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Papers by Daniel Avazi

Journal of Research in Veterinary Sciences, 2024

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Sep 1, 2020

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the depth of insertion and envir... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the depth of insertion and environmental parameters on the rectal temperature (RT) in donkeys during the hot-dry season in a tropical savannah zone of Nigeria. The experimental subjects were comprised of thirty donkeys divided into three groups based on age: group I, 10 foals (40.67 ± 2.20 kg; 1.50 ± 0.02 months); group II, 10 yearlings (91.53 ± 0.54 kg; 1.51 ± 0.01 years); and group III, 10 adults (140 ± 0.71 kg; 8.03 ± 0.06 years). Each group was divided into 5 male and 5 female donkeys. Measurements of the RT were recorded with a digital thermometer probe (model HI935007, Hanna Instruments), which was inserted into the rectum at varying depths of 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 cm in the same animal in each group. There was a gradual increase in the RT in donkeys as the depth of insertion was increased from 3.5 cm (36.60 C) to 14 cm (38.40 C). Data obtained from the study were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test to compare mean values between different depths of RT measurements. Overall, there was a variation in the RT by the depth of insertion with the shallow depth of 3.5 cm having a lower RT than the depths of 7, 10.5, and 14 cm. The variation of the RT observed in donkeys showed that there is need to standardize the probe-insertion depth in veterinary clinical practice for accurate measurement of the RT in donkeys in the Northern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria.

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Feb 5, 2019

Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim ... more Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs. A total of 109 samples obtained from different breeds of dogs were used for this study. The degrees/grades of dehydration of each dog were recorded and the dogs were grouped as follows based on their degrees of dehydration: A; euhydrated, B; mildly dehydrated, C; moderately dehydrated and D; severely dehydrated. Whole blood was collected via cephalic venipuncture for complete blood counts. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using serum prepared from whole blood. Urinalysis was done using fresh urine sample. Significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (P < 0.05) due to dehydration was observed in B, while significantly lower PCV and Hb (P > 0.05) were reported in C and D. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in B, C, D compared to A. However, the concentrations of glucose, calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate and anion gap and the activities of liver enzymes were comparable (P > 0.05). It was concluded from this study that: the relative increases in PCV and Hb concentration observed in B was due to haemoconcentration (dehydration), the reported anaemia in C and D were in existence with certain degrees of dehydration and that the increases in serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were consistent biochemical indicators of dehydration in dogs.

Comparative Clinical Pathology

Systemic infammatory response to surgical interventions has been characterized by an orchestrated... more Systemic infammatory response to surgical interventions has been characterized by an orchestrated interplay of endogenous mediatory cytokines and haematologic alterations. The study was carried out to determine the changes in plasma levels of pro-infammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-infammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in relation to haematological alterations in response to colo-peritoneo-cystoplasty in dogs. Haematological and plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were profled in four apparently healthy dogs, following the colo-peritoneo-cystoplastic procedure. Mean packed cell volume (PCV) signifcantly (P<0.05) decreased from the pre-surgical 45.84±3.67 to a lowest value (33.50±2.53%) on day 7 post-surgery. Mean total leukocyte count (TLC) signifcantly (P<0.05) increased from the pre-surgical value (9.85±1.02× 109 /L) to a peak level (14.20±2.77× 109 /L) on day 7 post-surgery. Mean neutrophil count signifcantly (P<0.05) increased from the pre-surgical value of 6.63±0.79 to a peak day 7 post-surgical value (10.00±2.39× 109 /L. Mean lymphocyte count rose from 3.59±0.31 to day 4 post-surgical value of 4.42±0.82× 109 /L. Changes in mean eosinophil and monocyte counts were not signifcant (P>0.05). Mean plasma IL-6 concentration signifcantly (P<0.05) increased from 7639.45±146.81 (presurgical) to 7916.62±32.97 pg/mL on day 4 post-surgery. The pre-surgical mean IL-10 concentration was 93.95±17.18 pg/ mL. It remained relatively unchanged post-surgery until on day 9 when it suddenly surged to 449.70±125.79 pg/mL. The mean concentration of the IL-10 slightly decreased and fuctuates until day 35 when another peak rise (457.20±95.78 pg/ mL) was observed. It was observed that changes in plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 positively correlated with the leukocytic changes, which suggest presence of a regulatory interplay of IL-6, IL-10 and leukocytic changes in wound healing infammatory response to the colo-peritoneo-cystoplasty in dogs.

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2021

Cystosonography and cystography are among the appropriate imaging modalities employed in studying... more Cystosonography and cystography are among the appropriate imaging modalities employed in studying the morphological integrity of the urinary bladder in animals. Evaluation of the urinary bladder architecture following autologous composite colo-peritoneal pedicle grafts in the surgical repair of experimental urinary bladder defects was carried out in two dogs. The dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder served as the recipient site, while the seromuscular colonic pedicle flap of the descending colon along with free peritoneal sheath formed a composite tissue (donor tissue). Predetermined 2 cm x 4 cm dimension of urinary bladder defect was created on the dorsum of the urinary bladder and was patched with harvested 3 cm x 5 cm composite colo-peritoneal pedicle flap. All operations were aseptically and humanely conducted. The gross anatomical evaluation of the urinary bladder architecture was performed by ultrasonography and contrast radiography of the repaired urinary bladder. Post-surgic...

Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome (AIDS), and hereditary conditions such as Chromosomal Breaka... more Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome (AIDS), and hereditary conditions such as Chromosomal Breakage Syndromes (CBSs), and B-cell and T-cell combined disorders (partial insuffi ciencies of T cell function) [5].

Immunochemistry involves the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of the imm... more Immunochemistry involves the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of the immune system with specificity on the nature of antibodies, antigens and their interactions. Immunochemistry also entails the use of antibodies in the labeling of epitopes of interest in cells (immunocytochemistry) or tissues (immunohistochemistry). This technique has application in the diagnosis as well as in the prognosis of diseases and tumors through the development of locus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Also, immunochemistry has prognostic applications in tumors and this has paved way for the implementation of preventive measures against these tumors development. In addition, disease diagnoses have undergone improvement through the use of immunochemistry the evolution of diagnostic markers is significantly changing the clinical practices of the surgical pathologists.

Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020

A one-year-old male Terrier dog weighing 22 kg was presented to the Ahmadu Bello University Veter... more A one-year-old male Terrier dog weighing 22 kg was presented to the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH), Zaria, Nigeria, with complaints of sloughing of the skin and purulent discharges from an injured (sloughed) shoulder. Clinical examination revealed normal vital parameters, extensive necrotized skin on the dorsum extending from loin to the right shoulder and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Blood and wound swab samples were evaluated in the clinical haematology and Microbiology Laboratories of the ABUVTH, respectively. The Pathology result showed leucocytosis due to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the wound swab. The wound was managed by wet-to-dry bandaging technique using topical antiseptics (Para-chloroaniline solution, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine), improvised non-adhesive protective membrane (polyethylene) applied at the wound-bandage interface, bandages along with adhesive tape and systemic antibiotics. H...

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2020

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2018

Factors that contribute to water loss in tropical animals are complex and constantly changing. To... more Factors that contribute to water loss in tropical animals are complex and constantly changing. To evaluate the haematobiochemical parameters of dogs with haemorrhage-induced dehydration. A total of 12 dogs were used; haemorrhage was induced by daily removal of 10 ml of blood over a period of 28 days and analysed at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U.), Zaria, Nigeria. Dehydration was clinically assessed. Age, sex, body weight and generalised body condition of the animals were determined. Whole blood was collected for determination of haematological parameters. Serum was prepared from whole blood to determine the concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of liver enzymes. Reductions in body weight (1.67 kg, 2.17 kg and 3.17 kg) due to degrees of dehydration were observed on days 14, 21 and 28. Significantly higher values of packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.01) due to dehydration was observed between days 0 and 14, also between days 0 and 28. Higher concentrations of urea, creatinine (P < 0.01), BUN/creatinine, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity (P < 0.05) were observed between day 0 and days 14, 21 and 28. This study is the first to report the haemato-biochemical changes of Nigerian local dogs with haemorrhage-induced dehydration. The study did not investigate the role of type of diet on dehydration, and it is recommended that future studies should be carried out to elucidate this.

Cytokine, 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the time-course of serum and wound fluids interleukin (IL... more The aim of the study was to investigate the time-course of serum and wound fluids interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels in dogs with cutaneous wounds and their relationship with some haematologic parameters. The experimental group comprised of six adult dogs that underwent surgery with wounds (n = 6) on the mid lateral aspect of the right antebrachium; and control group of six, apparently, healthy intact (free from cutaneous wounds) adult dogs, comprising equal number of both sexes. Vital signs evaluated were within normal limits. Samples of blood, serum and wound fluids harvested pre-and at 12 h, 36 h, 60 h, 156 h and 324 h post-injury, were utilised for IL-6 and IL-8 assay and haematology. Peak concentrations of IL-6 in wound fluid (1.33. ± 0.33 ng/mL) and serum (0.82 ± 0.24 ng/mL) of the experimental group at 12 h post-operation were higher (P < 0.01) than the control (0.30 ± 0.05 ng/mL). Concentrations of IL-8 at 12 h and 60 h in wound fluid (0.21 ± 0.05 ng/mL and 0.22 ± 0.11 ng/mL) respectively were lower (P < 0.05) than serum (0.71 ± 0.21 ng/mL and 0.73 ± 0.24 ng/mL) respectively in the experimental group and corresponding values recorded in controls (0.34 ± 0.09 ng/mL and 0.36 ± 0.14 ng/mL). The haematological and biochemical parameters exhibited minimum fluctuations, but values were within normal ranges. Significant correlations were obtained between serum and wound fluid IL-6 (r = 0.827, P < 0.05); wound fluid IL-6 and monocyte count (r = 0.818, P < 0.04); wound fluid IL-6 and haematocrit (r = −0.894, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum IL-8 and serum IL-6 (r = 0.622, P > 0.05) and serum IL-8 and wound fluid IL-8 (r = 0.718, P > 0.05) in the experimental group. In conclusion, IL-6 and IL-8 exerted modulated inflammatory processes following cutaneous wounds in dogs. Further studies are required to investigate the expression patterns of IL-6 and IL-8 in cutaneous wounds in order to improve the quality of management of cutaneous wounds.

Acta veterinaria, 2006

The effect of zeolite clinoptilolite (CLIN) on some metabolic parameters in blood serum and haema... more The effect of zeolite clinoptilolite (CLIN) on some metabolic parameters in blood serum and haematological values in weaned piglets fed with increased levels of zearalenone (ZEN) was investigated over a 14-day period. The research involved four groups of weaned piglets aged 40 to 54 days. All groups were fed on fodder mixture for growing pigs containing 20% crude protein and 12.57 MJ ME/kg. The first control group (C1) received a concentrate mixture without added ZEN or mycotoxin adsorbent Min-a-Zel Plus ®. The second control group (C2) was fed on fodder mixture containing 0.2% of modified clinoptilolite (Min-a-Zel Plus ® ; levels of zearalenone <5.1 ng/g). Piglets in the experimental group (E1) were fed on fodder mixture containing added zeralenone (3 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich Co) and 0.2% of Min-a-Zel Plus ® preparation. The second experimental group (E2) was fed on fodder mixture to which 3 mg/kg of zearalenone was added, but with no addition of Min-a-Zel Plus ®. Oestrogenic effect of ZEN was evident in the sinergistic action with insulin which was manifested in an increased total protein level, lower level of glucose, triacylglycerols, serum iron, a higer level of cholesterol and higher aminotransaminase activity. The metabolic antioestrogen effect of ZEN was established in group E2, whereas group E1 manifested the agonistic effect due to oestrogen reduction by clinoptilolite.

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2018

Daily rhythmicity of behavioral responses in donkeys of different age groups during the cold-dry ... more Daily rhythmicity of behavioral responses in donkeys of different age groups during the cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry season in a tropical savannah