DR. Mohamed Tharwat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by DR. Mohamed Tharwat

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic ultrasonography in horses with acute abdominal pain

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of acute synovitis experimentally induced by amphotericin-b on the biomarkers of camel joint structures

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of general anaesthesia with halothane or isoflurane on serum concentrations of inflammation and bone biomarkers in dromedary camels

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of experimentally induced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on myocardial function in goats as assessed by the serum concentration of cardiac troponin I

2 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of induced hyper- and hypocal... more 2 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of induced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on cardiac cell damage in goats as assessed by the serum concentration cardiac troponin (cTnI). For this purpose, 24 clinically healthy does were used, divided into two equal groups (G1, hypercalcaemia; G2, hypocalcaemia). Hypercalcaemia was induced in G1 by slow IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate (2 ml /kg BW, speed 1 mL/ 5 sec). Hypocalcaemia was induced in G2 goats by slow IV infusion of 5% Na EDTA. From both groups, eleven 2 blood samples (T0-T10) were then collected from each goat. The first blood sample was collected immediately before induction (T0). Four blood samples (T1-T4) were collected 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after injection. Blood samples 6 to 11 (T5-T10) were collected 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after induction. In G1, the serum concentration of calcium had increased significantly at time points T1-T4, while in G2, the serum concentration of calcium had decreased si...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Periparturient Period on the Serum Concentrations of Inflammation Biomarkers in Goats

2 Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturien... more 2 Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on the inflammation biomarkers haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. For this purpose, during the periparturient period, blood samples from 15 goats were collected at 3 weeks before expected parturition (T0), within 12 hours of parturition (T1) and 3 weeks after parturition (T2). A control group, comprised of 10 non-pregnant non-lactating goats was sampled at parallel time points. The total white blood cell count did not differ significantly among the values at T0, T1 and T2 time points. Compared to a mean value of 0.87 ± 0.3 mg/dL at T0, the serum concentration of Hp increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 6.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL. The Hp serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 0.26 ± 0.12 mg/dL compared to T0 and T1.Compared to a mean value of 164 ± 31 ng/mL at T0, the serum concentration of SAA increased significantly a...

Research paper thumbnail of A review on biomarkers of bone metabolism in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of electro-ejaculator on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and bone metabolism biomarkers in male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electroejaculation (EEJ) on the serum concen... more This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electroejaculation (EEJ) on the serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp), and on the bone metabolism biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Twenty sexually mature apparently healthy male camels were assigned to EEJ. Parallel, 8 naturally mated male camels were enrolled as a control group. Three blood samples were collected from each camel: just before (T0), directly after (T1) and 24 h after (T2) EEJ or natural mating camels. The serum concentrations of the APPs and bone biomarkers were determined. The serum concentrations of SAA increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of Hp differed significantly. The serum concentrations of OC increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of b-ALP differed significantly among T0, T1 and T2. It is concluded that acute phase reaction, manifested by significant increases of SAA, had occurred in male camels as a result of EEJ. In addition, EEJ increased serum concentration of the bone formation biomarker OC.

Research paper thumbnail of Renal Cell Carcinoma in A Female Arabian Camel

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2017

This report describes the clinical, haematobiochemical, ultrasonographical and pathological findi... more This report describes the clinical, haematobiochemical, ultrasonographical and pathological findings in a female Arabian camel with renal cell carcinoma. The she camel had a history of weight loss, abdominal pain and red urine. Rectal palpation revealed an enlarged mass at the right kidney which distorted its normal conformation. Centrifugation of a urine sample yielded red sediment. Alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters included a decreased hematocrit per cent, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, total protein, albumin and globulin, and increased glucose, creatinine, sodium and potassium concentrations. Increase in the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were also detected. Ultrasonographically, a caudally protruded, large, irregular shaped, hypoechoic and cavitated mass involving the right renal parenchyma was monitored. However, the left kidney subjectively appeared normal. At necropsy, haemorrhagic, irregular shaped and cavitated tumour involving the right kidney was detected. The right kidney was mostly pelvic. Compared to a weight of 1.5 Kg of the left, the right kidney weighed 18 Kg. Histopathologically, renal cell carcinoma showing tubular differentiation with malignant epithelial lining and nuclear anaplasia was suggested. No metastasis was found in other organs.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic and postmortem findings in camels (Camelus dromedarius) with abdominal disorders

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins and Bone Biomarkers in Female Dromedary Camels During The Periparturient Period

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2015

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on the inflammation biomarkers haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. For this purpose, during the periparturient period, blood samples from 15 goats were collected at 3 weeks before expected parturition (T0), within 12 hours of parturition (T1) and 3 weeks after parturition (T2). A control group, comprised of 10 non-pregnant non-lactating goats was sampled at parallel time points. The total white blood cell count did not differ significantly among the values at T0, T1 and T2 time points. Compared to a mean value of 0.87 ± 0.3 mg/dL at T0, the serum concentration of Hp increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 6.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL. The Hp serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 0.26 ± 0.12 mg/dL compared to T0 and T1.Compared to a mean value of 164 ± 31 ng/mL at T0, the serum concentration of SAA increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 722 ± 44 ng/mL. The SAA serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 40 ± 22 ng/mL compared to T0 and T1. Compared to a mean value of 254 ± 56 mg/L at T0, the plasma concentration of fibrinogen increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 400 ± 52 mg/L. The plasma fibrinogen concentration then decreased at T2 to a value of 256 ± 43 mg/L that differed significantly from the value at T1. In the control group, none the measured inflammation biomarkers differed significantly among T0, T1 and T2 values. The results of this study showed that an acute-phase reaction was manifested by significant increases in Hp, SAA and fibrinogen, had occurred in the goats around the time of parturition.

Research paper thumbnail of Impotentia generandi in male dromedary camels: breeding soundness, haematology, biochemistry and testosterone level

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2014

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical findings, semen characteristics, and tes... more The objective of this study was to describe the clinical findings, semen characteristics, and testicular histopathology in male dromedary camels affected with impotentia generandi (IG). According to the history, 82.6% (38/46) of the cases were classified as primary-IG (P-IG; never been able to impregnate a female), whereas 17.4% (8/46) were classified as secondary-IG (S-IG; acquired infertility). Only one scrotal testis was observed in four cases, and no scrotal testis was observed in one case. Overall, testicular length, width, and depth were 6.46 AE 0.2, 3.41 AE 0.1, and 2.8 AE 0.08 cm, respectively. Within the PIG males, 42.2% of the testes were classified as small, 47.9% as normal, and 9.9% as large. Within the S-IG males, 0.0% of the testes were classified as small, 80% as normal, and 20% as large. Ejaculate volume, total sperm number in the ejaculate, and sperm motility, viability, and abnormal morphology were 4.4 AE 0.3 mL, 25.7 AE 1.0 Â 10 6 , 18.7 AE 3.1%, 25.2 AE 3.4%, and 46.6 AE 3.7%, respectively. Azoospermia was observed in 30.4% of the cases, asthenospermia was observed in the 25% of the cases, and necrospermia was observed in 10% of the cases. The proportion of abnormal sperm was between 20% and 50%, and between 60% and 94% in 56.2% and 34.4% of the cases, respectively. Hypospermatogenesis, arrested spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and testicular degeneration were the main histopathological findings. In conclusion, IG in male dromedary camels appears to be related mainly to testicular dysfunction, which alters semen quality and reduces fertility.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the digestive tract in young camel calves until the AGE of 100 days

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

This study was designed to obtain the normal imaging pictures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)... more This study was designed to obtain the normal imaging pictures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) including the gastric compartments and small and large intestines in camel calves until the age of first 100 days of life. The GIT was examined at day 1, day 20, day 40, day 80 and day 100 by ultrasound in 15 clinically healthy camel calves (from 1 day until 100 days of age) and the normal imaging patterns were recorded and analysed. The results of ultrasonography as well as the imaging of the gastric compartments and small and large intestines are summarised. Ultrasonography could be used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in order to detect GIT diseases in the camel calves.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy and Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Veterinary Medicine International

This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healt... more This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healthy camels as well as camels with some renal disorders. In the dromedary camel, the physiology of the kidney is of interest in view of the specialization of the camel to hot dry deserts and to prolonged periods without water. It plays an important role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal disorders. Examples of kidney affections in dromedary camels are renal capsular pigmentation, medullary hyperemia, subcapsular calcification, cortical and medullar discoloration, hemorrhage in renal pelvis, nephrolithiasis, and hydatidosis. Congestion, hemorrhage, hydronephrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, subacute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diffuse interstitial nephritis, focal interstitial nephritis, renal cyst, hyaline degeneration, renal amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis, pyelonephritis, hemosideros...

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the abdomen in healthy and diseased camels (Camelus dromedaries) – a review

Journal of Applied Animal Research

Although the diseases of the abdomen in camels (Camelus dromedaries) are frequent than those of o... more Although the diseases of the abdomen in camels (Camelus dromedaries) are frequent than those of other systems, various abdominal disorders are passed misdiagnosed or detected incidentally at postmortem examination. This may be because of the large abdominal circumference in camels, and the nature of subacute abdominal pain even in severe conditions. By abdominal ultrasonography, the veterinarian can scan the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, and small and large intestines and peritoneum in camels. Samples of peritoneal fluid can also be collected under ultrasound guidance. Sonography has been used recently in camels for scanning of the healthy organs as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of diseased ones. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography are pneumonia, pleurisy, splenic abscessation, hepatic disorders, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation and renal neoplasms. Of the abdominal disorders diagnosed by ultrasonography are intestinal obstruction, volvulus, intussusception, abdominal effusions, peritonitis, abdominal and pelvic abscessations, chronic enteritis due to paratuberculosis, and neoplasia. In such cases, ultrasonography supplements the clinical and laboratory examinations by providing additional information on abdominal disorders for diagnosis antemortem. This review article is written to describe the results of abdominal ultrasonography in healthy camels as well as in camels with some abdominal disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the liver in healthy and diseased camels (Camelus dromedaries)

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

In camels, hepatic diseases are relatively common and most of them are misdiagnosed as a cause of... more In camels, hepatic diseases are relatively common and most of them are misdiagnosed as a cause of illness because signs may be subtle. In addition, diagnostic laboratory methods are insufficient as hepatic enzymes can also be elevated in camels with cardiac or skeletal muscle damage. Examples of liver diseases in camels are hepatic lipidosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic necrosis, choleostasis, hyperplasia of biliary epithelium, hydatid cysts, glycogen deposition, cholangitis, cholangiohepatitis, calcified hydatid cyst and hepatic abscesses. When the liver is examined by ultrasonography, the clinician gets sufficient information about the size, position, echopatterns of the hepatic parenchyma, bile ducts and outlines of the hepatic blood vessels. Ultrasonography has been used previously in camels only for reproductive purposes. However, during the past decade, it has been used for scanning of the healthy organs as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of non-reproductive disorders. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography in camels are paratuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, abdominal and urinary disorders, thoracic diseases, renal tumors, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation, gastrointestinal tumors, chronic peritonitis and splenic abscessation. Ultrasoundguidance in biopsy of hepatic lesions and in portocentesis has also been reported in camels. This mini review article is written to shed light on ultrasonography of the liver and its blood vessels in healthy camels as well as finding in camels with hepatic disorders such as fatty infiltration of the liver, hepatic abscesses and calcification of the bile ducts.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of racing on serum concentrations of bone metabolism biomarkers in racing arabian camels

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Concentration of Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in Goats during the Transition Period

Veterinary Medicine International

Objective. During the transition period, the animal experiences a series of nutritional, physiolo... more Objective. During the transition period, the animal experiences a series of nutritional, physiological, and social changes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period in goats on the serum concentrations of the bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Method. Blood samples were collected from fifteen female goats during the periparturient period 3 wk before expected parturition (T −3), within 12 h of parturition (T 0), and 3 wk after parturition (T +3). Results. Compared to a value of 77.67 ± 47.6 ng/mL at T −3, the serum concentrations of OC measured 51.91 ± 22.09 ng/mL at T 0 and 72.61 ± 35.21 ng/mL at T +3. A comparison of OC values at T −3, T 0, and T +3 did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05). Compared to a value of 42.00 ± 19.50 U/L at T −3, the serum concentration of b-ALP measured 32.49 ± 15.41 U/L at T 0 and 34.31 ± 18.89 U/L at T +3. A c...

Research paper thumbnail of Computed tomographic findings in a calf with actinomycosis: a case report

Veterinární Medicína

In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patien... more In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patient displayed a hard and immobile swelling in the mandible and fever. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the skull was performed under deep sedation and revealed an asymmetrical appearance of the mandible with the presence of intra-mandibular hypodense lesions. Haematologic and serum biochemical profiles revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Treatment consisted of flushing the lesion and administration of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The calf responded to therapy and had recovered almost completely four months later. The present case indicates that CT is an effective non-invasive means of identifying mandibular lesions in cattle.

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic peritonitis in dromedary camels: Clinical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of DNA damage of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils in cattle with lymphosarcoma

Veterinární Medicína

The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mon... more The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in cows clinically affected with lymphosarcoma. Thirteen cows were studied. Of them, eight, that were referred because of inappetance, loss of body condition, diarrhoea, constipation, protrusion of third eyelid, and exophthalmia, were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) based on a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other animals were apparently healthy and were used as controls. DNA damage of PBMC and PMN was assessed using the Comet assay. The results obtained showed a statistically significant difference in DNA damage between the PBMC and PMN isolated from cows infected with BLV compared to PBMC and PMN isolated from healthy cows. This is the first article to document decreased apoptosis of blood PBMC and PMN in cattle in response to BLV infection using the Comet assay.

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic ultrasonography in horses with acute abdominal pain

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of acute synovitis experimentally induced by amphotericin-b on the biomarkers of camel joint structures

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of general anaesthesia with halothane or isoflurane on serum concentrations of inflammation and bone biomarkers in dromedary camels

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of experimentally induced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on myocardial function in goats as assessed by the serum concentration of cardiac troponin I

2 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of induced hyper- and hypocal... more 2 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of induced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on cardiac cell damage in goats as assessed by the serum concentration cardiac troponin (cTnI). For this purpose, 24 clinically healthy does were used, divided into two equal groups (G1, hypercalcaemia; G2, hypocalcaemia). Hypercalcaemia was induced in G1 by slow IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate (2 ml /kg BW, speed 1 mL/ 5 sec). Hypocalcaemia was induced in G2 goats by slow IV infusion of 5% Na EDTA. From both groups, eleven 2 blood samples (T0-T10) were then collected from each goat. The first blood sample was collected immediately before induction (T0). Four blood samples (T1-T4) were collected 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after injection. Blood samples 6 to 11 (T5-T10) were collected 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after induction. In G1, the serum concentration of calcium had increased significantly at time points T1-T4, while in G2, the serum concentration of calcium had decreased si...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Periparturient Period on the Serum Concentrations of Inflammation Biomarkers in Goats

2 Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturien... more 2 Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on the inflammation biomarkers haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. For this purpose, during the periparturient period, blood samples from 15 goats were collected at 3 weeks before expected parturition (T0), within 12 hours of parturition (T1) and 3 weeks after parturition (T2). A control group, comprised of 10 non-pregnant non-lactating goats was sampled at parallel time points. The total white blood cell count did not differ significantly among the values at T0, T1 and T2 time points. Compared to a mean value of 0.87 ± 0.3 mg/dL at T0, the serum concentration of Hp increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 6.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL. The Hp serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 0.26 ± 0.12 mg/dL compared to T0 and T1.Compared to a mean value of 164 ± 31 ng/mL at T0, the serum concentration of SAA increased significantly a...

Research paper thumbnail of A review on biomarkers of bone metabolism in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of electro-ejaculator on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and bone metabolism biomarkers in male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electroejaculation (EEJ) on the serum concen... more This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electroejaculation (EEJ) on the serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp), and on the bone metabolism biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Twenty sexually mature apparently healthy male camels were assigned to EEJ. Parallel, 8 naturally mated male camels were enrolled as a control group. Three blood samples were collected from each camel: just before (T0), directly after (T1) and 24 h after (T2) EEJ or natural mating camels. The serum concentrations of the APPs and bone biomarkers were determined. The serum concentrations of SAA increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of Hp differed significantly. The serum concentrations of OC increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of b-ALP differed significantly among T0, T1 and T2. It is concluded that acute phase reaction, manifested by significant increases of SAA, had occurred in male camels as a result of EEJ. In addition, EEJ increased serum concentration of the bone formation biomarker OC.

Research paper thumbnail of Renal Cell Carcinoma in A Female Arabian Camel

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2017

This report describes the clinical, haematobiochemical, ultrasonographical and pathological findi... more This report describes the clinical, haematobiochemical, ultrasonographical and pathological findings in a female Arabian camel with renal cell carcinoma. The she camel had a history of weight loss, abdominal pain and red urine. Rectal palpation revealed an enlarged mass at the right kidney which distorted its normal conformation. Centrifugation of a urine sample yielded red sediment. Alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters included a decreased hematocrit per cent, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, total protein, albumin and globulin, and increased glucose, creatinine, sodium and potassium concentrations. Increase in the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were also detected. Ultrasonographically, a caudally protruded, large, irregular shaped, hypoechoic and cavitated mass involving the right renal parenchyma was monitored. However, the left kidney subjectively appeared normal. At necropsy, haemorrhagic, irregular shaped and cavitated tumour involving the right kidney was detected. The right kidney was mostly pelvic. Compared to a weight of 1.5 Kg of the left, the right kidney weighed 18 Kg. Histopathologically, renal cell carcinoma showing tubular differentiation with malignant epithelial lining and nuclear anaplasia was suggested. No metastasis was found in other organs.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonographic and postmortem findings in camels (Camelus dromedarius) with abdominal disorders

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Concentrations of Acute Phase Proteins and Bone Biomarkers in Female Dromedary Camels During The Periparturient Period

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2015

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period on the inflammation biomarkers haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. For this purpose, during the periparturient period, blood samples from 15 goats were collected at 3 weeks before expected parturition (T0), within 12 hours of parturition (T1) and 3 weeks after parturition (T2). A control group, comprised of 10 non-pregnant non-lactating goats was sampled at parallel time points. The total white blood cell count did not differ significantly among the values at T0, T1 and T2 time points. Compared to a mean value of 0.87 ± 0.3 mg/dL at T0, the serum concentration of Hp increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 6.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL. The Hp serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 0.26 ± 0.12 mg/dL compared to T0 and T1.Compared to a mean value of 164 ± 31 ng/mL at T0, the serum concentration of SAA increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 722 ± 44 ng/mL. The SAA serum concentration was then decreased significantly at T2 to a value of 40 ± 22 ng/mL compared to T0 and T1. Compared to a mean value of 254 ± 56 mg/L at T0, the plasma concentration of fibrinogen increased significantly at T1 to reach a mean value of 400 ± 52 mg/L. The plasma fibrinogen concentration then decreased at T2 to a value of 256 ± 43 mg/L that differed significantly from the value at T1. In the control group, none the measured inflammation biomarkers differed significantly among T0, T1 and T2 values. The results of this study showed that an acute-phase reaction was manifested by significant increases in Hp, SAA and fibrinogen, had occurred in the goats around the time of parturition.

Research paper thumbnail of Impotentia generandi in male dromedary camels: breeding soundness, haematology, biochemistry and testosterone level

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2014

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical findings, semen characteristics, and tes... more The objective of this study was to describe the clinical findings, semen characteristics, and testicular histopathology in male dromedary camels affected with impotentia generandi (IG). According to the history, 82.6% (38/46) of the cases were classified as primary-IG (P-IG; never been able to impregnate a female), whereas 17.4% (8/46) were classified as secondary-IG (S-IG; acquired infertility). Only one scrotal testis was observed in four cases, and no scrotal testis was observed in one case. Overall, testicular length, width, and depth were 6.46 AE 0.2, 3.41 AE 0.1, and 2.8 AE 0.08 cm, respectively. Within the PIG males, 42.2% of the testes were classified as small, 47.9% as normal, and 9.9% as large. Within the S-IG males, 0.0% of the testes were classified as small, 80% as normal, and 20% as large. Ejaculate volume, total sperm number in the ejaculate, and sperm motility, viability, and abnormal morphology were 4.4 AE 0.3 mL, 25.7 AE 1.0 Â 10 6 , 18.7 AE 3.1%, 25.2 AE 3.4%, and 46.6 AE 3.7%, respectively. Azoospermia was observed in 30.4% of the cases, asthenospermia was observed in the 25% of the cases, and necrospermia was observed in 10% of the cases. The proportion of abnormal sperm was between 20% and 50%, and between 60% and 94% in 56.2% and 34.4% of the cases, respectively. Hypospermatogenesis, arrested spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and testicular degeneration were the main histopathological findings. In conclusion, IG in male dromedary camels appears to be related mainly to testicular dysfunction, which alters semen quality and reduces fertility.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the digestive tract in young camel calves until the AGE of 100 days

Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 2020

This study was designed to obtain the normal imaging pictures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)... more This study was designed to obtain the normal imaging pictures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) including the gastric compartments and small and large intestines in camel calves until the age of first 100 days of life. The GIT was examined at day 1, day 20, day 40, day 80 and day 100 by ultrasound in 15 clinically healthy camel calves (from 1 day until 100 days of age) and the normal imaging patterns were recorded and analysed. The results of ultrasonography as well as the imaging of the gastric compartments and small and large intestines are summarised. Ultrasonography could be used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in order to detect GIT diseases in the camel calves.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy and Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Veterinary Medicine International

This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healt... more This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healthy camels as well as camels with some renal disorders. In the dromedary camel, the physiology of the kidney is of interest in view of the specialization of the camel to hot dry deserts and to prolonged periods without water. It plays an important role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal disorders. Examples of kidney affections in dromedary camels are renal capsular pigmentation, medullary hyperemia, subcapsular calcification, cortical and medullar discoloration, hemorrhage in renal pelvis, nephrolithiasis, and hydatidosis. Congestion, hemorrhage, hydronephrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, subacute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diffuse interstitial nephritis, focal interstitial nephritis, renal cyst, hyaline degeneration, renal amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis, pyelonephritis, hemosideros...

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the abdomen in healthy and diseased camels (Camelus dromedaries) – a review

Journal of Applied Animal Research

Although the diseases of the abdomen in camels (Camelus dromedaries) are frequent than those of o... more Although the diseases of the abdomen in camels (Camelus dromedaries) are frequent than those of other systems, various abdominal disorders are passed misdiagnosed or detected incidentally at postmortem examination. This may be because of the large abdominal circumference in camels, and the nature of subacute abdominal pain even in severe conditions. By abdominal ultrasonography, the veterinarian can scan the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, and small and large intestines and peritoneum in camels. Samples of peritoneal fluid can also be collected under ultrasound guidance. Sonography has been used recently in camels for scanning of the healthy organs as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of diseased ones. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography are pneumonia, pleurisy, splenic abscessation, hepatic disorders, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation and renal neoplasms. Of the abdominal disorders diagnosed by ultrasonography are intestinal obstruction, volvulus, intussusception, abdominal effusions, peritonitis, abdominal and pelvic abscessations, chronic enteritis due to paratuberculosis, and neoplasia. In such cases, ultrasonography supplements the clinical and laboratory examinations by providing additional information on abdominal disorders for diagnosis antemortem. This review article is written to describe the results of abdominal ultrasonography in healthy camels as well as in camels with some abdominal disorders.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonography of the liver in healthy and diseased camels (Camelus dromedaries)

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

In camels, hepatic diseases are relatively common and most of them are misdiagnosed as a cause of... more In camels, hepatic diseases are relatively common and most of them are misdiagnosed as a cause of illness because signs may be subtle. In addition, diagnostic laboratory methods are insufficient as hepatic enzymes can also be elevated in camels with cardiac or skeletal muscle damage. Examples of liver diseases in camels are hepatic lipidosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic necrosis, choleostasis, hyperplasia of biliary epithelium, hydatid cysts, glycogen deposition, cholangitis, cholangiohepatitis, calcified hydatid cyst and hepatic abscesses. When the liver is examined by ultrasonography, the clinician gets sufficient information about the size, position, echopatterns of the hepatic parenchyma, bile ducts and outlines of the hepatic blood vessels. Ultrasonography has been used previously in camels only for reproductive purposes. However, during the past decade, it has been used for scanning of the healthy organs as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of non-reproductive disorders. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography in camels are paratuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, abdominal and urinary disorders, thoracic diseases, renal tumors, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation, gastrointestinal tumors, chronic peritonitis and splenic abscessation. Ultrasoundguidance in biopsy of hepatic lesions and in portocentesis has also been reported in camels. This mini review article is written to shed light on ultrasonography of the liver and its blood vessels in healthy camels as well as finding in camels with hepatic disorders such as fatty infiltration of the liver, hepatic abscesses and calcification of the bile ducts.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of racing on serum concentrations of bone metabolism biomarkers in racing arabian camels

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Concentration of Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in Goats during the Transition Period

Veterinary Medicine International

Objective. During the transition period, the animal experiences a series of nutritional, physiolo... more Objective. During the transition period, the animal experiences a series of nutritional, physiological, and social changes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the periparturient period in goats on the serum concentrations of the bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Method. Blood samples were collected from fifteen female goats during the periparturient period 3 wk before expected parturition (T −3), within 12 h of parturition (T 0), and 3 wk after parturition (T +3). Results. Compared to a value of 77.67 ± 47.6 ng/mL at T −3, the serum concentrations of OC measured 51.91 ± 22.09 ng/mL at T 0 and 72.61 ± 35.21 ng/mL at T +3. A comparison of OC values at T −3, T 0, and T +3 did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05). Compared to a value of 42.00 ± 19.50 U/L at T −3, the serum concentration of b-ALP measured 32.49 ± 15.41 U/L at T 0 and 34.31 ± 18.89 U/L at T +3. A c...

Research paper thumbnail of Computed tomographic findings in a calf with actinomycosis: a case report

Veterinární Medicína

In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patien... more In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patient displayed a hard and immobile swelling in the mandible and fever. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the skull was performed under deep sedation and revealed an asymmetrical appearance of the mandible with the presence of intra-mandibular hypodense lesions. Haematologic and serum biochemical profiles revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Treatment consisted of flushing the lesion and administration of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The calf responded to therapy and had recovered almost completely four months later. The present case indicates that CT is an effective non-invasive means of identifying mandibular lesions in cattle.

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic peritonitis in dromedary camels: Clinical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings

Journal of Camel Practice and Research

Research paper thumbnail of DNA damage of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils in cattle with lymphosarcoma

Veterinární Medicína

The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mon... more The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in cows clinically affected with lymphosarcoma. Thirteen cows were studied. Of them, eight, that were referred because of inappetance, loss of body condition, diarrhoea, constipation, protrusion of third eyelid, and exophthalmia, were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) based on a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other animals were apparently healthy and were used as controls. DNA damage of PBMC and PMN was assessed using the Comet assay. The results obtained showed a statistically significant difference in DNA damage between the PBMC and PMN isolated from cows infected with BLV compared to PBMC and PMN isolated from healthy cows. This is the first article to document decreased apoptosis of blood PBMC and PMN in cattle in response to BLV infection using the Comet assay.