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Research paper thumbnail of Ability of the Harris-Benedict formula to predict energy requirements differs with weight history and ethnicity

Nutrition Research, 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on t... more The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on the ability of the Harris Benedict (HB) formula to: 1) predict measured resting energy expenditure (REE), and, 2) accurately estimate energy needs over a 2-week test period. Subjects were never-overweight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=47), overweight (BMI 27-30 kg/m 2 , n=170), and weight-reduced (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=51) healthy, adult African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) women. Food was provided for 2 weeks at an energy level calculated using the HB formula multiplied by a 1.35 activity factor. After 2 weeks, weight, REE (by indirect calorimetry), and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p<0.05 significance. The HB formula overestimated REE 1) in each weight history group (by 160 ±125 kcals among never-overweight, 295 ±189 kcal among overweight, and 105 ±135 among weight-reduced) such that there was a group effect on overestimation (P<0.001) and 2) between ethnicities, with a greater overestimation in AA vs. C (P<0.001). There was a significant effect of weight history group on weight change (P<0.001) over 2-weeks, such that weight-reduced women gained more weight than the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ability of the HB formula to estimate REE differed with weight history status and ethnicity. The accuracy of the HB formula to predict dietary energy needs was affected by weight history status. These results suggest that formulas used to calculate energy needs should take into account weight history and ethnicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Calcium intake in African American and Caucasian female college students and its relationship with weight

The Faseb Journal, Apr 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional, health and behavioral factors are associated with body composition in elderly Puerto Rican women

International journal of body composition research

Objective: To explore the relationship of body composition with measures related to acculturation... more Objective: To explore the relationship of body composition with measures related to acculturation, health perception, and food intake and to explore the linear relationship of food groups described in the US Food Pyramid with body composition parameters. Design: The study considered a sample of 65 postmenopausal Puerto Rican women, ages 59-73, living in New York City. Results: Correlation analysis supported a positive association between acculturation and milk consumption (p = 0.0352), and a negative relationship between health index with both BMI (p = 0.0085) and fat mass (P=0.0153). Regression analysis demonstrated that body fat was significantly predicted by physical activity, and consumption of grains, fruits and vegetables. No direct relationship between acculturation and body composition was observed. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study support that physical activity and the consumption of vegetables, fruits and grains may be related to reduced levels of body fat i...

Research paper thumbnail of Are New Generations of Female College-Student Populations Meeting Calcium Requirements: Comparison of American and Croatian Female Students

Nutrients, 2010

We compared calcium (Ca) sources and intake, as well as multivitamin/mineral supplement use betwe... more We compared calcium (Ca) sources and intake, as well as multivitamin/mineral supplement use between female students with nutrition/health background and those from general-student-populations. 314 participants 18-37 y, including 57 African-Americans and 54 Caucasian-Americans recruited from Nutrition and/or other Health Sciences departments (NHS), and 100 African-American and 103 Croatian women representing general-student-population (GSP), completed food frequency questionnaire assessing their usual Ca intake and supplement use. NHS populations met recommendations and consumed significantly more Ca, particularly from dairy sources, and were more likely to take supplements than GSP groups, suggesting that health education may influence Ca intake.

Research paper thumbnail of Soy and its isoflavones: the truth behind the science in breast cancer

Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 2013

Epidemiological and migratory evidence suggests that dietary soy consumption can lower the risk f... more Epidemiological and migratory evidence suggests that dietary soy consumption can lower the risk for breast cancer. The role of soy isoflavones in cancer prevention and promotion is somewhat unclear. There are two views in terms of soy isoflavones and breast cancer. One line of evidence suggests that soy and its isoflavones have exhibited cancer-preventive properties including lengthening the menstrual cycle, altering estrogen metabolism away from cancerous compounds, and demonstrating anti-proliferative properties in vivo. On the contrary, isoflavones found in soy products are suggested to behave as weak estrogens and as such, much speculation surrounds the influence of soy and/or its isoflavones on hormone-receptor-positive cancers. The objective of this review is to present the latest knowledge regarding the role of soy and its isoflavones with the development and advancement of breast cancer, the safety of soy isoflavones for breast cancer survivors, and a comparison of the carci...

Research paper thumbnail of Ability of the Harris-Benedict formula to predict energy requirements differs with weight history and ethnicity

Nutrition Research, 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on t... more The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on the ability of the Harris Benedict (HB) formula to: 1) predict measured resting energy expenditure (REE), and, 2) accurately estimate energy needs over a 2-week test period. Subjects were never-overweight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=47), overweight (BMI 27-30 kg/m 2 , n=170), and weight-reduced (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=51) healthy, adult African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) women. Food was provided for 2 weeks at an energy level calculated using the HB formula multiplied by a 1.35 activity factor. After 2 weeks, weight, REE (by indirect calorimetry), and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p<0.05 significance. The HB formula overestimated REE 1) in each weight history group (by 160 ±125 kcals among never-overweight, 295 ±189 kcal among overweight, and 105 ±135 among weight-reduced) such that there was a group effect on overestimation (P<0.001) and 2) between ethnicities, with a greater overestimation in AA vs. C (P<0.001). There was a significant effect of weight history group on weight change (P<0.001) over 2-weeks, such that weight-reduced women gained more weight than the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ability of the HB formula to estimate REE differed with weight history status and ethnicity. The accuracy of the HB formula to predict dietary energy needs was affected by weight history status. These results suggest that formulas used to calculate energy needs should take into account weight history and ethnicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls

Fertility and Sterility, 2006

To test the hypothesis that the dietary intake and dietary composition of women with polycystic o... more To test the hypothesis that the dietary intake and dietary composition of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with indices of glycemic status. We hypothesized that women with PCOS would consume a diet higher in total energy, fat, and specific foods with a high glycemic index than would healthy, control-group women and that dietary composition would be associated with indices of insulin resistance and secretion among women with PCOS. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Research center on a university campus. Patient(s): Thirty women with PCOS and 27 healthy, age-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched control women. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Nutrient intake data were collected from a food questionnaire and a 4-day food record. Fasting sera were analyzed for concentrations of insulin and glucose; estimates of insulin resistance were calculated. Result(s): Consumption of total energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and high glycemic index foods was similar between the groups. However, the PCOS group consumed significantly more white bread (7.9 Ϯ 4.4 vs. 5.5 Ϯ 2.9 servings over 4 days) and tended to consume more fried potatoes than did the control group (1.0 Ϯ 1.5 vs. 0.4 Ϯ 0.7 servings over 4 days). The PCOS group had a significantly greater fasting insulin concentration (22.5 Ϯ 14.9 vs. 15.1 Ϯ 8.3 IU/mL) and a significantly lower glucose-to-insulin ratio (4.7 Ϯ 2.1 vs. 7.6 Ϯ 5.2) than the control group. Within the PCOS group, HOMA-IR and HOMA-%␤-cell function were significantly associated with BMI. The HOMA-IR, HOMA-%␤-cell, fasting insulin, and glucose-to-insulin ratio were not positively associated with measures of diet composition. Conclusion(s): Compared with matched control women, women with PCOS exhibited a dietary pattern that was marked by consumption of a greater amount of specific foods with a high glycemic index; however, diet composition was not associated with the greater fasting insulin concentration or with lower glucose-to-insulin ratio that was observed in the PCOS group. (Fertil Steril 2006;86:411-7.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of diet in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility, 2006

To determine whether eucaloric diets either enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 17% ... more To determine whether eucaloric diets either enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 17% energy) or low in carbohydrates (Low CHO; 43% energy) would increase insulin sensitivity (Si) and decrease circulating insulin concentrations, relative to a standard diet (STD; 56% CHO, 31% fat, 16% protein), among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Crossover. Setting: Academic research environment. Patient(s): Healthy women with PCOS not on hormonal or insulin-sensitizing therapy. Intervention(s): Subjects consumed three, 16-day, eucaloric diets, each separated by a 3-week washout period. A frequently sampled, intravenous, glucose tolerance test was administered at baseline and following each diet. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fasting glucose, insulin, the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), Si, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), free T, A4, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tryglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA).

Research paper thumbnail of Ability of the Harris-Benedict formula to predict energy requirements differs with weight history and ethnicity

Nutrition Research, 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on t... more The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on the ability of the Harris Benedict (HB) formula to: 1) predict measured resting energy expenditure (REE), and, 2) accurately estimate energy needs over a 2-week test period. Subjects were never-overweight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=47), overweight (BMI 27-30 kg/m 2 , n=170), and weight-reduced (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=51) healthy, adult African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) women. Food was provided for 2 weeks at an energy level calculated using the HB formula multiplied by a 1.35 activity factor. After 2 weeks, weight, REE (by indirect calorimetry), and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p<0.05 significance. The HB formula overestimated REE 1) in each weight history group (by 160 ±125 kcals among never-overweight, 295 ±189 kcal among overweight, and 105 ±135 among weight-reduced) such that there was a group effect on overestimation (P<0.001) and 2) between ethnicities, with a greater overestimation in AA vs. C (P<0.001). There was a significant effect of weight history group on weight change (P<0.001) over 2-weeks, such that weight-reduced women gained more weight than the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ability of the HB formula to estimate REE differed with weight history status and ethnicity. The accuracy of the HB formula to predict dietary energy needs was affected by weight history status. These results suggest that formulas used to calculate energy needs should take into account weight history and ethnicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Calcium intake in African American and Caucasian female college students and its relationship with weight

The Faseb Journal, Apr 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional, health and behavioral factors are associated with body composition in elderly Puerto Rican women

International journal of body composition research

Objective: To explore the relationship of body composition with measures related to acculturation... more Objective: To explore the relationship of body composition with measures related to acculturation, health perception, and food intake and to explore the linear relationship of food groups described in the US Food Pyramid with body composition parameters. Design: The study considered a sample of 65 postmenopausal Puerto Rican women, ages 59-73, living in New York City. Results: Correlation analysis supported a positive association between acculturation and milk consumption (p = 0.0352), and a negative relationship between health index with both BMI (p = 0.0085) and fat mass (P=0.0153). Regression analysis demonstrated that body fat was significantly predicted by physical activity, and consumption of grains, fruits and vegetables. No direct relationship between acculturation and body composition was observed. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study support that physical activity and the consumption of vegetables, fruits and grains may be related to reduced levels of body fat i...

Research paper thumbnail of Are New Generations of Female College-Student Populations Meeting Calcium Requirements: Comparison of American and Croatian Female Students

Nutrients, 2010

We compared calcium (Ca) sources and intake, as well as multivitamin/mineral supplement use betwe... more We compared calcium (Ca) sources and intake, as well as multivitamin/mineral supplement use between female students with nutrition/health background and those from general-student-populations. 314 participants 18-37 y, including 57 African-Americans and 54 Caucasian-Americans recruited from Nutrition and/or other Health Sciences departments (NHS), and 100 African-American and 103 Croatian women representing general-student-population (GSP), completed food frequency questionnaire assessing their usual Ca intake and supplement use. NHS populations met recommendations and consumed significantly more Ca, particularly from dairy sources, and were more likely to take supplements than GSP groups, suggesting that health education may influence Ca intake.

Research paper thumbnail of Soy and its isoflavones: the truth behind the science in breast cancer

Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 2013

Epidemiological and migratory evidence suggests that dietary soy consumption can lower the risk f... more Epidemiological and migratory evidence suggests that dietary soy consumption can lower the risk for breast cancer. The role of soy isoflavones in cancer prevention and promotion is somewhat unclear. There are two views in terms of soy isoflavones and breast cancer. One line of evidence suggests that soy and its isoflavones have exhibited cancer-preventive properties including lengthening the menstrual cycle, altering estrogen metabolism away from cancerous compounds, and demonstrating anti-proliferative properties in vivo. On the contrary, isoflavones found in soy products are suggested to behave as weak estrogens and as such, much speculation surrounds the influence of soy and/or its isoflavones on hormone-receptor-positive cancers. The objective of this review is to present the latest knowledge regarding the role of soy and its isoflavones with the development and advancement of breast cancer, the safety of soy isoflavones for breast cancer survivors, and a comparison of the carci...

Research paper thumbnail of Ability of the Harris-Benedict formula to predict energy requirements differs with weight history and ethnicity

Nutrition Research, 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on t... more The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weight history status and ethnicity on the ability of the Harris Benedict (HB) formula to: 1) predict measured resting energy expenditure (REE), and, 2) accurately estimate energy needs over a 2-week test period. Subjects were never-overweight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=47), overweight (BMI 27-30 kg/m 2 , n=170), and weight-reduced (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2 , n=51) healthy, adult African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) women. Food was provided for 2 weeks at an energy level calculated using the HB formula multiplied by a 1.35 activity factor. After 2 weeks, weight, REE (by indirect calorimetry), and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p<0.05 significance. The HB formula overestimated REE 1) in each weight history group (by 160 ±125 kcals among never-overweight, 295 ±189 kcal among overweight, and 105 ±135 among weight-reduced) such that there was a group effect on overestimation (P<0.001) and 2) between ethnicities, with a greater overestimation in AA vs. C (P<0.001). There was a significant effect of weight history group on weight change (P<0.001) over 2-weeks, such that weight-reduced women gained more weight than the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ability of the HB formula to estimate REE differed with weight history status and ethnicity. The accuracy of the HB formula to predict dietary energy needs was affected by weight history status. These results suggest that formulas used to calculate energy needs should take into account weight history and ethnicity.

Research paper thumbnail of Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls

Fertility and Sterility, 2006

To test the hypothesis that the dietary intake and dietary composition of women with polycystic o... more To test the hypothesis that the dietary intake and dietary composition of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with indices of glycemic status. We hypothesized that women with PCOS would consume a diet higher in total energy, fat, and specific foods with a high glycemic index than would healthy, control-group women and that dietary composition would be associated with indices of insulin resistance and secretion among women with PCOS. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Research center on a university campus. Patient(s): Thirty women with PCOS and 27 healthy, age-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched control women. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Nutrient intake data were collected from a food questionnaire and a 4-day food record. Fasting sera were analyzed for concentrations of insulin and glucose; estimates of insulin resistance were calculated. Result(s): Consumption of total energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and high glycemic index foods was similar between the groups. However, the PCOS group consumed significantly more white bread (7.9 Ϯ 4.4 vs. 5.5 Ϯ 2.9 servings over 4 days) and tended to consume more fried potatoes than did the control group (1.0 Ϯ 1.5 vs. 0.4 Ϯ 0.7 servings over 4 days). The PCOS group had a significantly greater fasting insulin concentration (22.5 Ϯ 14.9 vs. 15.1 Ϯ 8.3 IU/mL) and a significantly lower glucose-to-insulin ratio (4.7 Ϯ 2.1 vs. 7.6 Ϯ 5.2) than the control group. Within the PCOS group, HOMA-IR and HOMA-%␤-cell function were significantly associated with BMI. The HOMA-IR, HOMA-%␤-cell, fasting insulin, and glucose-to-insulin ratio were not positively associated with measures of diet composition. Conclusion(s): Compared with matched control women, women with PCOS exhibited a dietary pattern that was marked by consumption of a greater amount of specific foods with a high glycemic index; however, diet composition was not associated with the greater fasting insulin concentration or with lower glucose-to-insulin ratio that was observed in the PCOS group. (Fertil Steril 2006;86:411-7.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of diet in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility, 2006

To determine whether eucaloric diets either enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 17% ... more To determine whether eucaloric diets either enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 17% energy) or low in carbohydrates (Low CHO; 43% energy) would increase insulin sensitivity (Si) and decrease circulating insulin concentrations, relative to a standard diet (STD; 56% CHO, 31% fat, 16% protein), among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Crossover. Setting: Academic research environment. Patient(s): Healthy women with PCOS not on hormonal or insulin-sensitizing therapy. Intervention(s): Subjects consumed three, 16-day, eucaloric diets, each separated by a 3-week washout period. A frequently sampled, intravenous, glucose tolerance test was administered at baseline and following each diet. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fasting glucose, insulin, the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), Si, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), free T, A4, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tryglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA).