Daniel Otunge - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Daniel Otunge

Unpublished, 2023

The principles of international environmental law, which are the foundation of environmental prot... more The principles of international environmental law, which are the foundation of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation, are primarily enshrined in Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). These MEAs, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Convention and International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), among others, play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with national, regional, and global environmental obligations. Their existence and enforcement not only provide reassurance about the effectiveness of these agreements in upholding environmental standards, but also highlight their crucial role in shaping international environmental law.
The principles of international environmental law include sustainable development, integration, and interdependence; Inter-generational and intragenerational equity; responsibility for transboundary harm; transparency, public participation, and access to information and remedies; Precautionary Principle; Principle on Prevention; Polluter Pays Principle; Access and benefit sharing regarding natural resources; Common heritage and common concern of humankind; Good governance; Cooperation, and Common but differentiated responsibility. This paper discusses the scope, nature, and application of these principles below.

NBC: National Biosafety Committee 1.0. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This research pap... more NBC: National Biosafety Committee 1.0. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This research paper critically analyzes the legal challenges bedeviling the implementation of the Biosafety Act 2009. The Act regulates activities in genetically modified organisms, establishes the National Biosafety Authority 1 (NBA), and other connected purposes. 2 The statute came into effect in 2011. 3 According to the Act, the NBA exercises regulatory authority over the research, development and deregulation, trade, transfer, handling, and use of genetically modified organisms to ensure (a) the safety of human and animal health and (b) the protection of the environment from potential harmful effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). 4 This implies that the NBA should have the full legal mandate to supervise all matters related to biotechnology in Kenya. However, the section 3 (1) limits the scope of the Act. It states that the requirements of this Act are in addition to the requirements imposed by any other Act (emphasis added). This provision, as read together with Part V of the Act, effectively subjects the implementation of the Biosafety Act 2009 to the requirements of other statutes establishing other regulatory bodies. Although Kenya has the necessary biosafety legal framework 5 required by international law 6 for trade, adoption, and application of modern agricultural biotechnology, the regulatory environment

Construction risks based energy-saving reconstruction of distribution transformers

… (CICED), 2010 China …, 2010

For solving diseconomy problems in distribution transformers reconstruction, simple and practical... more For solving diseconomy problems in distribution transformers reconstruction, simple and practical criterions based on the actual situation are developed to judge the various parameters of distribution transformers. The distribution transformers selected without ...

ISAAA Brief 40 "Communicating Crop Biotechnology: Stories from Stakeholders

Awareness Of And Perceptions Towards Crop Biotechnology: Case Study Of Members Of The Seed Trade Association Of Kenya

Encouraging Open Discussion on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa

Biosciences Strategic Communication in Africa

Encouraging Open Discussion on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa

Unpublished, 2023

The principles of international environmental law, which are the foundation of environmental prot... more The principles of international environmental law, which are the foundation of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation, are primarily enshrined in Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). These MEAs, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Convention and International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), among others, play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with national, regional, and global environmental obligations. Their existence and enforcement not only provide reassurance about the effectiveness of these agreements in upholding environmental standards, but also highlight their crucial role in shaping international environmental law.
The principles of international environmental law include sustainable development, integration, and interdependence; Inter-generational and intragenerational equity; responsibility for transboundary harm; transparency, public participation, and access to information and remedies; Precautionary Principle; Principle on Prevention; Polluter Pays Principle; Access and benefit sharing regarding natural resources; Common heritage and common concern of humankind; Good governance; Cooperation, and Common but differentiated responsibility. This paper discusses the scope, nature, and application of these principles below.

NBC: National Biosafety Committee 1.0. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This research pap... more NBC: National Biosafety Committee 1.0. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This research paper critically analyzes the legal challenges bedeviling the implementation of the Biosafety Act 2009. The Act regulates activities in genetically modified organisms, establishes the National Biosafety Authority 1 (NBA), and other connected purposes. 2 The statute came into effect in 2011. 3 According to the Act, the NBA exercises regulatory authority over the research, development and deregulation, trade, transfer, handling, and use of genetically modified organisms to ensure (a) the safety of human and animal health and (b) the protection of the environment from potential harmful effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). 4 This implies that the NBA should have the full legal mandate to supervise all matters related to biotechnology in Kenya. However, the section 3 (1) limits the scope of the Act. It states that the requirements of this Act are in addition to the requirements imposed by any other Act (emphasis added). This provision, as read together with Part V of the Act, effectively subjects the implementation of the Biosafety Act 2009 to the requirements of other statutes establishing other regulatory bodies. Although Kenya has the necessary biosafety legal framework 5 required by international law 6 for trade, adoption, and application of modern agricultural biotechnology, the regulatory environment

Construction risks based energy-saving reconstruction of distribution transformers

… (CICED), 2010 China …, 2010

For solving diseconomy problems in distribution transformers reconstruction, simple and practical... more For solving diseconomy problems in distribution transformers reconstruction, simple and practical criterions based on the actual situation are developed to judge the various parameters of distribution transformers. The distribution transformers selected without ...

ISAAA Brief 40 "Communicating Crop Biotechnology: Stories from Stakeholders

Awareness Of And Perceptions Towards Crop Biotechnology: Case Study Of Members Of The Seed Trade Association Of Kenya

Encouraging Open Discussion on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa

Biosciences Strategic Communication in Africa

Encouraging Open Discussion on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa