regulation of tobacco consumption at their home. A variable of THS exposure at home was derived, classifying as 'THS exposed' those children whose parents reported living with a smoker or with smoking parents and non-exposed to SHS; 'Non exposed' children were, therefore, all other children. Results: Almost a quarter of the children (23.5%) were exposed to THS. This prevalence was significantly higher among those children whose parents increased tobacco consumption during confinement (40.5%), whose parents had lower or medium educational levels (42.9% and 41.7%), and with younger parents (24.8%). In contrast, the prevalence was significantly lower among those children living in homes with complete voluntary smoke restrictions (21.1%). Conclusions/Recommendations: To reduce THS exposure among children, it is important to work on information campaigns to raise awareness regarding THS exposure, promote recommendations to avoid exposure to THS, and develop legislation promoting smoke-free environments (in homes and vehicles).
Healthcare
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Sleep Medicine, 2021
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of differ... more OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of difference between the easternmost and westernmost areas, but the time zone is the same in these areas. This difference might have an effect on children's sleep. The aim of this study is to assess if there are differences in the prevalence of short sleep duration between children under 15 years from easternmost (Catalonia) and westernmost (Galicia) continental territory areas in Spain. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 6106). The final sample includes 1004 children under 15 years living in Catalonia and Galicia. We categorized sleep duration according to the National Sleep Foundation recommendations with respect to age in (1) not short sleep duration and (2) short sleep duration. We calculated overall percentages of short sleep duration, and unadjusted and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI), according to area and stratified by confounders and covariates. Unadjusted and adjusted PR were obtained through generalized linear models with Poisson family and robust variance. We adjusted the associations for confounders. RESULTS Children from Galicia were less likely to have short sleep duration than children from Catalonia, aPRGalicia = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45,0.83). CONCLUSIONS Children living in the same country, potentially with a similar timetable, could be having shorter sleep durations according to their longitude position. Further studies are needed in order to consider promoting policies to apply timetables based on the sun position instead of on the national time zone.
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la aplicación de las políticas de control del tabaquismo y e... more Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la aplicación de las políticas de control del tabaquismo y el consumo de tabaco, especialmente del tabaco de liar, los cigarrillos electrónicos y la intención de dejar de fumar en 27 países de la Unión Europea. Conclusiones: El grado de aplicación de las leyes antitabaco en las ciudades Europeas está relacionado con un descenso en la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco manufacturado y un aumento de la intención de dejar de fumar. No obstante, el consumo de otros productos de tabaco, especialmente el tabaco de liar, presentan una relación directa en los exfumadores. Las políticas de control del tabaquismo deberían tener en consideración otros productos de tabaco, como el tabaco de liar, los cigarros o las pipas y aumentar los tratamientos para ayudar a los fumadores en el proceso de intentar dejar de fumar
In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed after the approval of the FCTC. In 2005, it came i... more In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed after the approval of the FCTC. In 2005, it came into effect a smoke-free legislation (Law 28/2005). This law was a great advance for public health in Spain; however, it was not complete in terms of health protection to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure because it allowed smoking in hospitality sectors according to size of venues. The scientific evaluation of this law showed the need to promote a total ban and motivate the modification of the law in 2010 (Law 42/2010), extending the smoke-free regulation to all hospitality venues without exception and to some outdoors areas, including hospital premises, educational campuses, and playgrounds. The objectives of this doctoral thesis were: To assess the impact of the Spanish smoking legislations (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010) on tobacco epidemic (changes in consumption, dependence, motivation to quit and smoking cessation) among smokers of a general population cohort through self-reported info...
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2020
Background-Unintentional injury, a leading cause of morbidity among adolescents, may also be a ri... more Background-Unintentional injury, a leading cause of morbidity among adolescents, may also be a risk factor for deliberate self-harm. To inform clinical and public health prevention efforts in adolescent populations, we examined whether distinct subtypes of unintentional injury were differentially associated with deliberate self-harm. Methods-Statewide, all-payer, individually linkable administrative data on adolescent patients presenting to any California emergency department (ED) in 2010 (n=490,071) were used to investigate longitudinal associations between subtypes of unintentional injury and deliberate selfharm. Adolescents aged 10-19 years presenting with unintentional drug poisoning, other poisoning, fall, suffocation, or cutting/piercing injuries formed the exposure groups; adolescents
Healthcare
This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic ci... more This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers. We used log-linear models to control for the potential confounding effect of the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Salivary nicotine metabolic rate assessment included the rate of nicotine metabolism (cotinine/nicotine) and the nicotine metabolite ratio (trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine). Exclusive users of e-cigarette without nicotine have the lowest rate of nicotine metabolism (Geometric mean: 0.08, p-values < 0.001) while cigarette smokers have the highest (Geometric mean: 2.08, p-values < 0.001). Nonusers have lower nicotine me...
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Environmental Research, Nov 1, 2021
Environmental Research, 2021
Epidemiology, 2018
Introduction Presenteesim, as well as medical/pharmaceutical costs, have attracted attention in t... more Introduction Presenteesim, as well as medical/pharmaceutical costs, have attracted attention in the occupational health field in Japan. Presenteeism and health risks are known to be associated. However, the relationship between health risks and total burden of presenteeism, absenteeism, and medical/pharmaceutical cost have only received scarce attention. We aimed to investigate this relationship by examining the data of Japanese workers. Methods We conducted this study using the data of >40 yearold workers obtained from four pharmaceutical companies and health insurance associations. The workers were classified into three categories (low-risk, middle-risk, and high-risk) according to probabilities of developing cardiovascular disease, as calculated by risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol intake, and Body Mass Index) obtained from a previous study. Health data from self-administered questionnaires completed by the workers in 2014 were collected to evaluate presenteeism, and from compensation claims from the health insurance associations to calculate medical/drug costs. To measure presenteeism, we used the QQ method. We received medical (in-/out-patient) and drug (out-patient) data of all study samples from April 2014 to March 2015. Results The total sample in the final analysis numbered 7808 (low-risk: 2755, middle-risk: 2672, and high-risk: 2381). The total cost for the high-risk group was the highest of all three groups (C ¼ 4,138/year/person), followed by the middle-risk group (C ¼ 4,068/year/person), then the low-risk group (C ¼ 3,620/year/person). Presenteeism was the largest cost in all groups, with the cost being the highest for the middle-risk group among all three groups. Discussion Many interventions have been conducted for highrisk workers in Japan, but ones for low-and middle-risk workers remain insufficient. Our findings suggest that greater awareness is needed about the intervention needs of low-and middle-risk workers, especially with regard to presenteeism. To increase this awareness, we plan to proceed with further study and make a detailed proposal.
Ageing and Work, 2018
Methods Cross-sectional data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-ba... more Methods Cross-sectional data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-based study of 8175 people aged !50 years was analysed. Those in employment were grouped according to the occupational social classification, an internationally recognised categorisation widely used to analyse social and health variations. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (V22.0, SPSS Inc, IL). Tests for main effects were conducted using an ordinal logistic regression using a generalised linear model. The relationship between self-rated health and social class was examined with age, gender, educational status, medical history and multiple lifestyle factors (body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity) as the independent variables. Results 30% (2440/8175) of the TILDA cohort were in employment at the time of the study and therefore included in the analysis. There was a statistically significant association between selfrated health and occupational social class after adjusting for independent variables as described above (p-value 0.014). Conclusion There is a strong cross-sectional association between self-rated health and occupational social class in those at work over 50 years of age in Ireland. This association is preserved after adjusting for gender, age, past medical history, lifestyle behaviours and educational status. Further research is required to establish if this association persists among retirees. This study confirms the need to tailor health promotion and well-being programs to the different occupational social groups to maximise potential health benefits and to preserve employment among older workers
Environmental Research, 2018
The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature about thirdhan... more The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature about thirdhand smoke (THS). Methods: Systematic review of all aspects of THS. Standard methodological procedures were used to search the following databases through April 2018: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science (WOS) in Indo-European languages. To identify published grey literature, the first 200 hits from Google Scholar TM were evaluated. Clinical trial databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists from the identified articles were also searched. Two unblinded review Results: Sixty-eight articles were included in this systematic review. Of these, 28 analyzed the concentration of nicotine as a component of THS (the most commonly-used method to measure THS in those studies was chromatography, followed by the mass spectrometry), 21 evaluated the exposure and impact of THS on health (11 studies analysed the effect of THS in cells [human and animal], 4 in animals, 1 in adults, and 5 in children), 16 investigated the beliefs, behaviours, and policies related to THS, and 3 evaluated other aspects such as THS in e-cigarettes or hookahs. In these 68 studies, THS was determined by measuring the following components: nicotine (30 studies), nitrosamines (17 studies) and cotinine (15 studies). The findings from most of these studies suggest a potential health impact of THS exposure (i.e.: cytotoxicity, metabolic alterations in metabolism, in glycemia; or cell structure; alterations in liver, lung, skin and behavior in mice), and low awareness about the risks of THS among the general population. Conclusions: Numerous specific biomarkers of THS were evaluated, with the most common being nicotine, nitrosamines, and cotinine. The most common method of preparing THS dust samples were cotton wipes, while chromatography, used alone or coupled with mass spectrometry, was the most common analytical technique. We have tried to establish common bases after reviewing all the current literature of the THS although, there is great heterogeneity between the studies and we have not always succeeded. The studies in this review demonstrate the harmful effects of THS on health in cells, in animal models, and in people including children. However, in people, the long-term effects remain unknown and more research is needed. These studies show that knowledge about THS and its potential harmful effects are poorly understood among the general population. For this reason, THS should receive greater emphasis in education and awareness policies.
Critical Public Health, 2019
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between precarious employment and he... more In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between precarious employment and health-related outcomes in salaried workers from 28 countries in Europe (2014). We used data from the Flash Eurobarometer 398 among salaried workers (n = 7,702). We fitted multilevel generalized linear models (GLMM) using the Poisson family and country as the random effect, to calculate the crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their 95%CI of health-related outcomes (health problems, sick leave, health and safety risks in the workplace) according to precarious employment. We found significant associations between having a precarious employment and health problems caused or worsened by the work (stress/depression/anxiety, musculoskeletal problems, infectious diseases, respiratory problems, accidents/injuries and allergies), sick leave of more than 15 days [aPR: 1.43, (CI95%: 1.09;1.87)] and exposure to violence or harassment [aPR: 1.82, (CI95%: 1.42;2.34)]. Our study shows an association of precarious employment, understood as a multidimensional construct, and negative health-related outcomes and sick leave of more than 15 days. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing legislative measures for reducing non-standard arrangements and for improving the conditions of workers in nonstandard arrangements.
Preventive medicine, Jan 21, 2018
The objective of this work is to describe the acceptability of some tobacco products regulations ... more The objective of this work is to describe the acceptability of some tobacco products regulations and to explore their relation with tobacco control legislation levels in Europe. We used data on tobacco control activities in Europe in 2007, 2010 and 2013 measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and data regarding attitudes about tobacco control regulations (i.e. adding picture health warnings on all packages of tobacco products or increasing taxes on tobacco products) from the Special Eurobarometer of 2009, 2012 and 2014 (n = 80,831). We calculated the prevalence ratio of favorable attitudes towards tobacco products restrictions in the reference year 2009 vs. the most current year (i.e. 2009 vs 2014), and the effect of previous TCS scores on the attitudes towards tobacco products regulations adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Strong support for the studied tobacco products regulations, which modestly increased over time, was observed. A positive relation was generally observ...
Oral Communications, 2017
Gaceta sanitaria, Jan 5, 2017
Consumer panels are a market research method useful for gathering information about low-frequency... more Consumer panels are a market research method useful for gathering information about low-frequency or difficult-access customers. The objective of this field-note is to explain our experience using this method in a cross-sectional public health study on the use of electronic cigarettes. After taking into account other non-probabilistic sampling techniques to obtain a huge sample of electronic-cigarette users (n=600), in the end we decided to use consumer panels (recruiters) because of the relative short duration of the field work and the high representativeness of the sample.
Annals of Public Health
Background/Objectives: Due to serious restrictions on mobility, some children might have increase... more Background/Objectives: Due to serious restrictions on mobility, some children might have increased exposure to THS due to home confinement. To characterize third-hand smoke (THS) exposure in children under 48 months at homes in Spain during the confinement of the first wave of COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic sample of parents (n = 311). The gathered information was about smoking status, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure of their children, and voluntary regulation of tobacco consumption at their home. A variable of THS exposure at home was derived, classifying as 'THS exposed' those children whose parents reported living with a smoker or with smoking parents and non-exposed to SHS; 'Non exposed' children were, therefore, all other children. Results: Almost a quarter of the children (23.5%) were exposed to THS. This prevalence was significantly higher among those children whose parents increased tobacco consumption during confinement (40.5%), whose parents had lower or medium educational levels (42.9% and 41.7%), and with younger parents (24.8%). In contrast, the prevalence was significantly lower among those children living in homes with complete voluntary smoke restrictions (21.1%). Conclusions/Recommendations: To reduce THS exposure among children, it is important to work on information campaigns to raise awareness regarding THS exposure, promote recommendations to avoid exposure to THS, and develop legislation promoting smoke-free environments (in homes and vehicles).
Healthcare
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Sleep Medicine, 2021
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of differ... more OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of difference between the easternmost and westernmost areas, but the time zone is the same in these areas. This difference might have an effect on children's sleep. The aim of this study is to assess if there are differences in the prevalence of short sleep duration between children under 15 years from easternmost (Catalonia) and westernmost (Galicia) continental territory areas in Spain. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 6106). The final sample includes 1004 children under 15 years living in Catalonia and Galicia. We categorized sleep duration according to the National Sleep Foundation recommendations with respect to age in (1) not short sleep duration and (2) short sleep duration. We calculated overall percentages of short sleep duration, and unadjusted and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI), according to area and stratified by confounders and covariates. Unadjusted and adjusted PR were obtained through generalized linear models with Poisson family and robust variance. We adjusted the associations for confounders. RESULTS Children from Galicia were less likely to have short sleep duration than children from Catalonia, aPRGalicia = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45,0.83). CONCLUSIONS Children living in the same country, potentially with a similar timetable, could be having shorter sleep durations according to their longitude position. Further studies are needed in order to consider promoting policies to apply timetables based on the sun position instead of on the national time zone.