Damien Granger - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Damien Granger

Revue des sciences de l'eau, 2015

Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 2015

ABSTRACT

L'une des questions centrales de la gestion de l'assainissement dans la ville de demain concerner... more L'une des questions centrales de la gestion de l'assainissement dans la ville de demain concernera la mesure objective du niveau de service réellement rendu aux usagers. Le développement rapide de systèmes alternatifs, collectifs ou non, aussi bien pour les eaux usées que pour les eaux pluviales, venant cohabiter avec les systèmes traditionnels, rend cette évolution nécessaire. De plus, le système d'assainissement doit répondre à des enjeux de plus en plus diversifiés. Le système devient de plus en plus compliqué et son pilotage de moins en moins clair. Prendre en compte les conséquences locales des moyens mis en oeuvre en terme de service rendu devient une étape nécessaire et obligatoire dans la prise de décisions durables. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une méthodologie permettant de soutenir une stratégie de gestion durable du système d'assainissement, basée sur une logique de pilotage de la performance par des objectifs de résultats définis localement. Cette méthodologie est actuellement appliquée sur le SIVOM (Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Multiple) de l'agglomération Mulhousienne, en partenariat avec l'INSA de Lyon, la Société Lyonnaise des Eaux et les différents acteurs locaux (associations, autorités, Agence de l'Eau, etc.). MOTS-CLÉS aide à la décision, gestion intégrée, indicateurs, méthodologie, système d'assainissement, service.

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

Flood protection is one of the traditional functions of any drainage system, and it remains a maj... more Flood protection is one of the traditional functions of any drainage system, and it remains a major issue in many cities because of economic and health impact. Heavy rain flooding has been well studied and existing simulation software can be used to predict and improve level of protection. However, simulating minor flooding remains highly complex, due to the numerous possible causes related to operational deficiencies or negligent behaviour. According to the literature, causes of blockages vary widely from one case to another: it is impossible to provide utility managers with effective recommendations on how to improve the level of protection. It is therefore vital to analyse each context in order to define an appropriate strategy. Here we propose a method to represent and assess the flooding risk, using GIS and data gathered during operation and maintenance. Our method also identifies potential management responses. The approach proposed aims to provide decision makers with clear and comprehensible information. Our method has been successfully applied to the Urban Community of Bordeaux (France) on 4895 interventions related to flooding recorded during the 2009-2011 period. Results have shown the relative importance of different issues, such as human behaviour (grease, etc.) or operational deficiencies (roots, etc.), and lead to identify corrective and proactive. This study also confirms that blockages are not always directly due to the network itself and its deterioration. Many causes depend on environmental and operating conditions on the network and often require collaboration between municipal departments in charge of roads, green spaces, etc.

Water Science & Technology, 2011

Sustainable water management is a global challenge for the 21st century. One key aspect remains p... more Sustainable water management is a global challenge for the 21st century. One key aspect remains protection against urban flooding. The main objective is to ensure or maintain an adequate level of service for all inhabitants. However, level of service is still difficult to assess and the high-risk locations difficult to identify. In this article, we propose a methodology, which (i) allows water managers to measure the service provided by the urban drainage system with regard to protection against urban flooding; and (ii) helps stakeholders to determine effective strategies for improving the service provided. One key aspect of this work is to use a database of sewer flood event records to assess flood risk. Our methodology helps urban water managers to assess the risk of sewer flooding; this approach does not seek to predict flooding but rather to inform decision makers on the current level of risk and on actions which need to be taken to reduce the risk. This work is based on a comprehensive definition of risk, including territorial vulnerability and perceptions of urban water stakeholders. This paper presents the results and the methodological contributions from implementing the methodology on two case studies: the cities of Lyon and Mulhouse.

Urban Water Journal, 2014

In the context of new challenges and emerging needs for transparency regarding users, urban water... more In the context of new challenges and emerging needs for transparency regarding users, urban water management is obliged to forge links between different technical fields. This implies managing interfaces between multiple stakeholders on the one hand, and ensuring the adaptability and sustainability of technical infrastructures on the other hand. In a period dominated by public spending cuts, the optimisation and efficiency of the system's infrastructures and the organisation of the stakeholders involved has become important for guaranteeing the continuity of the services provided. From the economic viewpoint, this challenge is related to tracking and reducing costs. Moreover, it also concerns the need to communicate arguments related to service costs to both users and stakeholders. Consequently, the "Eco-EAR" method was developed by adapting Functional Analysis (FA), Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Whole Life Costing (WLC) approaches in view to describing how the direct costs of the sewerage service provided by wastewater utilities are structured. The cost structure is analysed according to the activities and physical flows comprising the primary and secondary functions of an urban water management system. Three goals are targeted: i) to explain the costs of the system to the local authority (owners) and users; ii) to identify the activities that have the greatest impact on costs in order to plan cost reduction actions; and iii) to assess the apportionment of costs per activity and per physical flow, in order to better understand the system by combining both its economic and technical dimensions. The performance indicators proposed by the "Eco-EAR" method could also be used for benchmarking. The method is implemented in a real case study: the sub-system territory around the city of Mulhouse (northeast France) under the responsibility of a water management authority.

Revue des sciences de l'eau, 2015

Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 2015

ABSTRACT

L'une des questions centrales de la gestion de l'assainissement dans la ville de demain concerner... more L'une des questions centrales de la gestion de l'assainissement dans la ville de demain concernera la mesure objective du niveau de service réellement rendu aux usagers. Le développement rapide de systèmes alternatifs, collectifs ou non, aussi bien pour les eaux usées que pour les eaux pluviales, venant cohabiter avec les systèmes traditionnels, rend cette évolution nécessaire. De plus, le système d'assainissement doit répondre à des enjeux de plus en plus diversifiés. Le système devient de plus en plus compliqué et son pilotage de moins en moins clair. Prendre en compte les conséquences locales des moyens mis en oeuvre en terme de service rendu devient une étape nécessaire et obligatoire dans la prise de décisions durables. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une méthodologie permettant de soutenir une stratégie de gestion durable du système d'assainissement, basée sur une logique de pilotage de la performance par des objectifs de résultats définis localement. Cette méthodologie est actuellement appliquée sur le SIVOM (Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Multiple) de l'agglomération Mulhousienne, en partenariat avec l'INSA de Lyon, la Société Lyonnaise des Eaux et les différents acteurs locaux (associations, autorités, Agence de l'Eau, etc.). MOTS-CLÉS aide à la décision, gestion intégrée, indicateurs, méthodologie, système d'assainissement, service.

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

Flood protection is one of the traditional functions of any drainage system, and it remains a maj... more Flood protection is one of the traditional functions of any drainage system, and it remains a major issue in many cities because of economic and health impact. Heavy rain flooding has been well studied and existing simulation software can be used to predict and improve level of protection. However, simulating minor flooding remains highly complex, due to the numerous possible causes related to operational deficiencies or negligent behaviour. According to the literature, causes of blockages vary widely from one case to another: it is impossible to provide utility managers with effective recommendations on how to improve the level of protection. It is therefore vital to analyse each context in order to define an appropriate strategy. Here we propose a method to represent and assess the flooding risk, using GIS and data gathered during operation and maintenance. Our method also identifies potential management responses. The approach proposed aims to provide decision makers with clear and comprehensible information. Our method has been successfully applied to the Urban Community of Bordeaux (France) on 4895 interventions related to flooding recorded during the 2009-2011 period. Results have shown the relative importance of different issues, such as human behaviour (grease, etc.) or operational deficiencies (roots, etc.), and lead to identify corrective and proactive. This study also confirms that blockages are not always directly due to the network itself and its deterioration. Many causes depend on environmental and operating conditions on the network and often require collaboration between municipal departments in charge of roads, green spaces, etc.

Water Science & Technology, 2011

Sustainable water management is a global challenge for the 21st century. One key aspect remains p... more Sustainable water management is a global challenge for the 21st century. One key aspect remains protection against urban flooding. The main objective is to ensure or maintain an adequate level of service for all inhabitants. However, level of service is still difficult to assess and the high-risk locations difficult to identify. In this article, we propose a methodology, which (i) allows water managers to measure the service provided by the urban drainage system with regard to protection against urban flooding; and (ii) helps stakeholders to determine effective strategies for improving the service provided. One key aspect of this work is to use a database of sewer flood event records to assess flood risk. Our methodology helps urban water managers to assess the risk of sewer flooding; this approach does not seek to predict flooding but rather to inform decision makers on the current level of risk and on actions which need to be taken to reduce the risk. This work is based on a comprehensive definition of risk, including territorial vulnerability and perceptions of urban water stakeholders. This paper presents the results and the methodological contributions from implementing the methodology on two case studies: the cities of Lyon and Mulhouse.

Urban Water Journal, 2014

In the context of new challenges and emerging needs for transparency regarding users, urban water... more In the context of new challenges and emerging needs for transparency regarding users, urban water management is obliged to forge links between different technical fields. This implies managing interfaces between multiple stakeholders on the one hand, and ensuring the adaptability and sustainability of technical infrastructures on the other hand. In a period dominated by public spending cuts, the optimisation and efficiency of the system's infrastructures and the organisation of the stakeholders involved has become important for guaranteeing the continuity of the services provided. From the economic viewpoint, this challenge is related to tracking and reducing costs. Moreover, it also concerns the need to communicate arguments related to service costs to both users and stakeholders. Consequently, the "Eco-EAR" method was developed by adapting Functional Analysis (FA), Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Whole Life Costing (WLC) approaches in view to describing how the direct costs of the sewerage service provided by wastewater utilities are structured. The cost structure is analysed according to the activities and physical flows comprising the primary and secondary functions of an urban water management system. Three goals are targeted: i) to explain the costs of the system to the local authority (owners) and users; ii) to identify the activities that have the greatest impact on costs in order to plan cost reduction actions; and iii) to assess the apportionment of costs per activity and per physical flow, in order to better understand the system by combining both its economic and technical dimensions. The performance indicators proposed by the "Eco-EAR" method could also be used for benchmarking. The method is implemented in a real case study: the sub-system territory around the city of Mulhouse (northeast France) under the responsibility of a water management authority.