D. Eberl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council)
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Clays and Clay Minerals, 1977
The transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay was followed in hydroth... more The transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay was followed in hydrothermal kinetic experiments. Glasses of beidellite composition and the Wyoming bentonite were used as starting materials. Temperatures ranged between 260 and 490~ at 2 kbar pressure, and run times ranged between 6 hr and 266 days. The course of the reactions was found to be strongly affected
Five mudrock samples were collected at different stratigraphical positions within the rock column... more Five mudrock samples were collected at different stratigraphical positions within the rock column of Jordan. They represent the ages of the late Ordovician-lower Silurian (SIL sample), late Permian (UI sample), Lower Cretaceous (MAH sample), Lower Turonian (TAF sample) and Pleistocene (YAM sample). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of clay fraction (particle size < 2 μm) show that the amount of smectite decreases towards more ancient mudrock samples, i.e. towards an increase of burial depth. Smectite totally disappeared in the Silurian claystone (SIL sample) at a depth of 1.6 km more likely as a function of burial diagenesis. The change of smectite into illite, due to burial history, was through a mixed layer illite-smectite intermediate stage of alteration. The shape of crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) for illite was asymptotic in all study samples. This means that the crystal growth mechanism of illite particles was similar regardless of the burial depth of sediments and was concurrent with nucleation. The XRD patterns showed that the degree of Kaolinite crystallinity increased generally with depth as the 001 reflection becomes sharper and narrower. The CTDs shapes for kaolinite were somewhat different. It was asymptotic in YAM and TAF samples, multimodal in MAH sample, and lognormal in UI and SIL samples. These variations in CTDs distributions reflect the fact that crystal growth mechanism of kaolinite differed with burial depth. Kaolinite crystal growth accompanied with nucleation was only at shallow-moderate depths. This changed to crystal growth without continued nucleation at greater depths.
... Table I Montmorillonite autoclave runs Run no. Starting materi.al Ternp. ( oc) Time (days ) R... more ... Table I Montmorillonite autoclave runs Run no. Starting materi.al Ternp. ( oc) Time (days ) Run produc ts I A 7-9 K, -Na-, Ca-and Mg-rnon tnorl 11onl te:tx* K-mon tnrori 1 loni tex xx Na-, Ca-, and Mg-montrnori llonite*'ltr 300 ro 485 ** 400 300 300 ...
The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a five-year water quality study of a 3000 km reach of th... more The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a five-year water quality study of a 3000 km reach of the Yukon River from its headwaters in the Yukon Territory, Canada to Pilot Station, Alaska near its mouth and just above tidal influence. The water quality of the Yukon River, the fourth largest river system in North America, is poorly documented and may
Clays and Clay Minerals, 1977
The transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay was followed in hydroth... more The transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay was followed in hydrothermal kinetic experiments. Glasses of beidellite composition and the Wyoming bentonite were used as starting materials. Temperatures ranged between 260 and 490~ at 2 kbar pressure, and run times ranged between 6 hr and 266 days. The course of the reactions was found to be strongly affected
Five mudrock samples were collected at different stratigraphical positions within the rock column... more Five mudrock samples were collected at different stratigraphical positions within the rock column of Jordan. They represent the ages of the late Ordovician-lower Silurian (SIL sample), late Permian (UI sample), Lower Cretaceous (MAH sample), Lower Turonian (TAF sample) and Pleistocene (YAM sample). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of clay fraction (particle size < 2 μm) show that the amount of smectite decreases towards more ancient mudrock samples, i.e. towards an increase of burial depth. Smectite totally disappeared in the Silurian claystone (SIL sample) at a depth of 1.6 km more likely as a function of burial diagenesis. The change of smectite into illite, due to burial history, was through a mixed layer illite-smectite intermediate stage of alteration. The shape of crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) for illite was asymptotic in all study samples. This means that the crystal growth mechanism of illite particles was similar regardless of the burial depth of sediments and was concurrent with nucleation. The XRD patterns showed that the degree of Kaolinite crystallinity increased generally with depth as the 001 reflection becomes sharper and narrower. The CTDs shapes for kaolinite were somewhat different. It was asymptotic in YAM and TAF samples, multimodal in MAH sample, and lognormal in UI and SIL samples. These variations in CTDs distributions reflect the fact that crystal growth mechanism of kaolinite differed with burial depth. Kaolinite crystal growth accompanied with nucleation was only at shallow-moderate depths. This changed to crystal growth without continued nucleation at greater depths.
... Table I Montmorillonite autoclave runs Run no. Starting materi.al Ternp. ( oc) Time (days ) R... more ... Table I Montmorillonite autoclave runs Run no. Starting materi.al Ternp. ( oc) Time (days ) Run produc ts I A 7-9 K, -Na-, Ca-and Mg-rnon tnorl 11onl te:tx* K-mon tnrori 1 loni tex xx Na-, Ca-, and Mg-montrnori llonite*'ltr 300 ro 485 ** 400 300 300 ...
The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a five-year water quality study of a 3000 km reach of th... more The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a five-year water quality study of a 3000 km reach of the Yukon River from its headwaters in the Yukon Territory, Canada to Pilot Station, Alaska near its mouth and just above tidal influence. The water quality of the Yukon River, the fourth largest river system in North America, is poorly documented and may