Dr. Muhammad Fiaz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Muhammad Fiaz

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2020

B rucellosis is a highly important zoonotic disease that spread through gram negative, nonencapsu... more B rucellosis is a highly important zoonotic disease that spread through gram negative, nonencapsulated, small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), nonmotile, facultative and intracellular bacteria of genus Brucella (Saxena and Raj, 2018). There are different species of Brucella that affect variety of the animals such as B. melitensis (mainly infecting ovine and caprine), B. abortus (mainly infecting bovines), B. Ovis (mainly infecting ovine) and B. suis (mainly infecting swine) and these Brucella species have gain more recognition due to their zoonotic characteristics (Godfroid et al., 2011; Blasco and Molina-Flores, 2011). Though, the transmission from human to human is rare but it is possible to spread either from infected mother to neonates or sexual intercourse (Saxena and Raj, 2018).

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of dietary NDF on voluntary feed in... more The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of dietary NDF on voluntary feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in early lactating (n=25) Nili Ravi buffaloes. Five groups with five animals in each, under completely randomized design were fed A, B, C, D and E rations which were iso nitrogenous and isocaloric based on NDF levels 23, 28, 33, 38 and 43%, respectively. Nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility differ (P<0.001) significantly among the dietary groups. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake (kg/d) were found highest in animals fed diet C (14.31±0.05), C (1.86±0.006) and E (5.52±0.018) respectively than those on the other four treatments. Whereas, DM, CP and NDF digestibility percentage were observed the highest in the group B (62.88±1.04), B (51.00±0.57) and C (64.4±0.99) respectively, as compared to others. The 4% fat corrected milk (kg/day) production was significantly (P<0.001) higher in group A (11.23±0.15) as compared to others. In term of milk composition (TS 16.65±0.07%, fat 7.01±0.04%, milk protein 3.78±0.02% and milk lactose 5.04±0.02%) were observed the highest in group D (38% NDF). Hence it is concluded that 33% NDF level is better in terms of NDF digestibility and 23%NDF in terms of 4%FCM production in early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes.

Journal of animal science and technology, 2018

Maize fodder is being used as staple feed for livestock but it lacks protein and essential amino ... more Maize fodder is being used as staple feed for livestock but it lacks protein and essential amino acids; lysine and tryptophan. Intercropping maize with leguminous soybean crop is promising technique under limited land resources of South Korea but it can only give considerable advantages when adequate distance is provided between corn and soybean rows. Main aim of present study was to find-out adequate distance between corn and soybean seeding rows for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of intercropped forage. Different interrow distances between corn and soybean were evaluated under four treatments, viz. 1) Corn sole as positive control treatment 2) Zero cm between corn and soybean (control); 2) Five cm between corn and soybean; 3) 10 cm between corn and soybean, with three replicates under randomized block design. Findings depicted that height and number of corn stalks and ears were similar ( > 0.05) among different treatments. Numerically average corn ear height was decr...

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014

Study was conducted to compare the performance of sheep and goats under confined situation. Sixty... more Study was conducted to compare the performance of sheep and goats under confined situation. Sixty animals (lambs n=30, 10 month of age weighing 19.5 kg and kids n=30 of 10month of age weighing 11.5 kg) were selected and divided equally in four groups, 2 each for lambs and kids.Both species were offered fodder ad libitum with concentrate supplement 240 grams/animal/day and total mixed ration ad libitum. Results showed that DM, CP, NDF, ADF intakeswere significantly (P˂0.05) better in lambs than kids. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility was significantly (P˂0.05)higher in kids than lambs fed on total mixed ration and it was not different among both species fed on fodder plus concentrate supplementation.NDF, ADF digestibility wasmaximum (P˂0.05) in lambs than kids fed on total mixed ration. It was concluded that nutrients digestibility was better in kids than lambsfed on total mixed ration. Similar pattern of digestibility was observed in both species fed on fodder plus concentrate supplementation.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2013

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2010

Semen production data of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey bulls collected over a period of three year... more Semen production data of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey bulls collected over a period of three years was analyzed to examine seasonal effects on quantity and quality of semen. Purebred breeding bulls of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey breeds (n = 18 for each breed), maintained under naturally ventilated open-sided sheds, were used for semen collection. Meteorological information on ambient temperature, relative humidity and rainfall was used to divide the calendar year into two stressful summer seasons viz; dry summer (April-June) and wet summer (July-September) and a stress free season (October-March). The number of ejaculates per bull recorded during three seasons were not significantly different (P>0.05) in both breeds. Friesian bulls produced lower ejaculatory volume during dry summer season, whereas Jersey bulls produced higher (P<0.05) volume during wet summer compared to other seasons. Seasonal pattern of mass motility and individual motility of semen was different between two breeds. The mass motility of semen in both breeds was significantly lower during wet summer. However, individual motility in the semen of Friesian bulls did not differ among seasons (P>0.05) but in Jersey bulls it was lower during wet summer than other seasons. Wet summer resulted in reduced number of semen doses frozen per bull in both breeds. The results of this study indicated that wet summer season deteriorated semen quality in terms of mass motility, individual motility and number of doses in both breeds, except individual motility in semen of Friesian bulls.

Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2013

Male cattle calves (n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120 ± 20 kg were fed t... more Male cattle calves (n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120 ± 20 kg were fed total mixed rations (TMR) for 120 days to determine their growth performance. Animals were divided into four groups (six of each breed): Crossbred (Friesian × Sahiwal), Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques under a completely randomized design. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and dressing percentage ranged from 639-892 g/d, 0.105-0.155 kg/kg, and 51.2-51.5%, respectively, in the different breeds. The ADG and FE did not differ between the Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani breeds, but these values were lower in Cholistani calves (P<0.05). The dressing percentage was similar in all breeds. The highest increase in body height was observed in Dhanni calves, but heart girth was obviously higher in Lohani calves. The feed cost per kg gain was higher for Cholistani calves but similar among Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani calves (P>0.05). In conclusion, Dhanni, Lohani, and Crossbred calves possess the promising potential for beef production under the rainfed (Barani) conditions of the Punjab.

The study was designed to examine the effect of feeding diets with different energy levels for op... more The study was designed to examine the effect of feeding diets with different energy levels for optimum growth and early puberty of heifers. Twenty Sahiwal heifers (Age = 12 ± 2 months and avg. wt = 125 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments having five animals on each treatment. Iso-nitrogenous (CP=13.7%) diets having varying energy, viz; ME 100% (Control), ME 88%, ME 112% and ME 124% of NRC (2001) recommended level for small breed non bred heifers were fed to the respective groups until the onset of puberty. Dry matter and protein intakes were similar (P>0.05) across the dietary treatments. The optimum average daily gain (ADG) was achieved during the period from 13 to 18 months of age. The overall ADG was higher (571±15 g/d) in ME 124% than of ME 100, 88 and 112%, whereas ADG found to be lowest in ME 88% (397±07 g/d). Similar trend was observed in feed efficiency for different treatment groups. Heifers fed dietary level of ME 124% of NRC (2001) acquired higher body length, height and heart girth as compared to those fed other dietary energy levels. The digestibility of nutrients, age at puberty, age at 1 st conception and serum progesterone were not influenced by dietary treatments (P>0.05). It is concluded that provision of higher dietary energy level (ME 124% of NRC, 2001 recommendation) enhanced growth parameters and feed efficiency but adequate reproductive performance of Sahiwal heifers in terms of age at puberty was achieved even at lower dietary energy level (ME 88% of NRC, 2001 recommended level) under local environmental conditions of Pakistan.

Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2014

The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according... more The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.

Multiparous lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n= 27) were selected and randomly divided into three g... more Multiparous lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n= 27) were selected and randomly divided into three groups with nine animals in each under a completely randomized design. Three diets were formulated, being iso-nitrogenous but having varying energy levels, viz; E-100 (Control), E-80 and E-120; E reflecting energy followed by percentage energy in relation to NRC recommended levels for lactating cows. Milk yield did not differ between diets E-100 and E-120 (10.63±0.165 and 10.87±0.124 kg/day, respectively) but was lower (P<0.05, 8.41±0.135 kg/day) on diet E-80. Dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain and milk composition did not differ (P>0.05) among the dietary treatments. However, feed efficiency in terms of fat corrected milk (FCM) per unit /DMI was lower (P<0.05) in animals fed diet E-80 (0.89 ± 0.019) than those on the other two treatments. Likewise, cost of feed per kg FCM was higher (P<0.05) in this group (17.85 ± 0.28 PK-Rs). It was concluded that feeding lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes a diet containing more (i.e., 120 %) than the NRC level of ME recommended for large breed dairy cows conferred no advantage whilst feeding a diet containing less than the recommended level decreased both milk production and feed efficiency.