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Papers by Danielle FAUQUE

Chemistry International

In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Ap... more In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) and specifically for Special Topics, a series originally conceived as a way of promoting IUPAC engagement with topics of social relevance. As editor of the series and later of PAC, James Bull worked to raise the level of awareness of the issues and in turn draw attention to the work of the Union. In the course of my own research on the history of IUPAC, I, Danielle Fauque, was intrigued by the series, which was published between 1996 and 2012 [1]. It became the subject of several lengthy electronic exchanges with James Bull. The interest of the exchanges was so evident that a publication in CIseemed appropriate.

Chemistry International

During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, wh... more During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for...

Chemistry International

The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of t... more The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of the luncheon offered to the XIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the May Fair Hotel, London, 18 July 1947 by the Society of Chemical Industry to distinguished chemists on the occasion of its centennial [1]. Fred May (1891-1976) was a caricaturist and painter, who sent his first cartoons from the front in 1917. May insists on the strenuous time the toastmaster had during the dinner that welcomed many prominent British and international figures in the chemical sciences and industry. Dr Leslie H. Lampitt, president of the SCI, chairman of the Congress and treasurer of IUPAC (1947-1957) “expressed that welcome in a very homely way” [1]. William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (1888-1949), cofounder of Unilever, a past president of the SCI, acted as president of the Congress [2].

Chemistry International

In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Socié... more In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Société de Chimie Industrielle (SCI-F) and the French Federation of Chemical Associations (FNAC) to decide on the creation of an interallied confederation for pure and applied chemistry. The delegates were following up on a proposal made by the Interallied Conference of Scientific Academies that had met in London and Paris in 1918. Each country was asked to create a national body in each discipline, and these entities would be united into a Union, at first an interallied then international union when the wounds of war healed. The whole structure was to be headed by an International Research Council (IRC) [1].

Chemistry International

The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and... more The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and peaceful means prompted Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to discuss the creation of a more efficient international organization as soon as the Second World War erupted. These preliminary efforts led to the signing of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) in San Francisco in 1945. In January 1946, the first general UN assembly took place, along with the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. The latter created several international bodies, among them UNESCO. At first, UNESCO seemed to be the continuation of the International Institute for the Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) coupled with the International Commission for the Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), but was actually based on new rules [1].

Chemistry International

To chemists and chemical educators, there were two important events in the ‘60s and ‘70s. First, ... more To chemists and chemical educators, there were two important events in the ‘60s and ‘70s. First, in 1961, the agreement between physicists and chemists on the choice of carbon 12 as unique element of reference in the atomic weights table and then in 1971, the definition of mole as the seventh unit of the international system [1]. In both of these issues the Union played its role as expert to the fullest, and established solid grounds for a common language of chemistry across the world. This role is also extended to other matters at a time marked by social changes. Technological progress improved quality of life like never before and the space conquest that opened new horizons, both scientific and technological, to explore. All the while, despite the Cold War, international and interdisciplinary projects are established, and new international organizations, such as UNESCO, appear to cope with the new challenges. Alongside these organizations, the longstanding ICSU and the Union adapt...

Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2016

René Taton. Etudes d'histoire des sciences, 2000

Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2016

Navigational Enterprises in Europe and its Empires, 1730–1850, 2015

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2005

Review of Science Mathematics and Ict Education, 2007

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2010

Bulletin De L Union Des Physiciens, 2005

Archives Internationales D Histoire Des Sciences, 2003

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1985

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1986

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1983

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2010

Chemistry International

In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Ap... more In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) and specifically for Special Topics, a series originally conceived as a way of promoting IUPAC engagement with topics of social relevance. As editor of the series and later of PAC, James Bull worked to raise the level of awareness of the issues and in turn draw attention to the work of the Union. In the course of my own research on the history of IUPAC, I, Danielle Fauque, was intrigued by the series, which was published between 1996 and 2012 [1]. It became the subject of several lengthy electronic exchanges with James Bull. The interest of the exchanges was so evident that a publication in CIseemed appropriate.

Chemistry International

During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, wh... more During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for...

Chemistry International

The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of t... more The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of the luncheon offered to the XIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the May Fair Hotel, London, 18 July 1947 by the Society of Chemical Industry to distinguished chemists on the occasion of its centennial [1]. Fred May (1891-1976) was a caricaturist and painter, who sent his first cartoons from the front in 1917. May insists on the strenuous time the toastmaster had during the dinner that welcomed many prominent British and international figures in the chemical sciences and industry. Dr Leslie H. Lampitt, president of the SCI, chairman of the Congress and treasurer of IUPAC (1947-1957) “expressed that welcome in a very homely way” [1]. William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (1888-1949), cofounder of Unilever, a past president of the SCI, acted as president of the Congress [2].

Chemistry International

In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Socié... more In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Société de Chimie Industrielle (SCI-F) and the French Federation of Chemical Associations (FNAC) to decide on the creation of an interallied confederation for pure and applied chemistry. The delegates were following up on a proposal made by the Interallied Conference of Scientific Academies that had met in London and Paris in 1918. Each country was asked to create a national body in each discipline, and these entities would be united into a Union, at first an interallied then international union when the wounds of war healed. The whole structure was to be headed by an International Research Council (IRC) [1].

Chemistry International

The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and... more The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and peaceful means prompted Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to discuss the creation of a more efficient international organization as soon as the Second World War erupted. These preliminary efforts led to the signing of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) in San Francisco in 1945. In January 1946, the first general UN assembly took place, along with the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. The latter created several international bodies, among them UNESCO. At first, UNESCO seemed to be the continuation of the International Institute for the Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) coupled with the International Commission for the Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), but was actually based on new rules [1].

Chemistry International

To chemists and chemical educators, there were two important events in the ‘60s and ‘70s. First, ... more To chemists and chemical educators, there were two important events in the ‘60s and ‘70s. First, in 1961, the agreement between physicists and chemists on the choice of carbon 12 as unique element of reference in the atomic weights table and then in 1971, the definition of mole as the seventh unit of the international system [1]. In both of these issues the Union played its role as expert to the fullest, and established solid grounds for a common language of chemistry across the world. This role is also extended to other matters at a time marked by social changes. Technological progress improved quality of life like never before and the space conquest that opened new horizons, both scientific and technological, to explore. All the while, despite the Cold War, international and interdisciplinary projects are established, and new international organizations, such as UNESCO, appear to cope with the new challenges. Alongside these organizations, the longstanding ICSU and the Union adapt...

Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2016

René Taton. Etudes d'histoire des sciences, 2000

Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2016

Navigational Enterprises in Europe and its Empires, 1730–1850, 2015

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2005

Review of Science Mathematics and Ict Education, 2007

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2010

Bulletin De L Union Des Physiciens, 2005

Archives Internationales D Histoire Des Sciences, 2003

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1985

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1986

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 1983

Revue D Histoire Des Sciences, 2010