Giada D'Errico - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Giada D'Errico

Nematropica

A trial was conducted in vitro to assess the effectiveness of the experimental formulation Tequil... more A trial was conducted in vitro to assess the effectiveness of the experimental formulation Tequil, a blend of plant extracts (100% aqueous extract of Quillaja saponaria , Yucca schidigera and Tagetes spp.), on motility of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and of the cyst nematode Heterodera daverti . The effects of three concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 ml/L H 2 O) of Tequil were compared with those of a control and ethoprophos (1.5 ml/L H 2 O) after different exposure times (2 to 24 days). All concentrations of Tequil suppressed the motility of J2 of M. incognita , throughout the observation period compared to water control, however, the 2.5 ml/L only reduced movement during the first 10 days. Similar effects were observed with H. daverti . For both nematodes, the nematicidal activity increased with the increase of the concentration of Tequil and exposure time. However, ethoprophos was more effective than Tequil during the first 18 days of exp...

The effectiveness of two plant-derived formulations for the control of the root-knot Meloidogyne ... more The effectiveness of two plant-derived formulations for the control of the root-knot Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. was evaluated in a protected tomato crop in Southern Italy. A neem oil-based formulation and a commercial mixture of aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponaria Molina (80%), Yucca schidigera Roezl (10%) and Tagetes spp. (10%) were tested in comparison with the standard chemical oxamyl and an untreated control. All tested formulations significantly decreased soil nematode population and average root galling compared to the untreated control. However, nematode infestation was found significantly lower in plots treated with oxamyl or neem formulation than in those treated with quillay-based product. Tomato yield did not significantly differ among treatments. Satisfactory yield obtained by quillay-based product appears to be caused by the biostimulating effect of quillay extract on tomato plants.

The effectiveness of soil solarization, alone or in combination with oxamyl or a plant-derived fo... more The effectiveness of soil solarization, alone or in combination with oxamyl or a plant-derived formulation (a mixture of aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponaria Molina , Yucca schidigera Roezl and Tagetes spp., 80, 10 and 10%, respectively), for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. was assessed in a greenhouse trial on tomato at Battipaglia (province of Salerno), Southern Italy. The combination of soil solarization with the plant-derived formulation resulted in a greater nematode suppression than application of single treatments. Combining soil solarization with the plant-derived formulation resulted in tomato yield and fruit size similar to that of the combination of soil solarization with oxamyl. Therefore the combination of soil solarization with plant-derived formulations may represent a sustainable nematode control strategy, as safe for human health and environment.

Forestry, 2015

ABSTRACT The genus Bursaphelenchus contains more than 100 species of nematodes. Knowledge of the ... more ABSTRACT The genus Bursaphelenchus contains more than 100 species of nematodes. Knowledge of the occurrence of nematodes belonging to this genus is a prerequisite for monitoring issues and control measures to prevent the introduction and establishment of pathogenic species such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into forest ecosystems. According to data collected from the published literature and databases such as Web of Science, FSTA, CAB Abstracts, Biological Abstracts and the EPPO Reporting Service, 22 Bursaphelenchus species have been recorded to be present in the Mediterranean region. These species are classified into nine morphological groups sensu Braasch, H., Burgermeister, W. and Gu, J. 2009 Revised intra-generic grouping of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). J. Nematode Morphol. Syst. 12, 65–88): abietinus, eggersi, eremus, fungivorus, hofmanni, kevini, leoni, sexdentati and xylophilus, although two species are currently not assigned to a specific group. Movement of insect vectors in international trade of wood and host plants into and within Mediterranean areas is considered the main pathway for Bursaphelenchus species dispersal. Many of the species represent a significant risk for pine and possibly other forest types, an annotated check-list of Bursaphelenchus species in the Mediterranean area, their main features, pathogenicity, host plants and insect vectors is presented.

Plant Disease

Moth plant, Araujia sericifera, is native to South America and was exported to many other countri... more Moth plant, Araujia sericifera, is native to South America and was exported to many other countries as an ornamental plant. However, it is now considered an invasive, perennial, noxious weed in Italy. Because of the ability of this plant to spread rapidly and invade natural ecosystems, A. sericifera has been included on the Alert list by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). In September 2013, numerous plants of A. sericifera with chlorotic leaves and large root-galls were observed in agricultural fields, gardens, and uncultivated locations in Nocera Inferiore, Salerno Province, Italy. Ten samples were collected from a vegetable farm (40°45′40.8″ N, 14°38′18.4″ E) and nematodes were extracted from soil and root samples using standard procedures (1). Meloidogyne sp. was found in all soil and root samples, with nematode population densities ranging from 420 to 1,270 eggs and J2s/10 cm3 of soil and 84 to 2,200 eggs and J2s/5 g of fresh roots. The morpholo...

Environmental Entomology, 2013

Sensory adaptation has been measured in the antennae of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) after 15 ... more Sensory adaptation has been measured in the antennae of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) after 15 min of exposure to its main pheromone compound (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z8-12:OAc) at the aerial concentration of 1 ng/m 3 measured in orchards treated with pheromone for mating disruption. Exposing males to this aerial concentration of Z8-12:OAc for 15 min, however, had only a small effect on their ability to orientate by ßight to virgin calling females in a ßight tunnel. Experiments were undertaken to determine if exposure to the main pheromone compound in combination with the two biologically active minor compounds of this species, (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (E8-12:OAc) and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8-12:OH) would induce greater levels of sensory adaptation and have a greater effect on male sexual behavior. The exposure of male antennae to 0.5 g/m 3 air of one of the three pheromone compounds induced sensory adaptation to this compound and to the other two pheromone compounds demonstrating cross adaptation. Average percentage sensory adaptation to a pheromone compound was similar after 15 min of exposure to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc, or to 1 ng/m 3 air of a 1:1:1 or 93:6:1 blend of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH. The exposure of males to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc or the two ratios of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH for 15 min had no effect on their ability to orientate to a virgin calling female. The implications of these results for the operative mechanisms of sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption of this species are discussed.

The replacement of chemical pesticides with alternative biocidal compounds after the Directive 20... more The replacement of chemical pesticides with alternative biocidal compounds after the Directive 2009/128/EC increased a renewed interest in biofumigation. Defatted seed meals (DSMs) derived from brassicaceae plant tissues with high glucosinolate content represent an alternative to control soil-born plant pathogens and pests, such as nematodes, and can be applied in synergy to catch crop green manures. However the potential impacts on soil microorganisms is still largely unknown. A plot-scale experiment was set up in pots with tomato plants grown in a naturally nematode-infected soil and treated as follows: i) glucosinolate-containing DSM from B. carinata (CAR), ii) non-glucosinolate-containing DSM from sunflower (GIR) and iii) metham-sodium fumigant (VAP). 454-pyrosequencing (NGS) of bacterial 16S rRNA and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, was performed at the beginning (T0) and after 5 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 days (T3) to assess the structure of the microbial communities. Moreover, tomato pla...

Nematropica

A trial was conducted in vitro to assess the effectiveness of the experimental formulation Tequil... more A trial was conducted in vitro to assess the effectiveness of the experimental formulation Tequil, a blend of plant extracts (100% aqueous extract of Quillaja saponaria , Yucca schidigera and Tagetes spp.), on motility of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and of the cyst nematode Heterodera daverti . The effects of three concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 ml/L H 2 O) of Tequil were compared with those of a control and ethoprophos (1.5 ml/L H 2 O) after different exposure times (2 to 24 days). All concentrations of Tequil suppressed the motility of J2 of M. incognita , throughout the observation period compared to water control, however, the 2.5 ml/L only reduced movement during the first 10 days. Similar effects were observed with H. daverti . For both nematodes, the nematicidal activity increased with the increase of the concentration of Tequil and exposure time. However, ethoprophos was more effective than Tequil during the first 18 days of exp...

The effectiveness of two plant-derived formulations for the control of the root-knot Meloidogyne ... more The effectiveness of two plant-derived formulations for the control of the root-knot Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. was evaluated in a protected tomato crop in Southern Italy. A neem oil-based formulation and a commercial mixture of aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponaria Molina (80%), Yucca schidigera Roezl (10%) and Tagetes spp. (10%) were tested in comparison with the standard chemical oxamyl and an untreated control. All tested formulations significantly decreased soil nematode population and average root galling compared to the untreated control. However, nematode infestation was found significantly lower in plots treated with oxamyl or neem formulation than in those treated with quillay-based product. Tomato yield did not significantly differ among treatments. Satisfactory yield obtained by quillay-based product appears to be caused by the biostimulating effect of quillay extract on tomato plants.

The effectiveness of soil solarization, alone or in combination with oxamyl or a plant-derived fo... more The effectiveness of soil solarization, alone or in combination with oxamyl or a plant-derived formulation (a mixture of aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponaria Molina , Yucca schidigera Roezl and Tagetes spp., 80, 10 and 10%, respectively), for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. was assessed in a greenhouse trial on tomato at Battipaglia (province of Salerno), Southern Italy. The combination of soil solarization with the plant-derived formulation resulted in a greater nematode suppression than application of single treatments. Combining soil solarization with the plant-derived formulation resulted in tomato yield and fruit size similar to that of the combination of soil solarization with oxamyl. Therefore the combination of soil solarization with plant-derived formulations may represent a sustainable nematode control strategy, as safe for human health and environment.

Forestry, 2015

ABSTRACT The genus Bursaphelenchus contains more than 100 species of nematodes. Knowledge of the ... more ABSTRACT The genus Bursaphelenchus contains more than 100 species of nematodes. Knowledge of the occurrence of nematodes belonging to this genus is a prerequisite for monitoring issues and control measures to prevent the introduction and establishment of pathogenic species such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into forest ecosystems. According to data collected from the published literature and databases such as Web of Science, FSTA, CAB Abstracts, Biological Abstracts and the EPPO Reporting Service, 22 Bursaphelenchus species have been recorded to be present in the Mediterranean region. These species are classified into nine morphological groups sensu Braasch, H., Burgermeister, W. and Gu, J. 2009 Revised intra-generic grouping of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). J. Nematode Morphol. Syst. 12, 65–88): abietinus, eggersi, eremus, fungivorus, hofmanni, kevini, leoni, sexdentati and xylophilus, although two species are currently not assigned to a specific group. Movement of insect vectors in international trade of wood and host plants into and within Mediterranean areas is considered the main pathway for Bursaphelenchus species dispersal. Many of the species represent a significant risk for pine and possibly other forest types, an annotated check-list of Bursaphelenchus species in the Mediterranean area, their main features, pathogenicity, host plants and insect vectors is presented.

Plant Disease

Moth plant, Araujia sericifera, is native to South America and was exported to many other countri... more Moth plant, Araujia sericifera, is native to South America and was exported to many other countries as an ornamental plant. However, it is now considered an invasive, perennial, noxious weed in Italy. Because of the ability of this plant to spread rapidly and invade natural ecosystems, A. sericifera has been included on the Alert list by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). In September 2013, numerous plants of A. sericifera with chlorotic leaves and large root-galls were observed in agricultural fields, gardens, and uncultivated locations in Nocera Inferiore, Salerno Province, Italy. Ten samples were collected from a vegetable farm (40°45′40.8″ N, 14°38′18.4″ E) and nematodes were extracted from soil and root samples using standard procedures (1). Meloidogyne sp. was found in all soil and root samples, with nematode population densities ranging from 420 to 1,270 eggs and J2s/10 cm3 of soil and 84 to 2,200 eggs and J2s/5 g of fresh roots. The morpholo...

Environmental Entomology, 2013

Sensory adaptation has been measured in the antennae of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) after 15 ... more Sensory adaptation has been measured in the antennae of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) after 15 min of exposure to its main pheromone compound (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z8-12:OAc) at the aerial concentration of 1 ng/m 3 measured in orchards treated with pheromone for mating disruption. Exposing males to this aerial concentration of Z8-12:OAc for 15 min, however, had only a small effect on their ability to orientate by ßight to virgin calling females in a ßight tunnel. Experiments were undertaken to determine if exposure to the main pheromone compound in combination with the two biologically active minor compounds of this species, (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (E8-12:OAc) and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8-12:OH) would induce greater levels of sensory adaptation and have a greater effect on male sexual behavior. The exposure of male antennae to 0.5 g/m 3 air of one of the three pheromone compounds induced sensory adaptation to this compound and to the other two pheromone compounds demonstrating cross adaptation. Average percentage sensory adaptation to a pheromone compound was similar after 15 min of exposure to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc, or to 1 ng/m 3 air of a 1:1:1 or 93:6:1 blend of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH. The exposure of males to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc or the two ratios of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH for 15 min had no effect on their ability to orientate to a virgin calling female. The implications of these results for the operative mechanisms of sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption of this species are discussed.

The replacement of chemical pesticides with alternative biocidal compounds after the Directive 20... more The replacement of chemical pesticides with alternative biocidal compounds after the Directive 2009/128/EC increased a renewed interest in biofumigation. Defatted seed meals (DSMs) derived from brassicaceae plant tissues with high glucosinolate content represent an alternative to control soil-born plant pathogens and pests, such as nematodes, and can be applied in synergy to catch crop green manures. However the potential impacts on soil microorganisms is still largely unknown. A plot-scale experiment was set up in pots with tomato plants grown in a naturally nematode-infected soil and treated as follows: i) glucosinolate-containing DSM from B. carinata (CAR), ii) non-glucosinolate-containing DSM from sunflower (GIR) and iii) metham-sodium fumigant (VAP). 454-pyrosequencing (NGS) of bacterial 16S rRNA and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, was performed at the beginning (T0) and after 5 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 days (T3) to assess the structure of the microbial communities. Moreover, tomato pla...