Daniel Kline - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Daniel Kline
Additional file 1. Multivariable analysis of impact of CRDs on indoor host-seeking of mosquitoes.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2004
Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, C... more Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, Connecticut. More Cx. pipiens were captured in Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps baited with CO(2), quail/hamster traps, and mosquito magnet experimental (MMX) traps placed in the tree canopy than in similar traps placed near the ground. Significantly more Cx. pipiens were captured in MMX traps placed in the canopy than in the other traps tested. Ninety-two percent and 85% of the 206 and 68 WNV isolations were from Cx. pipiens in 2002 and 2003, respectively; 5% and 12% were from Cx. salinarius. Eighty-five percent and 87% of the isolates were from mosquitoes captured in the canopy in each of the two years. The significantly larger numbers of WNV isolates from Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy are attributed to the significantly larger numbers of Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy in comparison to those captured in traps near the ground.
Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Volume II, 2007
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2007
Field studies were conducted at wooded wetlands in Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., to assess responses o... more Field studies were conducted at wooded wetlands in Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., to assess responses of natural populations of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to American Biophysics MM-X ™ and Coleman MD-2500 ™ traps baited with enantiomers of 1-octen-3-ol, a naturally occurring compound, and 1-octyn-3-ol, a closely related synthetic compound. Overall, the same species of mosquitoes were attracted by all enantiomers, although the (R)-(+) isomer of octenol generally attracted more species, and it is the isomer produced in greatest proportion in nature. Traps baited with the R-enantiomer caught greater numbers of mosquitoes than those baited with the S-enantiomer of each compound, whereas traps baited with S-enantiomers were equally or slightly less attractive than those baited with carbon dioxide only.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Mosquitoes continue to be a major threat to global health, and the ability to reliably monitor, c... more Mosquitoes continue to be a major threat to global health, and the ability to reliably monitor, catch, and kill mosquitoes via passive traps is of great importance. Global, low-cost, and easy-to-use outdoor devices are needed to augment existing efforts in mosquito control that combat the spread of disease, such as Zika. Thus, we have developed a modular, portable, non-powered (passive), self-contained, and field-deployable device suitable for releasing volatiles with a wide range of applications such as attracting, repelling, and killing mosquitoes. This unique device relies on a novel nested wick and two-reservoir design that achieves a constant release of volatiles over several hundred hours. Devices loaded with one of either two compounds, geraniol or 1-methylpiperazine (MP), were tested in a controlled environment (32 °C and 70% relative humidity), and both compounds achieved a constant release from our devices at a rate of 2.4 mg/h and 47 mg/h, respectively. The liquid payload...
![Research paper thumbnail of {"__content__"=>"A comparison of the Nzi, Horse Pal and Bite-Lite H-traps and selected baits for the collection of adult Tabanidae in Florida and North Carolina.", "sup"=>[{"__content__"=>"®"}, {"__content__"=>"®"}]}](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73730523/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, Jun 1, 2018
Despite the veterinary and medical importance of horse flies, deer flies, and yellow flies, only ... more Despite the veterinary and medical importance of horse flies, deer flies, and yellow flies, only a few trap types have been evaluated to monitor adult population dynamics. Currently, three trap types are being utilized (H-trap, Horse Pal® (HP), and Nzi trap), but no head-to-head comparisons have been reported. Thus, we conducted comparative trapping studies in Florida and North Carolina. At two study sites in Florida, the efficacy of all three trap types was compared, but only the H-trap and HP were compared in North Carolina. Although trap type was significant at all sites, the trap type which caught the most specimens was not the same. In Florida at the Lower Suwannee Wildlife Refuge (LSWR) site, the H-trap caught the most specimens (2,006), followed in decreasing order by Nzi (938) and HP (541). At the Cedar Ridge Ranch site, the Nzi caught significantly more specimens (1,439) than the H-trap (215) and HP (161), which were not significantly different from each other. In North Car...
Malaria Journal
Background: The emergence of mosquitoes that can avoid indoor-deployed interventions, such as tre... more Background: The emergence of mosquitoes that can avoid indoor-deployed interventions, such as treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, threatens the mainstay of malaria control in Zambia. Furthermore, the requirement for high coverage of these tools poses operational challenges. Spatial repellents are being assessed to supplement these vector control tools, but limitations exist in the residual effect of the repellent and the need for external power or heat for diffusion of the volatiles. Methods: A semi-field evaluation of a novel controlled release spatial repellent device (CRD) was conducted in Macha, Zambia. These devices emanate metofluthrin with no need for external power. Devices were deployed in huts within the semi-field system (SFS). Female Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto released within the SFS were trapped overnight by light traps and collected by aspiration the next morning inside and outside of huts to determine the extent of mosquito repellency and the impact on host-seeking and survival. Experiments studied the impact of number of devices as well as the presence of hut occupants. The study was complemented with numerical methods based on computational fluid dynamics to simulate spatial distribution of metofluthrin. Results: Presence of CRDs was associated with significant reductions in indoor counts of mosquitoes, regardless of whether huts were occupied or not. Repellency ranged from 15 to 60% compared to huts with no devices. Reducing the number of devices from 16 to 4 had little impact on repellency. When huts were occupied, indoor mosquito hostseeking was higher in the presence of CRDs, whilst survival was significantly reduced. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that deployment of as few as four CRDs within a hut was associated with reduced indoor mosquito densities. As would be expected, presence of occupants within huts, resulted in greater indoor catches (both with and without devices). The increased indoor mosquito host-seeking and mortality in huts when devices were present may be explained by the excito-repellency activity of metofluthrin. These semi-field experiments provide preliminary data on the utility of CRD spatial repellents to reduce indoor densities of An. gambiae mosquitoes. Studies will further investigate the impact of CRDs on mosquito behaviour as well as epidemiological protective efficacy.
Environmental Entomology
Abstract: Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Culicoides furens (Pooy) and C. mississip... more Abstract: Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Culicoides furens (Pooy) and C. mississippiensis Hoffman larvae were determined during a 19-mo study of a 5-ha salt marsh located near Yankeetown, Fla. Larvae of both species were found throughout the year in ...
Journal of Medical Entomology
... The trapping sites were provided by Mike Kennedy, CR Grimes, and Cheryl Grimes of Statesboro,... more ... The trapping sites were provided by Mike Kennedy, CR Grimes, and Cheryl Grimes of Statesboro, Ga. The research was supported by the Geor-gia Southern College Foundation and a grant from the Faculty Research Committee. References Cited Allan, SA & JG Stoffolano, Jr. ...
Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, 2017
he remained for his entire academic career, obtaining the rank of professor in 1969. During his c... more he remained for his entire academic career, obtaining the rank of professor in 1969. During his career at NCSU, he directed the research and training programs of 35 graduate students (15 Ph.D. students and 20 M.S. students) and 18 postdoctoral research associates in the field of medical and veterinary entomology. He published approximately 200 papers during his career, covering a wide diversity of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance (mites, house flies, tabanids, mosquitoes, biting midges, eye gnats, and ticks) reflecting his wide areas of interest. These publications included research papers, book chapters, and technical publications. He made more than 170 presentations at various scientific meetings. His research mainly emphasized the development of management programs for arthropods affecting poultry, livestock and humans and was well funded throughout his career by grants from at least 10 organizations and agencies. He also received support from industry and customer/stakeholder groups. His research program emphasized both basic and applied studies to support the development of sustainable management programs. He had research projects on poultry ectoparasites, house fly population management, and mosquito biocontrol agents. His research program focused on the integration of biological and chemical control of flies and mosquitoes. Dick was the first
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017
Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), management can be difficult, especially... more Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), management can be difficult, especially in situations where pesticide usage is restricted or disallowed. Traps have been used for monitoring stable flies, but have rarely been used for management. The Knight Stick (KS) trap recently became available, and preliminary studies indicated that it might be an improvement to traps currently in use. The Olson Sticky Fly trap was chosen as the control trap for the purpose of comparisons. Both traps attract stable flies by alteration of light waves and capture flies on a sticky wrap covering the trap base. The KS trap captured 3× more stable flies than the Olson trap, whereas the Olson trap base covered with the KS Sticky wrap captured 3-5× more stable flies than the Olson trap base with the standard Olson Sticky wrap. This indicated inherent attraction from the KS Sticky wrap. This was supported when KS Tank wraps, a larger version of the KS Sticky wraps, applied to 51 kg of liquid propane (LP) tanks on Mosquito Magnet Independence traps producing CO2, captured significantly more stable flies and significantly more stable flies per square centimeter of sticky wrap than Olson Sticky Sleeve wraps applied to the LP tanks. In a final study, when two configurations of KS Tank wraps were applied to white plastic barrels and compared with three standard KS traps, mean numbers of stable flies captured were numerically similar. The significance of findings and potential uses for the traps are discussed.
Parasites & vectors, Jan 5, 2017
Dual attractant toxic sugar baits (D-ATSB) containing two host kairomones, L-lactic (LA) and 1-oc... more Dual attractant toxic sugar baits (D-ATSB) containing two host kairomones, L-lactic (LA) and 1-octen-3-ol (O), and fruit-based attractants were evaluated through olfactory, consumption and mortality, and semi-field experiments to determine if host kairomones could first, enhance attraction of a fruit-based (attractant) toxic sugar bait (ATSB), and second, increase the efficacy of a fruit based attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB). Four combinations of LA and O were incorporated into the ATSB and evaluated in an olfactometer to determine if these combinations could enhance attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to the bait. Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti were used to determine bait consumption through excrement droplet counts and percent mortality, of the most attractive D-ATSB (1% LA and 1% O) from the olfactory study. Semi-field evaluations were conducted in screened portable field cages to determine if the D-ATSB applied to non-flowering plants controlled more mosquitoes than the ...
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2005
Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was obse... more Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was observed in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA), Queensland, Australia, during Operation Tandem Thrust 1997 (TT97). Therefore, during Operation Tandem Thrust 2001, the repellency of permethrin-treated BDUs was evaluated. Washing permethrin-treated BDUs 1 time reduced the permethrin concentration by 60%, but permethrin concentration was not reduced further after subsequent washings (up to 20 times). The probing time of Ochlerotatus vigilax landing on permethrin-treated BDUs was reduced to the greatest extent on the treated, unwashed uniform (7.5-fold reduction). Treated, washed uniforms also reduced probing time (2.5 times) compared to the untreated control uniform containing no permethrin. Reduced probing time should reduce feeding success and protect operational forces from bothersome mosquitoes and the associated risk of mosquito-borne disease in SWBTA. Observations of successful mosquito feeding made during TT97 could be attributed to the use of old and well-worn BDUs and seasonal differences in mosquito population density.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2008
The effectiveness of boric acid (1%) and fipronil (0.1%) bait stations in reducing the number of ... more The effectiveness of boric acid (1%) and fipronil (0.1%) bait stations in reducing the number of laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus mosquitoes released in outdoor screened cages was evaluated. Both toxicants significantly reduced landing rates of the 2 mosquito species on a human subject. However, no significant reduction in the number of adult mosquitoes caught by counterflow geometry (CFG) traps baited with CO2 was observed in the boric acid- and fipronil-treated cages compared with control cage. The 2 bait stations were further evaluated against natural populations of adult mosquitoes in 3 residential yards (each ca. 0.8 ha) in St. Johns County, FL. Both bait stations failed to significantly reduce counts of female mosquitoes landing on a human subject; and the capture rates of adult mosquitoes by CFG traps baited with dry ice in bait-treated and control experimental yards were not significantly different. Further field research is needed on the density and placement of bait stations in order to determine their utility in adult mosquito control programs.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1990
Field studies were conducted in phosphate mined areas of Polk County, FL, to determine the respon... more Field studies were conducted in phosphate mined areas of Polk County, FL, to determine the responses of mosquitoes produced as a result of mining operations to octenol and carbon dioxide. There was a highly significant response of all species except Culex erraticus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus to CO2. Also, a significant negative octenol response was shown for An. quadrimaculatus. Coquillettidia perturbans, Mansonia titillans and Cx. salinarius had an increased response to octenol relative to no attractant. There was a slightly negative interactive effect between octenol and 500 cc/min CO2 for Anopheles spp. and Culex (Melanoconion) spp. Both Cq. perturbans and Ma. titillans showed a significant synergistic enhancement in catch with octenol supplemented CO2 when compared with CO2 alone. However, their response to CO2 was not significantly different at 2 release rates (200 and 500 cc/min). There was a slightly greater than additive effect for the combination of octenol and CO2 for Cx. nigripalpus.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Jun 1, 1994
The role of octenol as a mosquito attractant is still under investigation. When used alone, octen... more The role of octenol as a mosquito attractant is still under investigation. When used alone, octenol has been a good attractant for only a few species. However, there appears to be a synergistic response of species of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Mansonia to the combination of octenol and CO2. Further research is required to determine the potential role of this compound in mosquito management programs.
Additional file 1. Multivariable analysis of impact of CRDs on indoor host-seeking of mosquitoes.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2004
Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, C... more Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, Connecticut. More Cx. pipiens were captured in Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps baited with CO(2), quail/hamster traps, and mosquito magnet experimental (MMX) traps placed in the tree canopy than in similar traps placed near the ground. Significantly more Cx. pipiens were captured in MMX traps placed in the canopy than in the other traps tested. Ninety-two percent and 85% of the 206 and 68 WNV isolations were from Cx. pipiens in 2002 and 2003, respectively; 5% and 12% were from Cx. salinarius. Eighty-five percent and 87% of the isolates were from mosquitoes captured in the canopy in each of the two years. The significantly larger numbers of WNV isolates from Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy are attributed to the significantly larger numbers of Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy in comparison to those captured in traps near the ground.
Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Volume II, 2007
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2007
Field studies were conducted at wooded wetlands in Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., to assess responses o... more Field studies were conducted at wooded wetlands in Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., to assess responses of natural populations of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to American Biophysics MM-X ™ and Coleman MD-2500 ™ traps baited with enantiomers of 1-octen-3-ol, a naturally occurring compound, and 1-octyn-3-ol, a closely related synthetic compound. Overall, the same species of mosquitoes were attracted by all enantiomers, although the (R)-(+) isomer of octenol generally attracted more species, and it is the isomer produced in greatest proportion in nature. Traps baited with the R-enantiomer caught greater numbers of mosquitoes than those baited with the S-enantiomer of each compound, whereas traps baited with S-enantiomers were equally or slightly less attractive than those baited with carbon dioxide only.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Mosquitoes continue to be a major threat to global health, and the ability to reliably monitor, c... more Mosquitoes continue to be a major threat to global health, and the ability to reliably monitor, catch, and kill mosquitoes via passive traps is of great importance. Global, low-cost, and easy-to-use outdoor devices are needed to augment existing efforts in mosquito control that combat the spread of disease, such as Zika. Thus, we have developed a modular, portable, non-powered (passive), self-contained, and field-deployable device suitable for releasing volatiles with a wide range of applications such as attracting, repelling, and killing mosquitoes. This unique device relies on a novel nested wick and two-reservoir design that achieves a constant release of volatiles over several hundred hours. Devices loaded with one of either two compounds, geraniol or 1-methylpiperazine (MP), were tested in a controlled environment (32 °C and 70% relative humidity), and both compounds achieved a constant release from our devices at a rate of 2.4 mg/h and 47 mg/h, respectively. The liquid payload...
Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, Jun 1, 2018
Despite the veterinary and medical importance of horse flies, deer flies, and yellow flies, only ... more Despite the veterinary and medical importance of horse flies, deer flies, and yellow flies, only a few trap types have been evaluated to monitor adult population dynamics. Currently, three trap types are being utilized (H-trap, Horse Pal® (HP), and Nzi trap), but no head-to-head comparisons have been reported. Thus, we conducted comparative trapping studies in Florida and North Carolina. At two study sites in Florida, the efficacy of all three trap types was compared, but only the H-trap and HP were compared in North Carolina. Although trap type was significant at all sites, the trap type which caught the most specimens was not the same. In Florida at the Lower Suwannee Wildlife Refuge (LSWR) site, the H-trap caught the most specimens (2,006), followed in decreasing order by Nzi (938) and HP (541). At the Cedar Ridge Ranch site, the Nzi caught significantly more specimens (1,439) than the H-trap (215) and HP (161), which were not significantly different from each other. In North Car...
Malaria Journal
Background: The emergence of mosquitoes that can avoid indoor-deployed interventions, such as tre... more Background: The emergence of mosquitoes that can avoid indoor-deployed interventions, such as treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, threatens the mainstay of malaria control in Zambia. Furthermore, the requirement for high coverage of these tools poses operational challenges. Spatial repellents are being assessed to supplement these vector control tools, but limitations exist in the residual effect of the repellent and the need for external power or heat for diffusion of the volatiles. Methods: A semi-field evaluation of a novel controlled release spatial repellent device (CRD) was conducted in Macha, Zambia. These devices emanate metofluthrin with no need for external power. Devices were deployed in huts within the semi-field system (SFS). Female Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto released within the SFS were trapped overnight by light traps and collected by aspiration the next morning inside and outside of huts to determine the extent of mosquito repellency and the impact on host-seeking and survival. Experiments studied the impact of number of devices as well as the presence of hut occupants. The study was complemented with numerical methods based on computational fluid dynamics to simulate spatial distribution of metofluthrin. Results: Presence of CRDs was associated with significant reductions in indoor counts of mosquitoes, regardless of whether huts were occupied or not. Repellency ranged from 15 to 60% compared to huts with no devices. Reducing the number of devices from 16 to 4 had little impact on repellency. When huts were occupied, indoor mosquito hostseeking was higher in the presence of CRDs, whilst survival was significantly reduced. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that deployment of as few as four CRDs within a hut was associated with reduced indoor mosquito densities. As would be expected, presence of occupants within huts, resulted in greater indoor catches (both with and without devices). The increased indoor mosquito host-seeking and mortality in huts when devices were present may be explained by the excito-repellency activity of metofluthrin. These semi-field experiments provide preliminary data on the utility of CRD spatial repellents to reduce indoor densities of An. gambiae mosquitoes. Studies will further investigate the impact of CRDs on mosquito behaviour as well as epidemiological protective efficacy.
Environmental Entomology
Abstract: Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Culicoides furens (Pooy) and C. mississip... more Abstract: Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Culicoides furens (Pooy) and C. mississippiensis Hoffman larvae were determined during a 19-mo study of a 5-ha salt marsh located near Yankeetown, Fla. Larvae of both species were found throughout the year in ...
Journal of Medical Entomology
... The trapping sites were provided by Mike Kennedy, CR Grimes, and Cheryl Grimes of Statesboro,... more ... The trapping sites were provided by Mike Kennedy, CR Grimes, and Cheryl Grimes of Statesboro, Ga. The research was supported by the Geor-gia Southern College Foundation and a grant from the Faculty Research Committee. References Cited Allan, SA & JG Stoffolano, Jr. ...
Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, 2017
he remained for his entire academic career, obtaining the rank of professor in 1969. During his c... more he remained for his entire academic career, obtaining the rank of professor in 1969. During his career at NCSU, he directed the research and training programs of 35 graduate students (15 Ph.D. students and 20 M.S. students) and 18 postdoctoral research associates in the field of medical and veterinary entomology. He published approximately 200 papers during his career, covering a wide diversity of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance (mites, house flies, tabanids, mosquitoes, biting midges, eye gnats, and ticks) reflecting his wide areas of interest. These publications included research papers, book chapters, and technical publications. He made more than 170 presentations at various scientific meetings. His research mainly emphasized the development of management programs for arthropods affecting poultry, livestock and humans and was well funded throughout his career by grants from at least 10 organizations and agencies. He also received support from industry and customer/stakeholder groups. His research program emphasized both basic and applied studies to support the development of sustainable management programs. He had research projects on poultry ectoparasites, house fly population management, and mosquito biocontrol agents. His research program focused on the integration of biological and chemical control of flies and mosquitoes. Dick was the first
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017
Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), management can be difficult, especially... more Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), management can be difficult, especially in situations where pesticide usage is restricted or disallowed. Traps have been used for monitoring stable flies, but have rarely been used for management. The Knight Stick (KS) trap recently became available, and preliminary studies indicated that it might be an improvement to traps currently in use. The Olson Sticky Fly trap was chosen as the control trap for the purpose of comparisons. Both traps attract stable flies by alteration of light waves and capture flies on a sticky wrap covering the trap base. The KS trap captured 3× more stable flies than the Olson trap, whereas the Olson trap base covered with the KS Sticky wrap captured 3-5× more stable flies than the Olson trap base with the standard Olson Sticky wrap. This indicated inherent attraction from the KS Sticky wrap. This was supported when KS Tank wraps, a larger version of the KS Sticky wraps, applied to 51 kg of liquid propane (LP) tanks on Mosquito Magnet Independence traps producing CO2, captured significantly more stable flies and significantly more stable flies per square centimeter of sticky wrap than Olson Sticky Sleeve wraps applied to the LP tanks. In a final study, when two configurations of KS Tank wraps were applied to white plastic barrels and compared with three standard KS traps, mean numbers of stable flies captured were numerically similar. The significance of findings and potential uses for the traps are discussed.
Parasites & vectors, Jan 5, 2017
Dual attractant toxic sugar baits (D-ATSB) containing two host kairomones, L-lactic (LA) and 1-oc... more Dual attractant toxic sugar baits (D-ATSB) containing two host kairomones, L-lactic (LA) and 1-octen-3-ol (O), and fruit-based attractants were evaluated through olfactory, consumption and mortality, and semi-field experiments to determine if host kairomones could first, enhance attraction of a fruit-based (attractant) toxic sugar bait (ATSB), and second, increase the efficacy of a fruit based attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB). Four combinations of LA and O were incorporated into the ATSB and evaluated in an olfactometer to determine if these combinations could enhance attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to the bait. Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti were used to determine bait consumption through excrement droplet counts and percent mortality, of the most attractive D-ATSB (1% LA and 1% O) from the olfactory study. Semi-field evaluations were conducted in screened portable field cages to determine if the D-ATSB applied to non-flowering plants controlled more mosquitoes than the ...
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2005
Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was obse... more Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was observed in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA), Queensland, Australia, during Operation Tandem Thrust 1997 (TT97). Therefore, during Operation Tandem Thrust 2001, the repellency of permethrin-treated BDUs was evaluated. Washing permethrin-treated BDUs 1 time reduced the permethrin concentration by 60%, but permethrin concentration was not reduced further after subsequent washings (up to 20 times). The probing time of Ochlerotatus vigilax landing on permethrin-treated BDUs was reduced to the greatest extent on the treated, unwashed uniform (7.5-fold reduction). Treated, washed uniforms also reduced probing time (2.5 times) compared to the untreated control uniform containing no permethrin. Reduced probing time should reduce feeding success and protect operational forces from bothersome mosquitoes and the associated risk of mosquito-borne disease in SWBTA. Observations of successful mosquito feeding made during TT97 could be attributed to the use of old and well-worn BDUs and seasonal differences in mosquito population density.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2008
The effectiveness of boric acid (1%) and fipronil (0.1%) bait stations in reducing the number of ... more The effectiveness of boric acid (1%) and fipronil (0.1%) bait stations in reducing the number of laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus mosquitoes released in outdoor screened cages was evaluated. Both toxicants significantly reduced landing rates of the 2 mosquito species on a human subject. However, no significant reduction in the number of adult mosquitoes caught by counterflow geometry (CFG) traps baited with CO2 was observed in the boric acid- and fipronil-treated cages compared with control cage. The 2 bait stations were further evaluated against natural populations of adult mosquitoes in 3 residential yards (each ca. 0.8 ha) in St. Johns County, FL. Both bait stations failed to significantly reduce counts of female mosquitoes landing on a human subject; and the capture rates of adult mosquitoes by CFG traps baited with dry ice in bait-treated and control experimental yards were not significantly different. Further field research is needed on the density and placement of bait stations in order to determine their utility in adult mosquito control programs.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1990
Field studies were conducted in phosphate mined areas of Polk County, FL, to determine the respon... more Field studies were conducted in phosphate mined areas of Polk County, FL, to determine the responses of mosquitoes produced as a result of mining operations to octenol and carbon dioxide. There was a highly significant response of all species except Culex erraticus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus to CO2. Also, a significant negative octenol response was shown for An. quadrimaculatus. Coquillettidia perturbans, Mansonia titillans and Cx. salinarius had an increased response to octenol relative to no attractant. There was a slightly negative interactive effect between octenol and 500 cc/min CO2 for Anopheles spp. and Culex (Melanoconion) spp. Both Cq. perturbans and Ma. titillans showed a significant synergistic enhancement in catch with octenol supplemented CO2 when compared with CO2 alone. However, their response to CO2 was not significantly different at 2 release rates (200 and 500 cc/min). There was a slightly greater than additive effect for the combination of octenol and CO2 for Cx. nigripalpus.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Jun 1, 1994
The role of octenol as a mosquito attractant is still under investigation. When used alone, octen... more The role of octenol as a mosquito attractant is still under investigation. When used alone, octenol has been a good attractant for only a few species. However, there appears to be a synergistic response of species of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Mansonia to the combination of octenol and CO2. Further research is required to determine the potential role of this compound in mosquito management programs.