Dénes Attila Molnár - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dénes Attila Molnár

Neonatology, 1996

Insulin (I) plays a crucial role in the maturation of the perinatal brain, and it may also be inv... more Insulin (I) plays a crucial role in the maturation of the perinatal brain, and it may also be involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of neonatal asphyxia on the regulation of I and glucose (G) metabolism in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in newborn piglets. The I concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, while the G levels were analyzed by the G oxidase method during three phases (basal, critical, recovery) of bilateral pneumothorax in newborn piglets. We observed a significant hyperinsulinism (p &amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) both in plasma and CSF and a mild hypoglycemia (p &amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) during the recovery period. Postasphyxial G infusion (1.1 M, 10 ml.kg-1) amplified the hyperinsulinism. The ICSF/plasma ratio (mean +/- SEM; n = 16) was decreasing during cardiovascular failure (0.09 +/- 0.02; NS) as compared with the initial value (0.12 +/- 0.04), then it returned to basal values by 60 min (0.14 +/- 0.04; NS), and increased significantly 180 min (0.40 +/- 0.14; p &amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) after resuscitation of the piglets. There was a similar increase in GCSF/plasma ratio in asphyxiated animals at the end of experiments (0.99 +/- 0.15 vs. initial 0.76 +/- 0.05; p &amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, neonatal asphyxia resulted in plasma and CSF hyperinsulinism which may alter hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damages.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2004

The insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X, metabolic syndrome) has become the major health prob... more The insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X, metabolic syndrome) has become the major health problem of our times. Associated obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes conspire to shorten life spans, while hyperandrogenism with polycystic ovarian syndrome affect the quality of life and fertility of increasing numbers of women. Whereas a growing number of single genetic diseases affecting satiety or energy metabolism have been found to produce the clinical phenotype, strong familial occurrences, especially in racially prone groups such as those from the Indian subcontinent, or individuals of African, Hispanic, and American Indian descents, together with emerging genetic findings, are revealing the polygenetic nature of the syndrome. However, the strong lifestyle factors of excessive carbohydrate and fat consumption and lack of exercise are important keys to the phenotypic expression of the syndrome. The natural history includes small for gestational ag...

European Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

International journal of epidemiology, Jan 19, 2018

Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distr... more Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transforme...

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2009

Public Health Nutrition, 2013

ObjectiveTo analyse the association between family structure and adiposity in children.DesignCros... more ObjectiveTo analyse the association between family structure and adiposity in children.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study cohort.SettingPrimary schools and kindergartens.SubjectsChildren (n12 350; aged 7·9 (sd1·8) years) for the cross-sectional analysis and children (n5236; at baseline: normal weight, aged 5·9 (sd1·8) years) for the longitudinal study underwent anthropometry. Family structure was analysed as (i) number and type of cohabiting adults and (ii) number of siblings.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, after controlling for covariates, children living with grandparents had significantly higher BMIZ-score than those living with both parents (0·63; 95 % CI 0·33, 0·92v. 0·19; 95 % CI 0·17, 0·22;P< 0·01); in addition, the higher the number of siblings, the lower the BMIZ-score (only child = 0·31; 95 % CI 0·24, 0·38; 1 sibling = 0·19; ...

Pediatric Research, 1990

To confirm the hypothesis that I modifies G pharmawkinetic with high risk of toxicrty. we studied... more To confirm the hypothesis that I modifies G pharmawkinetic with high risk of toxicrty. we studied 48 neonates (mean gestational age (GA) 28.3 w., birth-weight 1125 g, postnatal age 4.5 d.) affected by respiratory problems and treated with following schedule of G administration: 2.5 mg(Kg/dose every 24 h for GA <32 w. and every 18 h for GA 32-34 w. Twenty-eight neonates were treated onb with G (group 1) and twenty were also treated with I (group 2). The serum G coocentrations (immnofluorescence assay) were (mcg/ml):

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate prospective associations between dietary patterns and cog... more The aim of the study was to investigate prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence. Methods: Participants were sourced from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study that includes 2868 children born between 1989 and 1992 in Perth, Western Australia. When the children were 17 years old (2006-2009), cognitive performance was assessed using a computerized cognitive battery of tests (CogState) that included six tasks. Using a food frequency questionnaire administered when the children were 14 years old (2003-2006), 'Healthy' and 'Western' dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Associations between dietary patterns at 14 years of age and cognitive performance at 17 years of age were assessed prospectively using multivariate regression models. Results: Dietary and cognitive performance data were available for 602 participants. Following adjustment for the "Healthy" dietary pattern, total energy intake, maternal education, family income, fathers presence in the family, family functioning and gender, we found that a longer reaction time in the detection task (β= 0.016; 95% CI: 0.004; 0.028; p= 0.009) and a higher number of total errors in the Groton Maze Learning Test-delayed recall task (β= 0.060; 95% CI: 0.006; 0.114; p= 0.029) were significantly associated with higher scores on the 'Western' dietary pattern. The "Western" dietary pattern was characterised by high intakes of take away food, red and processed meat, soft drink, fried and refined food. We also found that within the dietary patterns, high intake of fried potato, crisps and red meat had negative associations, while increased fruit and leafy green vegetable intake had positive associations with some aspects of cognitive performance.

Appetite, 2007

Cognitive profiles of 12 schoolboys with obesity were compared with their peers with normal weigh... more Cognitive profiles of 12 schoolboys with obesity were compared with their peers with normal weight. For the cognitive assessment five clinical tasks were selected: digit span memory, Raven's progressive matrices (intelligence), semantic verbal fluency, D2 attention endurance and Wisconsin card sorting test. We found no differences in memory, intelligence and verbal fluency between the two groups. Children with obesity performed worse on D2 and Wisconsin tests. Correlations confirmed relationships between body weight, body mass index, attention and Wisconsin measured perseveration in set-shifting. This suggests that childhood obesity involves cognitive deficits in shifting and attention abilities.

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2013

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess factors that have an effect on the accur... more Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess factors that have an effect on the accuracy of self-reported weight and height in adolescents. Methods: Weight and height of 3,865 European adolescents aged 12.5 to 17.5 years were self-reported via specific questionnaire. Then real weight and height were measured using accurate equipment and standardized protocols. Differences (D) between self-reported and measured weight and height were calculated, and factors that could have influenced the accuracy of self-reported weight and height were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Student's t test and multivariate regression. Results: Adolescents underestimated their weight (D = -0.81 kg; n = 2,968) and overestimated their height (D = +0.74 cm; n = 3,308). Obese girls underestimated their weight (D = -4.70 kg) and overestimated their height (D = +0.22 cm) to a greater extent (p < 0.05) than obese boys (D = -3.13 kg and +0.14 cm for weight and height, respectively). Und...

Annals of Human Biology, 2013

Neonatal development may have an influence on post-natal nutritional status. Age at adiposity reb... more Neonatal development may have an influence on post-natal nutritional status. Age at adiposity rebound is critical for later development of nutritional status. The objective was to analyse the relationship between neonatal development and post-natal changes in nutritional status. Subjects were studied in a longitudinal national survey (1980-2001) from birth (n = 6219) to 18.0 years (n = 1448). Subjects were divided into small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) sub-groups. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI. The Reed-Asefa model was fitted to the subject&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s serial data of BMI. The body parameters of the neonatal developmental sub-groups differed significantly in all studied neonatal body dimensions: the higher the intra-uterine growth rate (the slowest growth rate was assumed in the SGA, the fastest in the LGA children), the heavier the body weight, the longer the length and the bigger the BMI values found. The nutritional status of the neonatal developmental sub-groups differed significantly during the studied post-natal interval: the higher the pre-natal growth rate, the better nutritional status (the larger BMI) was found after birth. Neonatal development influenced strongly the post-natal nutritional status of children. The results indicate that not only age at adiposity rebound but also neonatal developmental status can be used as an indicator of later obesity.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2010

on behalf of the HELENA Study Group Background: It is unclear how much physical activity is neces... more on behalf of the HELENA Study Group Background: It is unclear how much physical activity is necessary to prevent obesity during adolescence. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the current physical activity guidelines for youth are associated with a lower risk of excess of body fat in European adolescents. Methods: A sample of 2094 adolescents from the HELENA cross-sectional study was selected. Levels of moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometers. BMI and percentage of body fat (skinfolds) were calculated and used to categorize the adolescents as normal-weight/normal-fat, overweight/overfat, and obese. Data were collected during 2006-2007. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, performed in 2009, was used to determine thresholds that best discriminate between weight and body fat categories. Results: ROC analysis showed that Ն18 minutes/day in vigorous physical activity and Ն55 minutes/day in MVPA signifıcantly discriminated between normal-weight and overweightϩobesity categories. Moreover, Ն9 minutes/day of vigorous physical activity and Ն49 minutes/day of MVPA discriminated between normal-fat and overfat/obese adolescents. Adolescents who did not meet the current physical activity guidelines for youth of 60 minutes/day in MVPA increased the risk of having overweightϩobesity (ORϭ1.24, 95% CIϭ1.01, 1.534) and overfatϩobesity (ORϭ1.79, 95% CIϭ1.33, 2.42). ORs increased when adolescents did not meet the guidelines of at least 15 minutes/ day in vigorous physical activity. Conclusions: Current physical activity guidelines seem to be appropriate to prevent excess of body fat in European adolescents. However, participation in vigorous physical activity might have additional importance in preventing obesity.

American Journal of Human Biology, 2010

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009

Numerous studies have found an association between shorter sleep duration and higher body mass in... more Numerous studies have found an association between shorter sleep duration and higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional and relied on self-reported sleep duration, which may not be very accurate. In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Sleep Study (2000-2006), the authors examine whether objectively measured sleep is associated with BMI and change in BMI. They use several nights of wrist actigraphy to measure sleep among participants in an ongoing cohort of middle-aged adults. By use of linear regression, the authors examine whether average sleep duration or fragmentation is associated with BMI and 5-year change in BMI, adjusting for confounders. Among 612 participants, sleep duration averaged 6.1 hours and was grouped into 4 categories. Both shorter sleep and greater fragmentation were strongly associated with higher BMI in unadjusted cross-sectional analysis. After adjustment, BMI decreased by 0.78 kg/m 2 (95% confidence interval: À1.6, À0.002) for each increasing sleep category. The association was very strong in persons who reported snoring and weak in those who did not. There were no longitudinal associations between sleep measurements and change in BMI. The authors confirmed a cross-sectional association between sleep duration and BMI using objective sleep measures, but they did not find that sleep predicted change in BMI. The mechanism underlying the cross-sectional association is not clear.

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2011

The authors' aim in this cross-sectional study was to characterize levels of objectively measured... more The authors' aim in this cross-sectional study was to characterize levels of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents from 9 European countries. The study comprised 2,200 European adolescents (1,184 girls) participating in the HELENA cross-sectional study (2006-2008). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry and was expressed as average intensity (counts/minute) and amount of time (minutes/day) spent engaging in moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Time spent in sedentary behaviors was also objectively measured. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by means of the 20-m shuttle run test. Level of maternal education was reported by the adolescents. A higher proportion of boys (56.8% of boys vs. 27.5% of girls) met the physical activity recommendations of at least 60 minutes/day of MVPA. Adolescents spent most of the registered time in sedentary behaviors (9 hours/day, or 71% of the registered time). Both average intensity and MVPA were higher in adolescents with high cardiorespiratory fitness, and sedentary time was lower in the highfitness group. There were no physical activity or sedentary time differences between maternal education categories. These data provide an objective measure of physical activity and amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in a relatively large number of European adolescents.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011

Background: Blood vitamin E concentrations are modulated by dietary, metabolic, and genetic facto... more Background: Blood vitamin E concentrations are modulated by dietary, metabolic, and genetic factors. CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), a class B scavenger receptor, might be involved in tissue vitamin E uptake and thus would influence blood vitamin E concentrations. Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the association between CD36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plasma a-tocopherol concentrations in humans. Design: A subsample from the adult SU.VI.MAX (SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) cohort (n = 621) and the adolescent cross-sectional HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study (n = 993) were genotyped for CD36 SNPs (4 and 10 SNPs, respectively). Fasting plasma a-tocopherol concentrations were assayed by using HPLC. Associations were determined by haplotype analyses and by general linear regression models. Results: In the SU.VI.MAX subsample, haplotype analyses showed that some haplotypes of SNPs rs1984112, rs1527479, rs7755, and rs1527483 tended to be associated with plasma a-tocopherol concentrations (P = 0.08 and P = 0.09 for haplotypes 1222 and 1122, respectively). We then investigated the whole known common genetic variability (10 SNPs) of CD36 in the HELENA Study. Three SNPs were associated with lower plasma a-tocopherol concentrations (rs1984112: 23.2%, P = 0.053; rs1761667: 22.9%, P = 0.046; rs1527479: 23.7%, P = 0.0061). After correction for multiple testing, the association between rs1527479 and a-tocopherol concentrations remained significant. This association was modulated by concentrations of fasting serum triglycerides (P for interaction = 0.006) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (P for interaction = 0.005). Conclusion: Our results suggest that CD36 can modulate blood a-tocopherol concentrations and may therefore be involved in the intestinal absorption or tissue uptake of vitamin E.

Acta Paediatrica, 2007

Aim: The aim of the study was to review the published and unpublished data on type 2 diabetes in ... more Aim: The aim of the study was to review the published and unpublished data on type 2 diabetes in European children in order to determine how common this problem is in the dominantly Caucasian population. Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched and a questionnaire was distributed among European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) representatives from 16 countries. Results: One hundred and eighty-four children with type 2 diabetes were diagnosed in Europe, 144 of them of Caucasian origin. The majority of them were overweight females and, had positive family history for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Because of the significant rates of type 2 diabetes in Europe, screening for it in obese children and adolescents is highly recommended.