Dimitriya Bozukova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dimitriya Bozukova
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2016
PLOS ONE, Dec 11, 2014
<p>(A) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbe... more <p>(A) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (B) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - FITC-RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (C) From C1s spectra in (A) and (B), quantification of amide/C-C and (amine + C-CO)/C-C ratios for each material.</p
PLOS ONE, Dec 11, 2014
<p>(A) The fluorescence images of LEC-adhered surface (cytokeratin in red, tubulin in green... more <p>(A) The fluorescence images of LEC-adhered surface (cytokeratin in red, tubulin in green, nucleus in blue) (bar = 100 µm). (B) Quantification of the cell coverage ratio (green channel) (left) and the normalized EMT marker expression profile (red channel/green channel) (right) from three independent images shown in (A).</p
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2016
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2017
Highlights IOLs were modified by Ar-plasma assisted grafting and loaded with moxifloxacin. Gr... more Highlights IOLs were modified by Ar-plasma assisted grafting and loaded with moxifloxacin. Grafting with AMPS led to the best drug release profiles, ensuring, at least, 16 days of release. Physico-chemical properties of the lenses were not significantly affected by the modification. In vitro tests showed effectiveness against S. aureus and S. epidermidis for 12 days. The system presents high potential for the prevention of endophthalmitis.
The invention relates to a method for the production of nanoparticles comprising a conjugated pol... more The invention relates to a method for the production of nanoparticles comprising a conjugated polymer. The method comprises (i) providing a reaction mixture with a monomer, a photosensitising agent and a solvent, and (ii) exposing the reaction mixture to photo-irradiation to form nanoparticles of a conjugated polymer wherein the photosensitising agent is immiscible with the solvent
Surface Property Analysis: Grafting of peptide do not alter its functions required for IOL implan... more Surface Property Analysis: Grafting of peptide do not alter its functions required for IOL implantation.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2016
Poster presented at the ARVO 2016 Annual Meeting [Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalm... more Poster presented at the ARVO 2016 Annual Meeting [Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology]. Seattle, USA, 1-5 May 2016N/
A cataract is pathology opacity of the lens, causing impairment of vision or even blindness. Toda... more A cataract is pathology opacity of the lens, causing impairment of vision or even blindness. Today, a surgery is still the only available treatment. The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens in the cataract surgery. The materials for IOL require excellent optical properties for light transmission, mechanical properties for folding injection during surgery, and biological properties for preventing body rejection. The biocompatibility - or more specified, bio-inert - seems to be the prerequisite in selecting the materials. [1] However, the bioinert materials could not satisfy the unmet need in the secondary cataract control. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO, or Secondary Cataract), characterized by a thick and cloudy layer of lens epithelial cells (LECs), is the most common postoperative complication. In 1997, a “Sandwich Theory” model was proposed to elucidate the developmental process of PCO. [2] In this model, the residual LECs between the lens capsular bag and the IOL undergo proliferation, migration, as well as transdifferentiation and finally induce PCO if the affinity to the IOL material is low. In our research, a bioactive molecule is introduced to the conventional acrylic hydrophilic polymer pHEMA(Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) by covalent conjugation. The RGD peptide sequence, being well-known for its tissue integration ability, is designed to stimulate the biointegration between the LECs and the IOL. [3]. Our data have shown the peptide grafted biomaterial not only exhibits similar optical and mechanical properties, but also reveals enhanced biological properties in cell adhesion and cell morphology maintenance. By means of surface functionalization of IOL to stabilize and restore LECs, the secondary cataract could be controlled in a regenerative medicine way. References [1] Dimitriya Bozukova (2010) Materials Science and Engineering R, 69: 63-83. [2] Reijo Linnola (1997) J Cataract Refract Surg., 10: 1539–42. [3] Ruoslahti E (1986) Cell, 44(4): 517-8
A high bio-adhesion appears to be one of the key factor for posterior capsular opacification (PCO... more A high bio-adhesion appears to be one of the key factor for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) prevention. Indeed, the proteins adsorption and the lens epithelial cells (LEC) adhesion both contribute to PCO development. We present in this work the comparison of a new glistening free hydrophobic material (GF® from Physiol) with benchmark hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials regarding their chemicophysical properties and their respective ability to interact with lens epithelial cells and proteins. For this purpose, we determined the hydrophobicity by contact angle measurement (assessed by water drop and air bubble methods), the surface adhesiveness by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the proteins adsorption by fluorescent measurement and the LEC adhesion by the determination of cell density. The new hydrophobic material presents comparable hydrophobicity, proteins adsorption and LEC adhesion to current commercial hydrophobic material. Its adhesiveness, measured with the AFM, is intermediate between hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. In conclusion, the bio-adhesion properties of this new glistening free hydrophobic IOL material are similar to generic hydrophobic acrylic materials and therefore should to the same extent prevent PCO.Peer reviewe
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2019
PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to ensure controlled... more PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to ensure controlled and sustained release of moxifloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used for endophthalmitis prophylaxis after cataract surgery. SETTING Academic, industrial, and clinical partners from Portugal, Belgium, Iceland, and the United States. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS The physical properties of IOLs loaded with moxifloxacin by soaking were characterized. In vitro drug-release studies were performed under hydrodynamic conditions similar to those of the eye, and the activity of the released drug was tested. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated, and the in vivo efficacy of the devices was assessed through rabbit experiments in which the effects of topical moxifloxacin drops (control) and moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs were compared. RESULTS The presence of moxifloxacin in the IOLs had little effect on the evaluated physical properties and did not induce cytotoxicity. In vitro drug release experiments showed that the IOLs provided controlled release of moxifloxacin for approximately 2 weeks. The drug remained active against the tested microorganisms during that period. Moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs and the control treatment induced similar in vivo behavior in terms of inflammatory reactions, capsular bag opacification scores, and uveal and capsule biocompatibility. The drug concentration in the aqueous humor after 1 week was similar in both groups; however, the concentration with the loaded IOLs was less variable. CONCLUSION The moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs released the drug in a controlled manner, providing therapeutic levels.
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015
PurposeThe goal of our research was to investigate the possibility of using drug loaded intra‐ocu... more PurposeThe goal of our research was to investigate the possibility of using drug loaded intra‐ocular lenses (IOLs) as an alternative to topical antibiotic usually prescribed after cataract surgery.MethodsAlthough widely used in drug release studies due to its simplicity in comparing systems, static conditions are far from reproducing biological conditions. A microfluidic cell mimetizing chamber's aqueous humor hydrodynamic is a much closer approach. With a volume of 250 µL, the cell is fed with a continuous flow of saline solution at a physiological similar rate.ResultsResults showed that 30 days preconditioned IOLs were able to maintain a MXF concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae for 20 days.ConclusionsFurther investigation in using moxifloxacin loaded IOls as effective to prevent post cataract surgery endophthalmitis is encouraged.
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015
Purpose Ocular drug delivery systems replacing or complementing the usual therapeutics after cata... more Purpose Ocular drug delivery systems replacing or complementing the usual therapeutics after cataract surgery have been the focus of several studies. A possible solution could be implanting intra-ocular lenses (IOLs) also acting as drug carriers. The main challenge is to obtain IOLs that besides providing the best refractive outcome release the drug at a suitable rate. The purpose of our research was to design an effective strategy to incorporate the drug and study the release profile. Methods IOL surface was modified with PHEMA [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] by treatment with argon plasma and subsequent immersion in a HEMA solution with moxifloxacin (MFX; Vigamox®), followed by a final immersion in an MFX solution. Drug release profiles were obtained in vitro under hydrodynamic conditions, which simulate those found in the eye for the aqueous humor. A microfluidic cell with a volume of 250 μL was designed and used with a continuous flow of saline solution, at 37°C, with a renovation rate similar to the physiological one. Results Results showed that MFX was released with concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae for 11 days. Conclusions In the conditions described, IOLs surface modification with PHEMA has allowed an extended drug release effective to prevent post cataract surgery endophthalmitis.
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 2015
To analyze the behavior of a new double-C-loop quadripod symmetrical intraocular lens (IOL) platf... more To analyze the behavior of a new double-C-loop quadripod symmetrical intraocular lens (IOL) platform combined with a hydrophilic lens material and a new hydrophobic glistening-free acrylic lens material, Ankoris and Podeye, respectively, in silico (computer simulation), in vitro (laboratory investigation), and in vivo (rabbit model). John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and Physiol S.A., Liege, Belgium. Experimental study. An in silico simulation investigation was performed using finite elements software, an in vitro investigation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO11979-3:2012), and an in vivo implantation in a rabbit model with 4 weeks of follow-up. Postmortem data were collected by Miyake-Apple gross examination and histopathologic analyses. Biocompatibility and IOL centration were tested. Both IOLs demonstrated statistically insignificant variations in posterior and anterior capsule opacification and Soemmerring ring formation. They were well biotolerated with no signs of toxicity, inflammation, or neovascularization. Axial and centration stability were noted in vitro and in vivo as a result of significant contact between surrounding tissues and haptics and the posterior portion of the optic. The results suggest suitability of the double-C loop IOL platform for the manufacturing of premium (ie, multifocal, toric, and multifocal toric) IOLs. Drs. Bozukova, Gobin, and Pagnoulle are employees of Physiol S.A., Liege, Belgium. Dr. Pagnoulle has a proprietary interest in the tested intraocular lenses. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens after catara... more The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens after cataract surgery. When the implant is introduced into the lens capsule, the polymer starts to interact with the aqueous humour and the exchange of molecules between the solid and the liquid begins. The nature of exchange in water, ions, and biomolecules may result in several postoperative complications including glistening, calcification, and posterior capsular opacification. The posterior capsular opacification (PCO, also called “Secondary Cataract”) is raised from the over-growth of residual lens epithelial cells. The first step of the over-growth process of the cells is their adhesion to the deposited biomolecules, such as proteins involved in extra-cellular matrices. The purpose of this study is to identify the principal proteins adsorbed onto the acrylic polymers by mass spectrometry. The concept of adsorbome is to generate a list of adsorbed proteins to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, and then compare the difference to the original component of aqueous humour in order to see the affinity of individual protein to each material. Two kinds of hydrophilic and two kinds of hydrophobic acrylic polymers were tested for their adsorbomes by treating them with an aqueous humour analogue and the major adsorbed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the hydrophilic acrylic polymer shows a relative lower protein adsorption rate but shows a higher incidence of secondary cataract. This phenomenon implies the adsorbed proteins play a crucial role in progress of secondary cataract
In the present work an optimized sample preparation protocol to identify and quantify the “adsorb... more In the present work an optimized sample preparation protocol to identify and quantify the “adsorbomes” of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials for IOLs known to have a higher or a lower incidence of PCO, respectively was obtained
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2016
PLOS ONE, Dec 11, 2014
<p>(A) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbe... more <p>(A) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (B) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - FITC-RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (C) From C1s spectra in (A) and (B), quantification of amide/C-C and (amine + C-CO)/C-C ratios for each material.</p
PLOS ONE, Dec 11, 2014
<p>(A) The fluorescence images of LEC-adhered surface (cytokeratin in red, tubulin in green... more <p>(A) The fluorescence images of LEC-adhered surface (cytokeratin in red, tubulin in green, nucleus in blue) (bar = 100 µm). (B) Quantification of the cell coverage ratio (green channel) (left) and the normalized EMT marker expression profile (red channel/green channel) (right) from three independent images shown in (A).</p
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2016
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2017
Highlights IOLs were modified by Ar-plasma assisted grafting and loaded with moxifloxacin. Gr... more Highlights IOLs were modified by Ar-plasma assisted grafting and loaded with moxifloxacin. Grafting with AMPS led to the best drug release profiles, ensuring, at least, 16 days of release. Physico-chemical properties of the lenses were not significantly affected by the modification. In vitro tests showed effectiveness against S. aureus and S. epidermidis for 12 days. The system presents high potential for the prevention of endophthalmitis.
The invention relates to a method for the production of nanoparticles comprising a conjugated pol... more The invention relates to a method for the production of nanoparticles comprising a conjugated polymer. The method comprises (i) providing a reaction mixture with a monomer, a photosensitising agent and a solvent, and (ii) exposing the reaction mixture to photo-irradiation to form nanoparticles of a conjugated polymer wherein the photosensitising agent is immiscible with the solvent
Surface Property Analysis: Grafting of peptide do not alter its functions required for IOL implan... more Surface Property Analysis: Grafting of peptide do not alter its functions required for IOL implantation.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2016
Poster presented at the ARVO 2016 Annual Meeting [Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalm... more Poster presented at the ARVO 2016 Annual Meeting [Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology]. Seattle, USA, 1-5 May 2016N/
A cataract is pathology opacity of the lens, causing impairment of vision or even blindness. Toda... more A cataract is pathology opacity of the lens, causing impairment of vision or even blindness. Today, a surgery is still the only available treatment. The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens in the cataract surgery. The materials for IOL require excellent optical properties for light transmission, mechanical properties for folding injection during surgery, and biological properties for preventing body rejection. The biocompatibility - or more specified, bio-inert - seems to be the prerequisite in selecting the materials. [1] However, the bioinert materials could not satisfy the unmet need in the secondary cataract control. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO, or Secondary Cataract), characterized by a thick and cloudy layer of lens epithelial cells (LECs), is the most common postoperative complication. In 1997, a “Sandwich Theory” model was proposed to elucidate the developmental process of PCO. [2] In this model, the residual LECs between the lens capsular bag and the IOL undergo proliferation, migration, as well as transdifferentiation and finally induce PCO if the affinity to the IOL material is low. In our research, a bioactive molecule is introduced to the conventional acrylic hydrophilic polymer pHEMA(Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) by covalent conjugation. The RGD peptide sequence, being well-known for its tissue integration ability, is designed to stimulate the biointegration between the LECs and the IOL. [3]. Our data have shown the peptide grafted biomaterial not only exhibits similar optical and mechanical properties, but also reveals enhanced biological properties in cell adhesion and cell morphology maintenance. By means of surface functionalization of IOL to stabilize and restore LECs, the secondary cataract could be controlled in a regenerative medicine way. References [1] Dimitriya Bozukova (2010) Materials Science and Engineering R, 69: 63-83. [2] Reijo Linnola (1997) J Cataract Refract Surg., 10: 1539–42. [3] Ruoslahti E (1986) Cell, 44(4): 517-8
A high bio-adhesion appears to be one of the key factor for posterior capsular opacification (PCO... more A high bio-adhesion appears to be one of the key factor for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) prevention. Indeed, the proteins adsorption and the lens epithelial cells (LEC) adhesion both contribute to PCO development. We present in this work the comparison of a new glistening free hydrophobic material (GF® from Physiol) with benchmark hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials regarding their chemicophysical properties and their respective ability to interact with lens epithelial cells and proteins. For this purpose, we determined the hydrophobicity by contact angle measurement (assessed by water drop and air bubble methods), the surface adhesiveness by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the proteins adsorption by fluorescent measurement and the LEC adhesion by the determination of cell density. The new hydrophobic material presents comparable hydrophobicity, proteins adsorption and LEC adhesion to current commercial hydrophobic material. Its adhesiveness, measured with the AFM, is intermediate between hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. In conclusion, the bio-adhesion properties of this new glistening free hydrophobic IOL material are similar to generic hydrophobic acrylic materials and therefore should to the same extent prevent PCO.Peer reviewe
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2019
PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to ensure controlled... more PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to ensure controlled and sustained release of moxifloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used for endophthalmitis prophylaxis after cataract surgery. SETTING Academic, industrial, and clinical partners from Portugal, Belgium, Iceland, and the United States. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS The physical properties of IOLs loaded with moxifloxacin by soaking were characterized. In vitro drug-release studies were performed under hydrodynamic conditions similar to those of the eye, and the activity of the released drug was tested. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated, and the in vivo efficacy of the devices was assessed through rabbit experiments in which the effects of topical moxifloxacin drops (control) and moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs were compared. RESULTS The presence of moxifloxacin in the IOLs had little effect on the evaluated physical properties and did not induce cytotoxicity. In vitro drug release experiments showed that the IOLs provided controlled release of moxifloxacin for approximately 2 weeks. The drug remained active against the tested microorganisms during that period. Moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs and the control treatment induced similar in vivo behavior in terms of inflammatory reactions, capsular bag opacification scores, and uveal and capsule biocompatibility. The drug concentration in the aqueous humor after 1 week was similar in both groups; however, the concentration with the loaded IOLs was less variable. CONCLUSION The moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs released the drug in a controlled manner, providing therapeutic levels.
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015
PurposeThe goal of our research was to investigate the possibility of using drug loaded intra‐ocu... more PurposeThe goal of our research was to investigate the possibility of using drug loaded intra‐ocular lenses (IOLs) as an alternative to topical antibiotic usually prescribed after cataract surgery.MethodsAlthough widely used in drug release studies due to its simplicity in comparing systems, static conditions are far from reproducing biological conditions. A microfluidic cell mimetizing chamber's aqueous humor hydrodynamic is a much closer approach. With a volume of 250 µL, the cell is fed with a continuous flow of saline solution at a physiological similar rate.ResultsResults showed that 30 days preconditioned IOLs were able to maintain a MXF concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae for 20 days.ConclusionsFurther investigation in using moxifloxacin loaded IOls as effective to prevent post cataract surgery endophthalmitis is encouraged.
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015
Purpose Ocular drug delivery systems replacing or complementing the usual therapeutics after cata... more Purpose Ocular drug delivery systems replacing or complementing the usual therapeutics after cataract surgery have been the focus of several studies. A possible solution could be implanting intra-ocular lenses (IOLs) also acting as drug carriers. The main challenge is to obtain IOLs that besides providing the best refractive outcome release the drug at a suitable rate. The purpose of our research was to design an effective strategy to incorporate the drug and study the release profile. Methods IOL surface was modified with PHEMA [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] by treatment with argon plasma and subsequent immersion in a HEMA solution with moxifloxacin (MFX; Vigamox®), followed by a final immersion in an MFX solution. Drug release profiles were obtained in vitro under hydrodynamic conditions, which simulate those found in the eye for the aqueous humor. A microfluidic cell with a volume of 250 μL was designed and used with a continuous flow of saline solution, at 37°C, with a renovation rate similar to the physiological one. Results Results showed that MFX was released with concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae for 11 days. Conclusions In the conditions described, IOLs surface modification with PHEMA has allowed an extended drug release effective to prevent post cataract surgery endophthalmitis.
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 2015
To analyze the behavior of a new double-C-loop quadripod symmetrical intraocular lens (IOL) platf... more To analyze the behavior of a new double-C-loop quadripod symmetrical intraocular lens (IOL) platform combined with a hydrophilic lens material and a new hydrophobic glistening-free acrylic lens material, Ankoris and Podeye, respectively, in silico (computer simulation), in vitro (laboratory investigation), and in vivo (rabbit model). John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and Physiol S.A., Liege, Belgium. Experimental study. An in silico simulation investigation was performed using finite elements software, an in vitro investigation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO11979-3:2012), and an in vivo implantation in a rabbit model with 4 weeks of follow-up. Postmortem data were collected by Miyake-Apple gross examination and histopathologic analyses. Biocompatibility and IOL centration were tested. Both IOLs demonstrated statistically insignificant variations in posterior and anterior capsule opacification and Soemmerring ring formation. They were well biotolerated with no signs of toxicity, inflammation, or neovascularization. Axial and centration stability were noted in vitro and in vivo as a result of significant contact between surrounding tissues and haptics and the posterior portion of the optic. The results suggest suitability of the double-C loop IOL platform for the manufacturing of premium (ie, multifocal, toric, and multifocal toric) IOLs. Drs. Bozukova, Gobin, and Pagnoulle are employees of Physiol S.A., Liege, Belgium. Dr. Pagnoulle has a proprietary interest in the tested intraocular lenses. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens after catara... more The intraocular lens (IOL) is a polymer implant designed to replace the natural lens after cataract surgery. When the implant is introduced into the lens capsule, the polymer starts to interact with the aqueous humour and the exchange of molecules between the solid and the liquid begins. The nature of exchange in water, ions, and biomolecules may result in several postoperative complications including glistening, calcification, and posterior capsular opacification. The posterior capsular opacification (PCO, also called “Secondary Cataract”) is raised from the over-growth of residual lens epithelial cells. The first step of the over-growth process of the cells is their adhesion to the deposited biomolecules, such as proteins involved in extra-cellular matrices. The purpose of this study is to identify the principal proteins adsorbed onto the acrylic polymers by mass spectrometry. The concept of adsorbome is to generate a list of adsorbed proteins to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, and then compare the difference to the original component of aqueous humour in order to see the affinity of individual protein to each material. Two kinds of hydrophilic and two kinds of hydrophobic acrylic polymers were tested for their adsorbomes by treating them with an aqueous humour analogue and the major adsorbed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the hydrophilic acrylic polymer shows a relative lower protein adsorption rate but shows a higher incidence of secondary cataract. This phenomenon implies the adsorbed proteins play a crucial role in progress of secondary cataract
In the present work an optimized sample preparation protocol to identify and quantify the “adsorb... more In the present work an optimized sample preparation protocol to identify and quantify the “adsorbomes” of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials for IOLs known to have a higher or a lower incidence of PCO, respectively was obtained