Cynthia Solomon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cynthia Solomon
ACM Sigcue Outlook, Apr 1, 1970
The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by spl... more The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by splitting the final task into sub-tasks. ;Children, who-Wrote a series of _successively-better-prograts developed a sense of the-heuristic power of such planning._ This led-participants to view_ theniSeives as Models-and to 4acquire ideas about programing based Upon-=their experience; also, the :process of debugging programs assisted them in learning to regard their errort-as emotionally neutral mistakes rather than as 'emotionally charged' crises.
McGraw-Hill, Inc. eBooks, Jul 1, 1985
Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form b... more Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form between students and , machines. Computers, however, can do many others things and it is only inertia and prejudice, not lack of ideas, which stand in the way of = broadening the range of computer applications in schools. Several eicamples, over half ot which have already been Implemented in elementary schools, are sufficient to trove this point. Computers can Ebe.lised to move a machine called a TUrtle in geometric patterns, play games, draw diagrams, make movies, program musical instruments and compose music, computerize erector sets, make light shows, write] poetry, teach physics, and control puppets. _People are inclined to think these projects are expensive, btit they are Usually cheaper than Ones involving teletype machines; such computation would cost about $30.-per child-annually for one bout of computer time per Week, if Several hundred students were involved. (PB) MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A.I. LABORATORY-Artificial Intelligence Memo No.
This note illustrates some ideas about how to initiate beginning students into the art of plannin... more This note illustrates some ideas about how to initiate beginning students into the art of planning and writing a program complex enough to be considered a project rather than an exercise on using the language or simple programming ideas. The project is to write a program to play a simple game ("one-pile NIM" or "21") as invincibly as possible. We developed the project for a class of seventh grader children we taught in 1968-69 at the Muzzey Junior High School in Lexington, Massachusetts. This was the longest programming project these children had encountered, and our intention was to give them a model of how to go about working under these conditions
Educational Technology archive, Jun 1, 1971
Computer Environments for Children, 1988
This paper describes and comments on a seven year old's experiences with turtle graphics in order... more This paper describes and comments on a seven year old's experiences with turtle graphics in order to expLore some important issues with regard to using computers in education and to probe into the question of what programming ideas and projects will engage young children. The case study which is described took place at the Artificial Intelligence LOGO Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where the child, a second grader, spent several hours on a consecutive Saturday and Sunday, talking in LOGO to a display turtle and a PDP-11/45 computer, and engaging in debugging sessions. Nine references are listed. (Author/LLS)
FOREWORD The work reported h3re was performed at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc in Cambridge, Massac... more FOREWORD The work reported h3re was performed at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc in Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract No. AF 19(628)-506.5.
... TU FULT :STEP :AHELE 1 FURHARD :5TEP E LEFT :.FlI'|lEL=E 3 FELT :STEF :HHELE END ENE... more ... TU FULT :STEP :AHELE 1 FURHARD :5TEP E LEFT :.FlI'|lEL=E 3 FELT :STEF :HHELE END ENE FDLTSPI 5 EU '4 Pu;\'5'PI .5 IEO PCILYSPI 5 121 5n1ra1s Tn change the prucedura caI1ad PDLY an as tn draw sp1ra15 we make a very small add1t1fin tn 11H! ...
This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem, Responding to the Problem, Developing A Perso... more This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem, Responding to the Problem, Developing A Personal Computational View, Educational Computing before Microcomputers, Studying Computers in Education, Computer as Interactive Textbook, Computer as Expressive Medium, Concluding Remarks
This chapter contains sections titled: An Overview, The Teaching Process, Examples of Programming... more This chapter contains sections titled: An Overview, The Teaching Process, Examples of Programming in BASIC, History of Project Solo, Theory and Practice: An Inherent Contradiction, Critiquing BASIC as A Carrier of Powerful Ideas, Conflicts in Conveying Powerful Ideas, Eclecticism, Some Concluding Remarks
This chapter contains sections titled: Description of An Arithmetic Curriculum, Stanford CAI and ... more This chapter contains sections titled: Description of An Arithmetic Curriculum, Stanford CAI and CCC, Attractive Features, Intellectual Background, Evaluation, Some Criticisms, CCC for the 1980s, CAI on Microcomputers
This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Learning and Teaching Strategies, The Madison Pr... more This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Learning and Teaching Strategies, The Madison Project and Teachers, Contrasting Suppes and Davis, Details of Some Plato Materials, Plato Math, Research On Mathematics Learning, Intellectual Background, Implementing the Madison Project on Plato, Some Criticisms of the Madison Project on Plato, Davis's Plato Math and Microcomputers
Computer Environments for Children, 1988
In this book, Cynthia Solomon takes a welcome look at the possibilities and issues of learning wi... more In this book, Cynthia Solomon takes a welcome look at the possibilities and issues of learning with and about computers in schools or in any other learning environment.
Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form b... more Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form between students and , machines. Computers, however, can do many others things and it is only inertia and prejudice, not lack of ideas, which stand in the way of = broadening the range of computer applications in schools. Several eicamples, over half ot which have already been Implemented in elementary schools, are sufficient to trove this point. Computers can Ebe.lised to move a machine called a TUrtle in geometric patterns, play games, draw diagrams, make movies, program musical instruments and compose music, computerize erector sets, make light shows, write] poetry, teach physics, and control puppets. _People are inclined to think these projects are expensive, btit they are Usually cheaper than Ones involving teletype machines; such computation would cost about $30.-per child-annually for one bout of computer time per Week, if Several hundred students were involved. (PB) MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A.I. LABORATORY-Artificial Intelligence Memo No.
This document describes ow, to teach a soaputer to add numbers using the LOGO programing guage. T... more This document describes ow, to teach a soaputer to add numbers using the LOGO programing guage. The programing * from the original document.
The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by spl... more The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by splitting the final task into sub-tasks. ;Children, who-Wrote a series of _successively-better-prograts developed a sense of the-heuristic power of such planning._ This led-participants to view_ theniSeives as Models-and to 4acquire ideas about programing based Upon-=their experience; also, the :process of debugging programs assisted them in learning to regard their errort-as emotionally neutral mistakes rather than as 'emotionally charged' crises.
ACM Sigcue Outlook, Apr 1, 1970
The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by spl... more The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by splitting the final task into sub-tasks. ;Children, who-Wrote a series of _successively-better-prograts developed a sense of the-heuristic power of such planning._ This led-participants to view_ theniSeives as Models-and to 4acquire ideas about programing based Upon-=their experience; also, the :process of debugging programs assisted them in learning to regard their errort-as emotionally neutral mistakes rather than as 'emotionally charged' crises.
McGraw-Hill, Inc. eBooks, Jul 1, 1985
Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form b... more Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form between students and , machines. Computers, however, can do many others things and it is only inertia and prejudice, not lack of ideas, which stand in the way of = broadening the range of computer applications in schools. Several eicamples, over half ot which have already been Implemented in elementary schools, are sufficient to trove this point. Computers can Ebe.lised to move a machine called a TUrtle in geometric patterns, play games, draw diagrams, make movies, program musical instruments and compose music, computerize erector sets, make light shows, write] poetry, teach physics, and control puppets. _People are inclined to think these projects are expensive, btit they are Usually cheaper than Ones involving teletype machines; such computation would cost about $30.-per child-annually for one bout of computer time per Week, if Several hundred students were involved. (PB) MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A.I. LABORATORY-Artificial Intelligence Memo No.
This note illustrates some ideas about how to initiate beginning students into the art of plannin... more This note illustrates some ideas about how to initiate beginning students into the art of planning and writing a program complex enough to be considered a project rather than an exercise on using the language or simple programming ideas. The project is to write a program to play a simple game ("one-pile NIM" or "21") as invincibly as possible. We developed the project for a class of seventh grader children we taught in 1968-69 at the Muzzey Junior High School in Lexington, Massachusetts. This was the longest programming project these children had encountered, and our intention was to give them a model of how to go about working under these conditions
Educational Technology archive, Jun 1, 1971
Computer Environments for Children, 1988
This paper describes and comments on a seven year old's experiences with turtle graphics in order... more This paper describes and comments on a seven year old's experiences with turtle graphics in order to expLore some important issues with regard to using computers in education and to probe into the question of what programming ideas and projects will engage young children. The case study which is described took place at the Artificial Intelligence LOGO Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where the child, a second grader, spent several hours on a consecutive Saturday and Sunday, talking in LOGO to a display turtle and a PDP-11/45 computer, and engaging in debugging sessions. Nine references are listed. (Author/LLS)
FOREWORD The work reported h3re was performed at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc in Cambridge, Massac... more FOREWORD The work reported h3re was performed at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc in Cambridge, Massachusetts for the Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract No. AF 19(628)-506.5.
... TU FULT :STEP :AHELE 1 FURHARD :5TEP E LEFT :.FlI'|lEL=E 3 FELT :STEF :HHELE END ENE... more ... TU FULT :STEP :AHELE 1 FURHARD :5TEP E LEFT :.FlI'|lEL=E 3 FELT :STEF :HHELE END ENE FDLTSPI 5 EU '4 Pu;\'5'PI .5 IEO PCILYSPI 5 121 5n1ra1s Tn change the prucedura caI1ad PDLY an as tn draw sp1ra15 we make a very small add1t1fin tn 11H! ...
This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem, Responding to the Problem, Developing A Perso... more This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem, Responding to the Problem, Developing A Personal Computational View, Educational Computing before Microcomputers, Studying Computers in Education, Computer as Interactive Textbook, Computer as Expressive Medium, Concluding Remarks
This chapter contains sections titled: An Overview, The Teaching Process, Examples of Programming... more This chapter contains sections titled: An Overview, The Teaching Process, Examples of Programming in BASIC, History of Project Solo, Theory and Practice: An Inherent Contradiction, Critiquing BASIC as A Carrier of Powerful Ideas, Conflicts in Conveying Powerful Ideas, Eclecticism, Some Concluding Remarks
This chapter contains sections titled: Description of An Arithmetic Curriculum, Stanford CAI and ... more This chapter contains sections titled: Description of An Arithmetic Curriculum, Stanford CAI and CCC, Attractive Features, Intellectual Background, Evaluation, Some Criticisms, CCC for the 1980s, CAI on Microcomputers
This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Learning and Teaching Strategies, The Madison Pr... more This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Learning and Teaching Strategies, The Madison Project and Teachers, Contrasting Suppes and Davis, Details of Some Plato Materials, Plato Math, Research On Mathematics Learning, Intellectual Background, Implementing the Madison Project on Plato, Some Criticisms of the Madison Project on Plato, Davis's Plato Math and Microcomputers
Computer Environments for Children, 1988
In this book, Cynthia Solomon takes a welcome look at the possibilities and issues of learning wi... more In this book, Cynthia Solomon takes a welcome look at the possibilities and issues of learning with and about computers in schools or in any other learning environment.
Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form b... more Ideas about compliers in education are usually limited to transactions of a conversational form between students and , machines. Computers, however, can do many others things and it is only inertia and prejudice, not lack of ideas, which stand in the way of = broadening the range of computer applications in schools. Several eicamples, over half ot which have already been Implemented in elementary schools, are sufficient to trove this point. Computers can Ebe.lised to move a machine called a TUrtle in geometric patterns, play games, draw diagrams, make movies, program musical instruments and compose music, computerize erector sets, make light shows, write] poetry, teach physics, and control puppets. _People are inclined to think these projects are expensive, btit they are Usually cheaper than Ones involving teletype machines; such computation would cost about $30.-per child-annually for one bout of computer time per Week, if Several hundred students were involved. (PB) MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A.I. LABORATORY-Artificial Intelligence Memo No.
This document describes ow, to teach a soaputer to add numbers using the LOGO programing guage. T... more This document describes ow, to teach a soaputer to add numbers using the LOGO programing guage. The programing * from the original document.
The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by spl... more The primary teaching_ purpose was to develop the idea that a final winningcould be reached by splitting the final task into sub-tasks. ;Children, who-Wrote a series of _successively-better-prograts developed a sense of the-heuristic power of such planning._ This led-participants to view_ theniSeives as Models-and to 4acquire ideas about programing based Upon-=their experience; also, the :process of debugging programs assisted them in learning to regard their errort-as emotionally neutral mistakes rather than as 'emotionally charged' crises.