DR NORZITAH ABDUL KARIM - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by DR NORZITAH ABDUL KARIM
Information Management and Business Review, Nov 11, 2023
Islamic SRI has shown a flourishing expansion over the last three decades. This demonstrates that... more Islamic SRI has shown a flourishing expansion over the last three decades. This demonstrates that there will be a significant opportunity to enhance the Islamic SRI in the Islamic Finance sector. Islamic SRI is a type of investment that facilitates the creation of the ecosystem and promotes responsible investing. The study attempts to look at the factors affecting the intention to invest in Islamic SRI. The theoretical framework is built on the Theories of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Since the study focuses on the desire to engage in Islamic SRI, the theories are expanded to include three more antecedents: environmental and societal concern, knowledge, and religion. Due to the study's emphasis on Islamic SRI perspectives, these variables ought to be included. According to the multiple regression analysis, four components, namely attitude, subjective norm, environmental and social factors, were revealed to be positively significant on the intention to invest in Islamic SRI. The study employs quantitative research through an online survey questionnaire. The sampling technique for this study is non-probability sampling by applying the convenience sampling technique. Besides, the targeted population of this study is the potential private investors who reside in the states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, while the total sample size of the study is 380.
Environment-behaviour proceedings journal, Mar 10, 2024
As a result of its rapid rate of change, the takaful industry is now one of the most exciting ind... more As a result of its rapid rate of change, the takaful industry is now one of the most exciting industries in the digital era. Emerging technologies and innovations are now a means of streamlining and simplifying the current system. Blockchain technology has also piqued the industry's interest in innovations that enhance how takaful is traditionally assembled, purchased, and experienced. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the potential for implementing blockchain technology in claim processing in Malaysia's takaful industry, where innovation is believed to serve the takaful participants as the primary beneficiaries and the takaful operators to a greater height.
Information Management and Business Review
Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era... more Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era of digital transformation, as it is a crucial element in promoting persistent income inequality. The theory is that while financial development promotes economic growth, the mixed explanations of previous studies show that this does not always help low-income people in emerging economies. Moreover, the effects of globalization may reinforce motives and increase opportunities for international corrupt practices. It is, therefore, crucial to explore how corruption can be motivated by ineffective rules governing cross-border crimes and how technology can open up new avenues for corrupt behavior, for example by making it easier to find victims, accomplices and money. Profound socio-economic changes can also provide incentives and opportunities for corruption. This study examines how corruption and financial development affect the wealth gap in a developing country like Malaysia over the per...
Information Management and Business Review
This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive t... more This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive the service quality dimensions of their lecturers during Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study is unique because it is the first time UiTM implemented Open and Distance Learning (ODL) instead of the usual face-to-face learning, due to the Malaysian government’s instruction of Movement Control Order (MCO). The servqual model is used to calculate service quality dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, knowledge, and communication. Utilizing quantitative methodology, a survey questionnaire is used to collect data. The implication of this study for policymakers regarding the enhancement of ODL is to maximize student satisfaction by prioritizing essential dimensions. This study's findings can be utilized by ODL universities to enhance pedagogical dimension, management of atypical situations, academic service delivery, and quality, as well as to guide the i...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal
This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilis... more This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilise Sadaqa House, a digitalized Islamic crowdfunding platform. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework with four (4) independent variables, namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity, and one dependent variable, namely intention to use digitalized Islamic crowdfunding. BIMB clients in Selangor were sent an online questionnaire, Google Form, via several social media platforms. There was a total of 250 respondents collected. The findings revealed that subjective norm was the most influential factor in predicting consumer intention to use Sadaqa House BIMB. This was followed by an attitude indicating that supportive ideas from others, such as families, relatives, peers, and acquaintances, can influence the respondent's choice to utilise Sadaqa House. However, perceived behavioural control and religiosity hav...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyste... more Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (IJEEP) , 2023
Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyst... more Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO 2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO 2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991-2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO 2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO 2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage of economic depression will take only around 1 year and a month on CO 2 emissions. Thus, based on this novel finding, a comprehensive set of economic policies is required to ensure our economy is in good condition and hence suggested for maintaining the environmental quality.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyste... more Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, 2019
![Research paper thumbnail of The impact of financial crisis on the determinants of capital structure among Shariah constructions firms / Mohamad Nizam Jaafar … [et al.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89248449/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor: Puncak Alam Campus: Faculty of Business and Management, 2019
Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2019
The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of co... more The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of construction firms and to investigate whether the capital structure models derived from Western settings provide convincing explanations for capital structure decisions of the Malaysia firms. This study focuses on Shariah compliant construction companies since this industry has been contributing significantly towards Malaysia economic growth. In addition, this study also includes the impact of financial crisis towards firms’ capital structure decision. Panel data from 11 Shariah compliant construction companies in Malaysia were analyzed for duration of 17 years (2001-2017). Different conditional theories of capital structure are reviewed i.e. trade‐off theory, pecking order theory, agency theory, and theory of free cash flow, in order to formulate testable propositions concerning the determinants of capital structure of the construction firms. The dependent variable that being used is debt...
This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their ... more This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized development process and top management supports. Questionnaire was employed in this survey and takaful operators’ employees who involved in product development were selected such as actuaries, business development managers and their executives. Unexpectedly, several takaful operators withdrew from participating in the survey (it was last minute) – which is limitation in this study. Accordingly, it caused the use of non-parametric tests in this study since the data is not normally distributed. Spearman rank correlation shows that formalized development process is the significant factor that influenced the readiness of the takaful operators to integrate waqf in their products. However, the other two independent variables which are marketing supports and top man...
Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainabili... more Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainability of the financial system itself. One of the critical components of financial stability is the stability in the banking sectors, particularly for countries with dual banking system. The banking system is the most develop sectors in the financial sectors and thus the critical components of financial system for countries with dual banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need for a review of the current measures of bank stability. This paper aims to critically review the measures of bank stability in the selected countries with dual banking systems. This review includes the commonly used definition of bank stability, indicators used as a measure of bank stability. The review of bank stability measures is divided into principle-based measures and theoretical based measures. This review contributes to the literature by offering more details analysis on the determinants of bank stability, pa...
The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Mala... more The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Malaysia, for a period from 1999 to 2015. There are two methods of measuring bank stability that is using Z-score and CAMELS variables. After calculating, these variables are ranked, with the highest average is ranked as one, and the lowest average is ranked last, or fifty. This is following the method by (Roman and Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 703–712 Roman and Şargu 2013) and (Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1530–1545 Dincer et al. 2011) and extending it by introducing the average of total ranking for all variables. The empirical findings suggest that both local Islamic and conventional banks are ranked favourable in overall average bank stability score, sensitivity to market risk, asset quality, earning and profitability, but local conventional banks are recorded favourable ranking in liquidity. Comparing the two types of local banks, conventional banks are ranked b...
The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidenc... more The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidence on comparison of bank stability measures between Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Specifically, 77 commercial banks and 54 Islamic banks from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Egypt are considered focusing on the sample period of 1999-2015. The study adopts z-score as a measure of bank stability, while an independent two samples t-test with unequal variance was used to test the significance of the differences between the bank stability of the two banking models, namely Islamic and conventional banks. The sample period is further divided into three sub-periods, namely, before the global financial crisis (1999-2006), during the global financial crisis (2007-2009) and after the global financial crisis (2010-2015) so as to gain more detail findings on the impact of the global financial crisis on the banks’ stability. Findings of this study con...
iranian economic review, 2021
This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfactio... more This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfaction and their quality of life. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the beneficiaries of the CSR programs through the platform established by the bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad which is known as the Sadaqa House. Three key informants or key informants had been selected who represented their institutions and received assistance from the CSR programs. The interviews data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Findings showed that Sadaqa House as a platform that managing the CSR programs has managed to improve the quality of life and being sustainable. This study is constrained by a small sample of key informants however the saturation of information or data is achieved as per the objectives of the study. Moreover, the key informants who were selected were relevant and appropriate for the study. Hence, able to provide meaningful insights and achieve the objec...
ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2019
The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institu... more The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institution prior to crisis had indeed suffered many problems including liquidity during the crisis. Thus, there is confusion on the healthy financial institutions, leading to loss of confidence on the overall stability of the banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need to review the current measures of financial as well as banking stability. This paper aims to look at the definition of ‘stability’ used in the academic researches and by different regulatory bodies, like International Monetary Fund, Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) and central banks in selected countries with dual banking systems. It is then, critically review indicators used as measures of financial as well as banking stability. This review is hope to identify areas of strengths as well as weaknesses of the current measures of stability and serves as foundation for further research in future.
al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics, 2020
Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insuran... more Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The expe...
Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 2019
A robust and comprehensive measure of bank stability is crucial to identify healthy banks and sav... more A robust and comprehensive measure of bank stability is crucial to identify healthy banks and save troubled banks from deteriorating in order to avoid banking crises, hence prevented a systemic effect on the overall financial system of the country. The study aims to develop a comprehensive measure of bank stability for selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries with dual banking systems. The measure is in the form of a composite index, comprehensively adopts relevant indicators from the existing literatures based on annual data from 1999 to 2015, obtained from the Bankscope database. The factor analysis method used by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is adopted to develop the index. The findings reveal the comprehensive measure of bank stability for all bank models. The policy implication for the regulatory is to use similar measure of bank stability in monitoring and reporting the stability of different bank models.
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 2018
Information Management and Business Review, Nov 11, 2023
Islamic SRI has shown a flourishing expansion over the last three decades. This demonstrates that... more Islamic SRI has shown a flourishing expansion over the last three decades. This demonstrates that there will be a significant opportunity to enhance the Islamic SRI in the Islamic Finance sector. Islamic SRI is a type of investment that facilitates the creation of the ecosystem and promotes responsible investing. The study attempts to look at the factors affecting the intention to invest in Islamic SRI. The theoretical framework is built on the Theories of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Since the study focuses on the desire to engage in Islamic SRI, the theories are expanded to include three more antecedents: environmental and societal concern, knowledge, and religion. Due to the study's emphasis on Islamic SRI perspectives, these variables ought to be included. According to the multiple regression analysis, four components, namely attitude, subjective norm, environmental and social factors, were revealed to be positively significant on the intention to invest in Islamic SRI. The study employs quantitative research through an online survey questionnaire. The sampling technique for this study is non-probability sampling by applying the convenience sampling technique. Besides, the targeted population of this study is the potential private investors who reside in the states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, while the total sample size of the study is 380.
Environment-behaviour proceedings journal, Mar 10, 2024
As a result of its rapid rate of change, the takaful industry is now one of the most exciting ind... more As a result of its rapid rate of change, the takaful industry is now one of the most exciting industries in the digital era. Emerging technologies and innovations are now a means of streamlining and simplifying the current system. Blockchain technology has also piqued the industry's interest in innovations that enhance how takaful is traditionally assembled, purchased, and experienced. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the potential for implementing blockchain technology in claim processing in Malaysia's takaful industry, where innovation is believed to serve the takaful participants as the primary beneficiaries and the takaful operators to a greater height.
Information Management and Business Review
Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era... more Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era of digital transformation, as it is a crucial element in promoting persistent income inequality. The theory is that while financial development promotes economic growth, the mixed explanations of previous studies show that this does not always help low-income people in emerging economies. Moreover, the effects of globalization may reinforce motives and increase opportunities for international corrupt practices. It is, therefore, crucial to explore how corruption can be motivated by ineffective rules governing cross-border crimes and how technology can open up new avenues for corrupt behavior, for example by making it easier to find victims, accomplices and money. Profound socio-economic changes can also provide incentives and opportunities for corruption. This study examines how corruption and financial development affect the wealth gap in a developing country like Malaysia over the per...
Information Management and Business Review
This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive t... more This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive the service quality dimensions of their lecturers during Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study is unique because it is the first time UiTM implemented Open and Distance Learning (ODL) instead of the usual face-to-face learning, due to the Malaysian government’s instruction of Movement Control Order (MCO). The servqual model is used to calculate service quality dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, knowledge, and communication. Utilizing quantitative methodology, a survey questionnaire is used to collect data. The implication of this study for policymakers regarding the enhancement of ODL is to maximize student satisfaction by prioritizing essential dimensions. This study's findings can be utilized by ODL universities to enhance pedagogical dimension, management of atypical situations, academic service delivery, and quality, as well as to guide the i...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal
This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilis... more This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilise Sadaqa House, a digitalized Islamic crowdfunding platform. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework with four (4) independent variables, namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity, and one dependent variable, namely intention to use digitalized Islamic crowdfunding. BIMB clients in Selangor were sent an online questionnaire, Google Form, via several social media platforms. There was a total of 250 respondents collected. The findings revealed that subjective norm was the most influential factor in predicting consumer intention to use Sadaqa House BIMB. This was followed by an attitude indicating that supportive ideas from others, such as families, relatives, peers, and acquaintances, can influence the respondent's choice to utilise Sadaqa House. However, perceived behavioural control and religiosity hav...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyste... more Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (IJEEP) , 2023
Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyst... more Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO 2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO 2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991-2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO 2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO 2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage of economic depression will take only around 1 year and a month on CO 2 emissions. Thus, based on this novel finding, a comprehensive set of economic policies is required to ensure our economy is in good condition and hence suggested for maintaining the environmental quality.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosyste... more Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, 2019
Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor: Puncak Alam Campus: Faculty of Business and Management, 2019
Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2019
The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of co... more The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of construction firms and to investigate whether the capital structure models derived from Western settings provide convincing explanations for capital structure decisions of the Malaysia firms. This study focuses on Shariah compliant construction companies since this industry has been contributing significantly towards Malaysia economic growth. In addition, this study also includes the impact of financial crisis towards firms’ capital structure decision. Panel data from 11 Shariah compliant construction companies in Malaysia were analyzed for duration of 17 years (2001-2017). Different conditional theories of capital structure are reviewed i.e. trade‐off theory, pecking order theory, agency theory, and theory of free cash flow, in order to formulate testable propositions concerning the determinants of capital structure of the construction firms. The dependent variable that being used is debt...
This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their ... more This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized development process and top management supports. Questionnaire was employed in this survey and takaful operators’ employees who involved in product development were selected such as actuaries, business development managers and their executives. Unexpectedly, several takaful operators withdrew from participating in the survey (it was last minute) – which is limitation in this study. Accordingly, it caused the use of non-parametric tests in this study since the data is not normally distributed. Spearman rank correlation shows that formalized development process is the significant factor that influenced the readiness of the takaful operators to integrate waqf in their products. However, the other two independent variables which are marketing supports and top man...
Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainabili... more Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainability of the financial system itself. One of the critical components of financial stability is the stability in the banking sectors, particularly for countries with dual banking system. The banking system is the most develop sectors in the financial sectors and thus the critical components of financial system for countries with dual banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need for a review of the current measures of bank stability. This paper aims to critically review the measures of bank stability in the selected countries with dual banking systems. This review includes the commonly used definition of bank stability, indicators used as a measure of bank stability. The review of bank stability measures is divided into principle-based measures and theoretical based measures. This review contributes to the literature by offering more details analysis on the determinants of bank stability, pa...
The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Mala... more The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Malaysia, for a period from 1999 to 2015. There are two methods of measuring bank stability that is using Z-score and CAMELS variables. After calculating, these variables are ranked, with the highest average is ranked as one, and the lowest average is ranked last, or fifty. This is following the method by (Roman and Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 703–712 Roman and Şargu 2013) and (Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1530–1545 Dincer et al. 2011) and extending it by introducing the average of total ranking for all variables. The empirical findings suggest that both local Islamic and conventional banks are ranked favourable in overall average bank stability score, sensitivity to market risk, asset quality, earning and profitability, but local conventional banks are recorded favourable ranking in liquidity. Comparing the two types of local banks, conventional banks are ranked b...
The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidenc... more The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidence on comparison of bank stability measures between Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Specifically, 77 commercial banks and 54 Islamic banks from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Egypt are considered focusing on the sample period of 1999-2015. The study adopts z-score as a measure of bank stability, while an independent two samples t-test with unequal variance was used to test the significance of the differences between the bank stability of the two banking models, namely Islamic and conventional banks. The sample period is further divided into three sub-periods, namely, before the global financial crisis (1999-2006), during the global financial crisis (2007-2009) and after the global financial crisis (2010-2015) so as to gain more detail findings on the impact of the global financial crisis on the banks’ stability. Findings of this study con...
iranian economic review, 2021
This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfactio... more This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfaction and their quality of life. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the beneficiaries of the CSR programs through the platform established by the bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad which is known as the Sadaqa House. Three key informants or key informants had been selected who represented their institutions and received assistance from the CSR programs. The interviews data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Findings showed that Sadaqa House as a platform that managing the CSR programs has managed to improve the quality of life and being sustainable. This study is constrained by a small sample of key informants however the saturation of information or data is achieved as per the objectives of the study. Moreover, the key informants who were selected were relevant and appropriate for the study. Hence, able to provide meaningful insights and achieve the objec...
ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2019
The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institu... more The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institution prior to crisis had indeed suffered many problems including liquidity during the crisis. Thus, there is confusion on the healthy financial institutions, leading to loss of confidence on the overall stability of the banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need to review the current measures of financial as well as banking stability. This paper aims to look at the definition of ‘stability’ used in the academic researches and by different regulatory bodies, like International Monetary Fund, Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) and central banks in selected countries with dual banking systems. It is then, critically review indicators used as measures of financial as well as banking stability. This review is hope to identify areas of strengths as well as weaknesses of the current measures of stability and serves as foundation for further research in future.
al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics, 2020
Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insuran... more Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The expe...
Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 2019
A robust and comprehensive measure of bank stability is crucial to identify healthy banks and sav... more A robust and comprehensive measure of bank stability is crucial to identify healthy banks and save troubled banks from deteriorating in order to avoid banking crises, hence prevented a systemic effect on the overall financial system of the country. The study aims to develop a comprehensive measure of bank stability for selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries with dual banking systems. The measure is in the form of a composite index, comprehensively adopts relevant indicators from the existing literatures based on annual data from 1999 to 2015, obtained from the Bankscope database. The factor analysis method used by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is adopted to develop the index. The findings reveal the comprehensive measure of bank stability for all bank models. The policy implication for the regulatory is to use similar measure of bank stability in monitoring and reporting the stability of different bank models.
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 2018