D. Morton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by D. Morton
Biochemical Society Transactions, 1973
International journal of pancreatology, 1988
Fresh frozen plasma therapy was assessed in a rat model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis incorp... more Fresh frozen plasma therapy was assessed in a rat model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis incorporating the facility for continuous intravenous infusion in the unrestrained animal. Infusions including fresh frozen plasma were shown to significantly improve 72 h survival in the model compared to crystalloid (P < 0.001) and colloid (P < 0.05) control groups. The mechanism of this improved survival has yet to be elucidated, but this work supports the establishment of a controlled clinical trial of fresh frozen plasma therapy in this disease.
Cardiovascular Research, 1994
Veterinary Record, 1985
Under the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act it is necessary to recognise pain so that an assessment may... more Under the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act it is necessary to recognise pain so that an assessment may be made to determine if it is 'an experiment calculated to give pain' and 'to prevent the animal feeling pain'. Under the conditions of the licence it is also necessary to recognise 'severe pain which is likely to endure' and 'suffering considerable pain'. In the White Paper May 1983 (Command 8883) it is stated that: 'in the application of controls the concept of pain should be applied in a wide sense' and 'the Home Secretary's practice has been to interpret the concept of pain to include disease, other disturbances of normal health, adverse change in physiology, discomfort and distress'. The draft European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Purposes, aims to control, subject to specific exceptions, any experimental or other scientific procedure which 'may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm'. (The White Paper states that UK control will be stricter than the Council of Europe proposals.) Thus, there is a considerable onus on the experimenter to recognise pain (not to define it) and to alleviate it. It is intended that this article should be of help, not only to newcomers inexperienced in the recognition of pain, but also possibly to those relatively experienced workers who may be called upon to evaluate the pain involved in a new model or an individual animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, 2007
Vaccination promotes animal welfare by protecting animal health, but it also has other welfare be... more Vaccination promotes animal welfare by protecting animal health, but it also has other welfare benefits, e.g. recent investigations have looked at the potential of vaccines in immunoneutering such as immunocastration--a humane alternative to the painful traditional methods. Similarly, vaccination can be used during disease outbreaks as a viable alternative to stamping-out, thus avoiding the welfare problems that on-farm mass slaughter can cause. Protecting animal health through vaccination leads to improved animal welfare, and maintaining good welfare ensures that animals can respond successfully to vaccination (as poor welfare can lead to immunosuppression, which can affect the response to vaccination). It is clear that vaccination has tremendous advantages for animal welfare and although the possible side effects of vaccination can have a negative effect on the welfare of some individual animals, the harm caused by these unwanted effects must be weighed against the undoubted benefits for groups of animals.
Measuring and auditing broiler welfare
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1985
European Journal of Pharmacology, 1990
Australian Veterinary Journal, 1993
Summary. Rabbit does were killed at intervals between 2 min and 90 hr after mating and spermatozo... more Summary. Rabbit does were killed at intervals between 2 min and 90 hr after mating and spermatozoa were flushed from the genital tract and counted. A technique is described which facilitates the counting of small numbers of spermatozoa with reasonable accuracy. Evidence was found to suggest that the rabbit's cervix functions as a sperm reservoir and factors influencing the formation of the reservoir and transcervical migration are discussed. It was noted that spermatozoa reached the oviduct within 30 min of coitus.
Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 1979
Female sheep were injected with highly purified and partially purified preparations of ram sperm ... more Female sheep were injected with highly purified and partially purified preparations of ram sperm acrosin and hyaluronidase. The fertility and immune response of the sheep were monitored. Fertility was not significantly reduced in any single group, though a positive correlation was observed between high antibody titres against acrosin and reduced fertility. Studies on the direct action of sera from the ewes on ejaculated ram spermatozoa did not show any evidence of sperm agglutination or immobilization. Similar studies with denuded spermatozoa (detergent induced 'acrosome reaction') sometimes resulted in agglutination and enzyme inhibition was also seen; there was no correlation between any of these parameters and pregnancy.
Frontiers of biology, 1976
Research in Veterinary Science, 1995
Effects of acute and chronic restraint on the adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone conce... more Effects of acute and chronic restraint on the adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone concentration of mice and their faecal output of oocysts after infection with
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 1986
Pulsatility index (PI) is a commonly used method of objective assessment of the Doppler waveform.... more Pulsatility index (PI) is a commonly used method of objective assessment of the Doppler waveform. PI falls with increasing proximal stenosis and is raised by increasing peripheral resistance. Damping factor (DF) for an arterial segment is calculated by dividing the proximal by the distal PI. DF rises with increasing severity of disease of the arterial segment. DF is not, however, sufficiently accurate to be used alone but is usually combined with transit time measurements to provide information of diagnostic use. Both PI and DF have been examined in a canine model of combined segment disease. With increasing stenosis, distal PI falls as expected but so also does proximal PI. Such a stenosis is, in effect, a flow-throttling resistance so that although the characteristics of blood flow are altered by its presence, similar changes are observed both above and below the stenosis. The reduction of PI by a stenosis distal to the insonation site may result in the false interpretation of a low PI as indicating disease proximal to the insonation site. The observed similarity between PI proximal and distal to a stenosis reduces the usefulness of pulsatility index damping factor, particularly in the assessment of the femoro-popliteal segment in combined segment disease.
Research in Veterinary Science, 1992
The effects of pancreatic duct anastomosis to stomach (stomach group) or duodenum (duodenal group... more The effects of pancreatic duct anastomosis to stomach (stomach group) or duodenum (duodenal group) on pancreatic function were examined in dogs following two thirds pancreatectomy. Normal fasting blood glucose concentrations were maintained in both groups despite significant reductions in glucose tolerance in the stomach group, and reductions in fasting insulin and insulin peak response in both groups. Pancreatic exocrine function was significantly decreased in both groups, though plasma p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) concentrations were generally higher in the duodenal group. A correlation was found between plasma trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) and pancreatic weight. These results indicate that anastomosis of the pancreas to bowel can be undertaken with minimal postoperative complications and that the site of the anastomosis influences pancreatic function. They suggest that preservation of more than one third of the pancreas is required for optimal function. The complementary information provided by the PABA and TLI tests suggests their dual application will be clinically useful for the detection and characterisation of naturally occurring pancreatic diseases.
Biochemical Society Transactions, 1973
International journal of pancreatology, 1988
Fresh frozen plasma therapy was assessed in a rat model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis incorp... more Fresh frozen plasma therapy was assessed in a rat model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis incorporating the facility for continuous intravenous infusion in the unrestrained animal. Infusions including fresh frozen plasma were shown to significantly improve 72 h survival in the model compared to crystalloid (P < 0.001) and colloid (P < 0.05) control groups. The mechanism of this improved survival has yet to be elucidated, but this work supports the establishment of a controlled clinical trial of fresh frozen plasma therapy in this disease.
Cardiovascular Research, 1994
Veterinary Record, 1985
Under the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act it is necessary to recognise pain so that an assessment may... more Under the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act it is necessary to recognise pain so that an assessment may be made to determine if it is 'an experiment calculated to give pain' and 'to prevent the animal feeling pain'. Under the conditions of the licence it is also necessary to recognise 'severe pain which is likely to endure' and 'suffering considerable pain'. In the White Paper May 1983 (Command 8883) it is stated that: 'in the application of controls the concept of pain should be applied in a wide sense' and 'the Home Secretary's practice has been to interpret the concept of pain to include disease, other disturbances of normal health, adverse change in physiology, discomfort and distress'. The draft European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Purposes, aims to control, subject to specific exceptions, any experimental or other scientific procedure which 'may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm'. (The White Paper states that UK control will be stricter than the Council of Europe proposals.) Thus, there is a considerable onus on the experimenter to recognise pain (not to define it) and to alleviate it. It is intended that this article should be of help, not only to newcomers inexperienced in the recognition of pain, but also possibly to those relatively experienced workers who may be called upon to evaluate the pain involved in a new model or an individual animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, 2007
Vaccination promotes animal welfare by protecting animal health, but it also has other welfare be... more Vaccination promotes animal welfare by protecting animal health, but it also has other welfare benefits, e.g. recent investigations have looked at the potential of vaccines in immunoneutering such as immunocastration--a humane alternative to the painful traditional methods. Similarly, vaccination can be used during disease outbreaks as a viable alternative to stamping-out, thus avoiding the welfare problems that on-farm mass slaughter can cause. Protecting animal health through vaccination leads to improved animal welfare, and maintaining good welfare ensures that animals can respond successfully to vaccination (as poor welfare can lead to immunosuppression, which can affect the response to vaccination). It is clear that vaccination has tremendous advantages for animal welfare and although the possible side effects of vaccination can have a negative effect on the welfare of some individual animals, the harm caused by these unwanted effects must be weighed against the undoubted benefits for groups of animals.
Measuring and auditing broiler welfare
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1985
European Journal of Pharmacology, 1990
Australian Veterinary Journal, 1993
Summary. Rabbit does were killed at intervals between 2 min and 90 hr after mating and spermatozo... more Summary. Rabbit does were killed at intervals between 2 min and 90 hr after mating and spermatozoa were flushed from the genital tract and counted. A technique is described which facilitates the counting of small numbers of spermatozoa with reasonable accuracy. Evidence was found to suggest that the rabbit's cervix functions as a sperm reservoir and factors influencing the formation of the reservoir and transcervical migration are discussed. It was noted that spermatozoa reached the oviduct within 30 min of coitus.
Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 1979
Female sheep were injected with highly purified and partially purified preparations of ram sperm ... more Female sheep were injected with highly purified and partially purified preparations of ram sperm acrosin and hyaluronidase. The fertility and immune response of the sheep were monitored. Fertility was not significantly reduced in any single group, though a positive correlation was observed between high antibody titres against acrosin and reduced fertility. Studies on the direct action of sera from the ewes on ejaculated ram spermatozoa did not show any evidence of sperm agglutination or immobilization. Similar studies with denuded spermatozoa (detergent induced 'acrosome reaction') sometimes resulted in agglutination and enzyme inhibition was also seen; there was no correlation between any of these parameters and pregnancy.
Frontiers of biology, 1976
Research in Veterinary Science, 1995
Effects of acute and chronic restraint on the adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone conce... more Effects of acute and chronic restraint on the adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone concentration of mice and their faecal output of oocysts after infection with
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 1986
Pulsatility index (PI) is a commonly used method of objective assessment of the Doppler waveform.... more Pulsatility index (PI) is a commonly used method of objective assessment of the Doppler waveform. PI falls with increasing proximal stenosis and is raised by increasing peripheral resistance. Damping factor (DF) for an arterial segment is calculated by dividing the proximal by the distal PI. DF rises with increasing severity of disease of the arterial segment. DF is not, however, sufficiently accurate to be used alone but is usually combined with transit time measurements to provide information of diagnostic use. Both PI and DF have been examined in a canine model of combined segment disease. With increasing stenosis, distal PI falls as expected but so also does proximal PI. Such a stenosis is, in effect, a flow-throttling resistance so that although the characteristics of blood flow are altered by its presence, similar changes are observed both above and below the stenosis. The reduction of PI by a stenosis distal to the insonation site may result in the false interpretation of a low PI as indicating disease proximal to the insonation site. The observed similarity between PI proximal and distal to a stenosis reduces the usefulness of pulsatility index damping factor, particularly in the assessment of the femoro-popliteal segment in combined segment disease.
Research in Veterinary Science, 1992
The effects of pancreatic duct anastomosis to stomach (stomach group) or duodenum (duodenal group... more The effects of pancreatic duct anastomosis to stomach (stomach group) or duodenum (duodenal group) on pancreatic function were examined in dogs following two thirds pancreatectomy. Normal fasting blood glucose concentrations were maintained in both groups despite significant reductions in glucose tolerance in the stomach group, and reductions in fasting insulin and insulin peak response in both groups. Pancreatic exocrine function was significantly decreased in both groups, though plasma p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) concentrations were generally higher in the duodenal group. A correlation was found between plasma trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) and pancreatic weight. These results indicate that anastomosis of the pancreas to bowel can be undertaken with minimal postoperative complications and that the site of the anastomosis influences pancreatic function. They suggest that preservation of more than one third of the pancreas is required for optimal function. The complementary information provided by the PABA and TLI tests suggests their dual application will be clinically useful for the detection and characterisation of naturally occurring pancreatic diseases.