D. Fudge - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by D. Fudge

Research paper thumbnail of Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen -keratin

Hard a-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals ... more Hard a-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals in a variety of functions including thermoregulation, feeding and intraspecific competition. Hard a-keratins are fibre-reinforced structures consisting of cytoskeletal elements known as 'intermediate filaments' embedded in an amorphous protein matrix. Recent research has shown that intermediate filaments are soft and extensible in living keratinocytes but become far stiffer and less extensible in keratinized cells, and this stiffening may be mediated by air-drying. Baleen, the keratinous plates used by baleen whales during filter feeding, is an unusual mammalian keratin in that it never air dries, and in some species, it represents the most heavily calcified of all the hard a-keratins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that whale baleen is stiffened by calcification. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive description of baleen material properties and show th...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper

Aquatic Mammals, 2009

Herein we present an annotated translation of the classic paper by Tycho Tullberg on the structur... more Herein we present an annotated translation of the classic paper by Tycho Tullberg on the structure and development of baleen in blue whales. The three blue whale fetuses on which this study was based were obtained from a whaling station in Norway during a time when blue whales were still abundant enough to support a whaling industry. The value of this text for the modern reader is that it provides a glimpse into the mechanisms of development of baleen in the largest rorqual whale, which is something that modern biologists are unlikely to be able to replicate for a long time. Tullberg's careful morphology, histology, and developmental thinking provide a coherent account of how the elaborate baleen racks develop from simple epidermal and dermal origins. The figures, which we have reproduced here, are superb and provide a rare window into the morphology of blue whale baleen at three fetal stages. The histology is excellent for its time and provides insights into the various keratin tissue phases that make up the baleen plates and bristles as well as the enigmatic Zwischensubstanz that acts as a spacer and possible shock-absorber between plates.

Research paper thumbnail of Jaws of life

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-fast nematocysts

Research paper thumbnail of Bouncing bites

Research paper thumbnail of Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen  -keratin

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010

Hard α-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals ... more Hard α-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals in a variety of functions including thermoregulation, feeding and intraspecific competition. Hard α-keratins are fibre-reinforced structures consisting of cytoskeletal elements known as ‘intermediate filaments’ embedded in an amorphous protein matrix. Recent research has shown that intermediate filaments are soft and extensible in living keratinocytes but become far stiffer and less extensible in keratinized cells, and this stiffening may be mediated by air-drying. Baleen, the keratinous plates used by baleen whales during filter feeding, is an unusual mammalian keratin in that it never air dries, and in some species, it represents the most heavily calcified of all the hard α-keratins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that whale baleen is stiffened by calcification. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive description of baleen material properties and show that calci...

Research paper thumbnail of Review of the hagfishes (Myxinidae) from the Galapagos Islands, with descriptions of four new species and their phylogenetic relationships

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Hagfishes are an ancient group of benthic marine craniates that are found in deep or cold waters ... more Hagfishes are an ancient group of benthic marine craniates that are found in deep or cold waters around the world. Among the 83 valid species, four are described from the Galapagos Islands: Eptatretus bobwisneri, E. grouseri, E. mccoskeri and Rubicundus lakeside. During a recent expedition to the archipelago, six species of hagfishes were collected, including four undescribed species of the genera Eptatretus (Eptatretus goslinei sp. nov.) and Myxine (Myxine greggi sp. nov., M. martinii sp. nov. and M. phantasma sp. nov.). In this paper, we provide a review of the eight species of hagfishes from the Galapagos Islands, including new diagnoses and an identification key for all species. Myxine phantasma is remarkable in that it is the only species of Myxine known to completely lack melanin-based pigments. Our species delineations were based on both morphological and molecular analyses. A phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data suggests that Galapagos hagfishes arose from multipl...

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Fast Nematocysts

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Getting a Jump on the Competition

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Hovering in the Dark

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Out... more O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Outside JEB is a monthly feature that reports the most exciting developments in experimental biology. Short articles that have been selected and written by a team of active research scientists highlight the papers that JEB readers can't afford to miss.

Research paper thumbnail of She's Got Legs

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Out... more O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Outside JEB is a monthly feature that reports the most exciting developments in experimental biology. Short articles that have been selected and written by a team of active research scientists highlight the papers that JEB readers can't afford to miss.

Research paper thumbnail of Bouncing Bites

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mussels Pulling Off Not Getting Pulled Off

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Chilly Waters, Hot Sharks

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Jaws of Life

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Music to his antennae

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Sticky Feats

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Fifty years of J. R. Platt's strong inference

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Stretchy to the Core

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper

Aquatic Mammals, 2009

... Tycho Tullberg was a prominent 19th-century Swedish zoologist and a great grandson of Carl Li... more ... Tycho Tullberg was a prominent 19th-century Swedish zoologist and a great grandson of Carl Linnaeus. ... Of the authors who have studied the structure of baleen in more detail, the following authors deserve spe-cial recognition: Hunter, Rosenthal, Ravin, Rapp, Hesse and most ...

Research paper thumbnail of Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen -keratin

Hard a-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals ... more Hard a-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals in a variety of functions including thermoregulation, feeding and intraspecific competition. Hard a-keratins are fibre-reinforced structures consisting of cytoskeletal elements known as 'intermediate filaments' embedded in an amorphous protein matrix. Recent research has shown that intermediate filaments are soft and extensible in living keratinocytes but become far stiffer and less extensible in keratinized cells, and this stiffening may be mediated by air-drying. Baleen, the keratinous plates used by baleen whales during filter feeding, is an unusual mammalian keratin in that it never air dries, and in some species, it represents the most heavily calcified of all the hard a-keratins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that whale baleen is stiffened by calcification. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive description of baleen material properties and show th...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper

Aquatic Mammals, 2009

Herein we present an annotated translation of the classic paper by Tycho Tullberg on the structur... more Herein we present an annotated translation of the classic paper by Tycho Tullberg on the structure and development of baleen in blue whales. The three blue whale fetuses on which this study was based were obtained from a whaling station in Norway during a time when blue whales were still abundant enough to support a whaling industry. The value of this text for the modern reader is that it provides a glimpse into the mechanisms of development of baleen in the largest rorqual whale, which is something that modern biologists are unlikely to be able to replicate for a long time. Tullberg's careful morphology, histology, and developmental thinking provide a coherent account of how the elaborate baleen racks develop from simple epidermal and dermal origins. The figures, which we have reproduced here, are superb and provide a rare window into the morphology of blue whale baleen at three fetal stages. The histology is excellent for its time and provides insights into the various keratin tissue phases that make up the baleen plates and bristles as well as the enigmatic Zwischensubstanz that acts as a spacer and possible shock-absorber between plates.

Research paper thumbnail of Jaws of life

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-fast nematocysts

Research paper thumbnail of Bouncing bites

Research paper thumbnail of Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen  -keratin

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010

Hard α-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals ... more Hard α-keratins such as hair, nail, wool and horn are stiff epidermal appendages used by mammals in a variety of functions including thermoregulation, feeding and intraspecific competition. Hard α-keratins are fibre-reinforced structures consisting of cytoskeletal elements known as ‘intermediate filaments’ embedded in an amorphous protein matrix. Recent research has shown that intermediate filaments are soft and extensible in living keratinocytes but become far stiffer and less extensible in keratinized cells, and this stiffening may be mediated by air-drying. Baleen, the keratinous plates used by baleen whales during filter feeding, is an unusual mammalian keratin in that it never air dries, and in some species, it represents the most heavily calcified of all the hard α-keratins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that whale baleen is stiffened by calcification. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive description of baleen material properties and show that calci...

Research paper thumbnail of Review of the hagfishes (Myxinidae) from the Galapagos Islands, with descriptions of four new species and their phylogenetic relationships

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Hagfishes are an ancient group of benthic marine craniates that are found in deep or cold waters ... more Hagfishes are an ancient group of benthic marine craniates that are found in deep or cold waters around the world. Among the 83 valid species, four are described from the Galapagos Islands: Eptatretus bobwisneri, E. grouseri, E. mccoskeri and Rubicundus lakeside. During a recent expedition to the archipelago, six species of hagfishes were collected, including four undescribed species of the genera Eptatretus (Eptatretus goslinei sp. nov.) and Myxine (Myxine greggi sp. nov., M. martinii sp. nov. and M. phantasma sp. nov.). In this paper, we provide a review of the eight species of hagfishes from the Galapagos Islands, including new diagnoses and an identification key for all species. Myxine phantasma is remarkable in that it is the only species of Myxine known to completely lack melanin-based pigments. Our species delineations were based on both morphological and molecular analyses. A phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data suggests that Galapagos hagfishes arose from multipl...

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Fast Nematocysts

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Getting a Jump on the Competition

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Hovering in the Dark

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Out... more O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Outside JEB is a monthly feature that reports the most exciting developments in experimental biology. Short articles that have been selected and written by a team of active research scientists highlight the papers that JEB readers can't afford to miss.

Research paper thumbnail of She's Got Legs

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Out... more O Ou ut ts si id de e J JE EB B Outside JEB iv Keeping track of the literature isn't easy, so Outside JEB is a monthly feature that reports the most exciting developments in experimental biology. Short articles that have been selected and written by a team of active research scientists highlight the papers that JEB readers can't afford to miss.

Research paper thumbnail of Bouncing Bites

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mussels Pulling Off Not Getting Pulled Off

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Chilly Waters, Hot Sharks

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Jaws of Life

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Music to his antennae

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Sticky Feats

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Fifty years of J. R. Platt's strong inference

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Stretchy to the Core

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper

Aquatic Mammals, 2009

... Tycho Tullberg was a prominent 19th-century Swedish zoologist and a great grandson of Carl Li... more ... Tycho Tullberg was a prominent 19th-century Swedish zoologist and a great grandson of Carl Linnaeus. ... Of the authors who have studied the structure of baleen in more detail, the following authors deserve spe-cial recognition: Hunter, Rosenthal, Ravin, Rapp, Hesse and most ...