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Research paper thumbnail of Acute exposure to a commercial formulation of Azoxystrobin alters antioxidant enzymes and elicit damage in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants

Azoxystrobin is a strobilurin of growing concern in aquatic environments because it is the most s... more Azoxystrobin is a strobilurin of growing concern in aquatic environments because it is the most sold fungicide worldwide, however, the information available about its effect on aquatic non-target organisms is scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects at environmentally relevant (1–10 μg/L) and elevated (100–500 μg/L) concentrations in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense exposed to the commercial formulation AMISTAR®. Following an acute 24-h exposure, there were no effects of AMISTAR® on photosynthetic pigments at any of the concentrations evaluated. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was significantly elevated at 1 and 10 μg/L AZX. Significant decrease of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in plants exposed to 500 μg/L, and to 100 and 500 μg/L, respectively, and an increase in glycolate oxidase activity at 500 μg/L was observed. DNA damage at 100 and 500 μg/L was observed. These data indicate that although environmentally relevant levels of AMISTAR® did not result cytotoxic, this fungicide was genotoxic, affecting the physiological process of photorespiration and caused oxidative damage at high concentrations. In this sense, it is necessary to explore sub-lethal responses in non-target organisms because some effects could promote further potential long-term biological consequences in a context of repeated pulses of exposure.

Research paper thumbnail of Imidacloprid modifies the mitotic kinetics and causes both aneugenic and clastogenic effects in the macrophyte Bidens laevis L

Heliyon, Jul 1, 2019

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agricultural activities all arou... more Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agricultural activities all around the world. This compound is transported from croplands to surrounding freshwater ecosystems, producing adverse effects on nontarget organisms. Because of the relevance of aquatic macrophytes in the above-mentioned environments and the lack of studies of potential effects of IMI on them, this work aimed to assess the mitotic process and potential genotoxicity in the aquatic macrophyte Bidens laevis L. Although the analysis of the Mitotic Index (MI) showed that IMI was not cytotoxic, the Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CPK) frequencies evidenced modifications in the kinetics of the mitotic process. Indeed, the anaphases ratio decreased at 10 and 100 μg/L IMI, while at 1000 μg/L an increase of prophases ratio and a decrease of metaphases ratio were observed. Regarding genotoxicity, IMI produced an increase of the abnormal metaphases frequency from 10 μg/L to 1000 μg/L as well as an increase in clastogenic anaphases-telophases frequency at 100 and 1000 μg/L. In addition, aneugenic anaphases-telophases and C-mitosis frequencies also increased at 1000 μg/L, confirming the effects on the mitotic spindle. Considering the genotoxic effects on B. laevis through two different mechanisms (aneugenic and clastogenic) and the wide spread use of IMI in agriculture, these mechanisms of toxicity on macrophytes should be considered among other recognized effects of this insecticide on aquatic biota.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Genotoxicity in the Wetland Macrophyte Bidens laevis Exposed to Tebuconazole

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

The fungicide tebuconazole (TBZ) has been used to prevent terrestrial fungi in agroecosystems, bu... more The fungicide tebuconazole (TBZ) has been used to prevent terrestrial fungi in agroecosystems, but it can also induce negative effects to non-targeted aquatic organisms, such as plants. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential cyto- and genotoxicity of TBZ in the aquatic macrophyte Bidens laevis, exposed to a range of concentrations of 0.1–100 µg/L. Mitosis in root tips were analyzed showing decreased mitotic index and an increase of chromosomal aberrations at 10 and 100 µg/L. The regression of TBZ concentration vs. aneugenic aberrations was significant, indicating the mechanism of genotoxicity. The specific growth rate (Gr) for total length decreased in plants exposed to 0.1, 10 and 100 µg/L. Gr for root decreased in plants exposed at 0.1 and 10 µg/L, reaching a maximum percent inhibition root growth rate (Ir) of 68.8%. These results show that TBZ resulted cyto- and genotoxic to B. laevis at environmentally relevant levels.

Research paper thumbnail of CAMBIOS EN LA ACTIVIDAD DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES DE Myriophyllum quitense EXPUESTA A ENDOSULFÁN A DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS

Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, Feb 1, 2019

Palabras clave: plaguicida, estrés oxidativo, macrófita acuática, factores de confusión RESUMEN L... more Palabras clave: plaguicida, estrés oxidativo, macrófita acuática, factores de confusión RESUMEN Las macrófitas acuáticas han sido ampliamente utilizadas como biomonitores ambientales por su rol primordial en el ecosistema y porque los cuerpos de agua son el destino final de muchos xenobióticos. En particular, se han utilizado varios biomarcadores del género Myriophyllum para evaluaciones de toxicidad; sin embargo, existen pocos antecedentes sobre el efecto potencial de los "factores de confusión" sobre dichos biomarcadores. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes en Myriophyllum quitense expuesta a concentraciones de relevancia ambiental del plaguicida endosulfán (ES). Se evaluó la actividad de las enzimas catalasa (CAT) y guayacol peroxidasa (POD), así como glutatión-S-transferasa en su fracción citosólica (GSTc) y microsomal (GSTm), en plantas expuestas a dos temperaturas (11 y 19 ºC) y a dos concentraciones de ES: 5 y 10 µg/L. Se observó interacción entre la temperatura y la concentración de ES para las actividades de CAT y POD, y diferencias en las actividades de las cuatro enzimas cuando las plantas fueron expuestas a 11 ºC, respecto de los controles. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las actividades enzimáticas de las plantas expuestas a ES a 19 ºC. Estos resultados indican la importancia de considerar la evaluación de factores como la temperatura en bioensayos, dado que su efecto altera la toxicidad del contaminante.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute exposure to a commercial formulation of Azoxystrobin alters antioxidant enzymes and elicit damage in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants

Azoxystrobin is a strobilurin of growing concern in aquatic environments because it is the most s... more Azoxystrobin is a strobilurin of growing concern in aquatic environments because it is the most sold fungicide worldwide, however, the information available about its effect on aquatic non-target organisms is scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects at environmentally relevant (1–10 μg/L) and elevated (100–500 μg/L) concentrations in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense exposed to the commercial formulation AMISTAR®. Following an acute 24-h exposure, there were no effects of AMISTAR® on photosynthetic pigments at any of the concentrations evaluated. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was significantly elevated at 1 and 10 μg/L AZX. Significant decrease of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in plants exposed to 500 μg/L, and to 100 and 500 μg/L, respectively, and an increase in glycolate oxidase activity at 500 μg/L was observed. DNA damage at 100 and 500 μg/L was observed. These data indicate that although environmentally relevant levels of AMISTAR® did not result cytotoxic, this fungicide was genotoxic, affecting the physiological process of photorespiration and caused oxidative damage at high concentrations. In this sense, it is necessary to explore sub-lethal responses in non-target organisms because some effects could promote further potential long-term biological consequences in a context of repeated pulses of exposure.

Research paper thumbnail of Imidacloprid modifies the mitotic kinetics and causes both aneugenic and clastogenic effects in the macrophyte Bidens laevis L

Heliyon, Jul 1, 2019

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agricultural activities all arou... more Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agricultural activities all around the world. This compound is transported from croplands to surrounding freshwater ecosystems, producing adverse effects on nontarget organisms. Because of the relevance of aquatic macrophytes in the above-mentioned environments and the lack of studies of potential effects of IMI on them, this work aimed to assess the mitotic process and potential genotoxicity in the aquatic macrophyte Bidens laevis L. Although the analysis of the Mitotic Index (MI) showed that IMI was not cytotoxic, the Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CPK) frequencies evidenced modifications in the kinetics of the mitotic process. Indeed, the anaphases ratio decreased at 10 and 100 μg/L IMI, while at 1000 μg/L an increase of prophases ratio and a decrease of metaphases ratio were observed. Regarding genotoxicity, IMI produced an increase of the abnormal metaphases frequency from 10 μg/L to 1000 μg/L as well as an increase in clastogenic anaphases-telophases frequency at 100 and 1000 μg/L. In addition, aneugenic anaphases-telophases and C-mitosis frequencies also increased at 1000 μg/L, confirming the effects on the mitotic spindle. Considering the genotoxic effects on B. laevis through two different mechanisms (aneugenic and clastogenic) and the wide spread use of IMI in agriculture, these mechanisms of toxicity on macrophytes should be considered among other recognized effects of this insecticide on aquatic biota.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Genotoxicity in the Wetland Macrophyte Bidens laevis Exposed to Tebuconazole

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

The fungicide tebuconazole (TBZ) has been used to prevent terrestrial fungi in agroecosystems, bu... more The fungicide tebuconazole (TBZ) has been used to prevent terrestrial fungi in agroecosystems, but it can also induce negative effects to non-targeted aquatic organisms, such as plants. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential cyto- and genotoxicity of TBZ in the aquatic macrophyte Bidens laevis, exposed to a range of concentrations of 0.1–100 µg/L. Mitosis in root tips were analyzed showing decreased mitotic index and an increase of chromosomal aberrations at 10 and 100 µg/L. The regression of TBZ concentration vs. aneugenic aberrations was significant, indicating the mechanism of genotoxicity. The specific growth rate (Gr) for total length decreased in plants exposed to 0.1, 10 and 100 µg/L. Gr for root decreased in plants exposed at 0.1 and 10 µg/L, reaching a maximum percent inhibition root growth rate (Ir) of 68.8%. These results show that TBZ resulted cyto- and genotoxic to B. laevis at environmentally relevant levels.

Research paper thumbnail of CAMBIOS EN LA ACTIVIDAD DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES DE Myriophyllum quitense EXPUESTA A ENDOSULFÁN A DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS

Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, Feb 1, 2019

Palabras clave: plaguicida, estrés oxidativo, macrófita acuática, factores de confusión RESUMEN L... more Palabras clave: plaguicida, estrés oxidativo, macrófita acuática, factores de confusión RESUMEN Las macrófitas acuáticas han sido ampliamente utilizadas como biomonitores ambientales por su rol primordial en el ecosistema y porque los cuerpos de agua son el destino final de muchos xenobióticos. En particular, se han utilizado varios biomarcadores del género Myriophyllum para evaluaciones de toxicidad; sin embargo, existen pocos antecedentes sobre el efecto potencial de los "factores de confusión" sobre dichos biomarcadores. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes en Myriophyllum quitense expuesta a concentraciones de relevancia ambiental del plaguicida endosulfán (ES). Se evaluó la actividad de las enzimas catalasa (CAT) y guayacol peroxidasa (POD), así como glutatión-S-transferasa en su fracción citosólica (GSTc) y microsomal (GSTm), en plantas expuestas a dos temperaturas (11 y 19 ºC) y a dos concentraciones de ES: 5 y 10 µg/L. Se observó interacción entre la temperatura y la concentración de ES para las actividades de CAT y POD, y diferencias en las actividades de las cuatro enzimas cuando las plantas fueron expuestas a 11 ºC, respecto de los controles. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las actividades enzimáticas de las plantas expuestas a ES a 19 ºC. Estos resultados indican la importancia de considerar la evaluación de factores como la temperatura en bioensayos, dado que su efecto altera la toxicidad del contaminante.