Daniela Contreras - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Daniela Contreras
Revista Argentina De Clinica Psicologica, 2016
espanolBajo un diseno no experimental transversal, se evalua el rol mediador de los afectos (posi... more espanolBajo un diseno no experimental transversal, se evalua el rol mediador de los afectos (positivo y negativo) en la relacion entre optimismo y bienestar (subjetivo y psicologico). Un total de 421 personas, entre 18 y 60 anos sin patologia mental diagnosticada, participaron en este estudio. Cada participante respondio un set de cuestionarios (optimismo, felicidad, satisfaccion con la vida, bienestar psicologico, afecto positivo y negativo). Las relaciones entre las variables se encuentran ajustadas a lo esperado teoricamente: optimismo y bienestar se correlacionan de forma negativa con afecto negativo y de forma positiva con afecto positivo. Los indicadores de ajuste son moderados y muestran que la relacion entre optimismo y bienestar (subjetivo y psicologico) es mediada por los afectos. Por lo tanto, el optimismo podria ser considerado como promotor de los niveles de bienestar de las personas, mediada esta relacion por los afectos. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a los mode...
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](BACKGROUND Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce bloo... more BACKGROUND Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. AIM To design a brief psychological intervention for hypertensive patients and assess its effects on blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty eight hypertensive subjects (35 women, age range 63-77 years) were studied. They were randomly divided in a control and experimental group. The latter group attended eight sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention, lasting two hours each, during one month. In each session, subjects were trained in relaxation techniques, cognitive modeling and psycho education. The main outcome assessed was a change in blood pressure levels. RESULTS In the experimental group, there was a significant reduction from baseline to the second post test assessment, in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels from 134+/-9 to 123+/-8 mmHg and from 87+/-5 to 73+/-6 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The psychological intervention...
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
PLOS ONE
As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vul... more As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vulnerable road users-such as the elderly-may be particularly at risk of road traffic deaths. To date, the impact of road safety measures over the rate of road traffic deaths in older adults (60 years or older), considering the within-country socioeconomic inequalities, has not been explored in developing nations. This study takes the Chilean case as an example-with its 2005 traffic law reform as one of the road safety measures investigated-, in which open data available from official national sources for all its 13 regions over the 2002-2013 period were used for a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis. A statistically significant secular reduction of the rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly population was found (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.99), but no evidence for a significant intercept or slope change after the traffic law reform was observed. Regions with the highest number of traffic offenses prosecuted in local police courts had lower rates of road traffic deaths in older adults (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), and those regions in the third (IRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25) and the fifth (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.54) quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation had higher rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly. Such findings strongly support the conceptualization of the road safety of seniors in developing countries as a social equity issue, with implications for the design of traffic regulations and road environments.
Accident Analysis & Prevention
Evaluation & the health professions, 2017
We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and N... more We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire in four different samples: two general adult populations ( N = 1,548, N = 964), one adolescent population ( N = 1,044), and young people with depressive symptomatology ( N = 307). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed with subsamples from Studies 1 ( n = 773) and 2 ( n = 527), finding that the two- and three-factor solutions had a good fit. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor solution resulted in an adequate fit in a second set of subsamples from both studies ( n = 775, n = 517). In Study 3, we found good convergent and divergent validity with adequate and significant correlations found for depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and neuroticism and extroversion (Big Five Inventory). In Study 4, the results of an EFA performed in a subsample ( n = 154) found that the two...
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
PloS one, 2016
The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyabl... more The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyable bike lanes. This paper addresses the relationship between the colours of bike lane interventions-in particular pavement painting and intersection design-and the subjective evaluation of liking, visual saliency, and perceived safety related to such an intervention. Utilising images of three real bike lane intersections modified by software to change their colour (five in total), this study recruited 538 participants to assess their perception of all fifteen colour-design combinations. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess the effect of the main conditions (colour and design) on the dependent variables (liking towards the intervention, level of visual saliency of the intersection, and perceived safety of the bike lane). The results showed that the colour red was more positively associated to the outcome variables, follow...
International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2016
Universitas Psychologica, 2015
Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psy... more Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psychological well-being (PWB) was examined in a representative sample of Chileans. Results confirm a positive association between socioeconomic status and satisfaction with income and status and PWB. Associations were stronger with PWB facets related to relational, control and self-esteem processes, and weaker with purpose of life, growth and autonomy. Structural equation modeling confirmed a direct significant coefficient of socioeconomic status on PWB, as well as an indirect significant path through satisfaction with income and status. Control for satisfaction with socioeconomic status and purchase power reduced but did not eliminate the effect of socioeconomic status on PWB. Results are consistent with a direct effect model of socio-structural position on well-being, but also with the relevance of satisfaction with social position as an appraisal process to indicate high psychological w...
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2015
Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subject... more Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subjective sexual well-being being a recent phenomenon. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between sexual behavior, happiness, health, and subjective sexual well-being. The data were collected from 862 people aged between 18 and 50 years in Santiago, Chile, and were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that sexual behavioral indicators (sexual frequency, sexual caresses, and touching), happiness, and perception of health taken as a whole predicted 47.4% of subjective sexual well-being (SSWB). Analysis of the four items of subjective sexual well-being separately showed that the dimension of physical satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators with a prediction percentage of 33.5%, whereas emotional satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators and happiness, with a percentage of prediction of 43.3%. Satisfaction with sexual function was associated with perception of health and one sexual behavior indicator, with a prediction percentage of 29.2% of this variable. The importance of sex was associated with three sexual behavior variables that predicted 26.2% of this variable. The results confirm that subjective sexual well-being can be predicted and that its four dimensions present a different behavior compared to the study predictors.
Revista médica de Chile, 2006
Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly subjects... more Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly subjects Background: Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Aim: To design a brief psychological intervention for hypertensive patients and assess its effects on blood pressure. Material and methods: Thirty eight hypertensive subjects (35 women, age range 63-77 years) were studied. They were randomly divided in a control and experimental group. The latter group attended eight sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention, lasting two hours each, during one month. In each session, subjects were trained in relaxation techniques, cognitive modeling and psycho education. The main outcome assessed was a change in blood pressure levels. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant reduction from baseline to the second post test assessment, in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels from 134±9 to 123±8 mmHg and from 87±5 to 73±6 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions: The psychological intervention used in the present study achieved significant reductions in blood pressure levels in this group of hypertensive subjects (Rev Méd Chile 2006; 134: 433-40).
Rev. méd. …, 2006
Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Santiago, Chile. a Psicóloga. b ... more Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Santiago, Chile. a Psicóloga. b Psicólogo, Doctor en Psicología. ... Background: Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive ...
Evaluación e intervención cognitiva conductual en …, 2007
Psychometric properties of the premeditated and impulsive aggression questionnaire on adolescents of
An evaluation of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention oriented to an elderly group in order ... more An evaluation of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention oriented to an elderly group in order to decrease their anxiety and depressive symptomatology is outlined. Treatment was conducted during a 1 month period (two-2 hour sessions per week). Participants were 39 older persons from the city of Santiago (Chile). Their depression status was mild/moderate with anxious symptomatology, and were distributed to the experimental and control groups. Major used techniques were: Progressive Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring and Psycho Education. For the analysis of results, a multivaried experimental design for the comparison of two groups, involving measurements pre, during, post and follow-up of the intervention was used. Results revealed statistically relevant (p<0.05) variances among the experimental and control groups for every measurement of both treatment and follow-up of the variables studied. The size of the effect was moderate-high for anxiety-state (0.74) and depression (0.68) and moderate for anxiety-trait (0.52). In relation to Power, it was high for all variables studied, with a value of 1 at the end of the research.
Revista Argentina De Clinica Psicologica, 2016
espanolBajo un diseno no experimental transversal, se evalua el rol mediador de los afectos (posi... more espanolBajo un diseno no experimental transversal, se evalua el rol mediador de los afectos (positivo y negativo) en la relacion entre optimismo y bienestar (subjetivo y psicologico). Un total de 421 personas, entre 18 y 60 anos sin patologia mental diagnosticada, participaron en este estudio. Cada participante respondio un set de cuestionarios (optimismo, felicidad, satisfaccion con la vida, bienestar psicologico, afecto positivo y negativo). Las relaciones entre las variables se encuentran ajustadas a lo esperado teoricamente: optimismo y bienestar se correlacionan de forma negativa con afecto negativo y de forma positiva con afecto positivo. Los indicadores de ajuste son moderados y muestran que la relacion entre optimismo y bienestar (subjetivo y psicologico) es mediada por los afectos. Por lo tanto, el optimismo podria ser considerado como promotor de los niveles de bienestar de las personas, mediada esta relacion por los afectos. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a los mode...
BACKGROUND Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce bloo... more BACKGROUND Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. AIM To design a brief psychological intervention for hypertensive patients and assess its effects on blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty eight hypertensive subjects (35 women, age range 63-77 years) were studied. They were randomly divided in a control and experimental group. The latter group attended eight sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention, lasting two hours each, during one month. In each session, subjects were trained in relaxation techniques, cognitive modeling and psycho education. The main outcome assessed was a change in blood pressure levels. RESULTS In the experimental group, there was a significant reduction from baseline to the second post test assessment, in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels from 134+/-9 to 123+/-8 mmHg and from 87+/-5 to 73+/-6 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The psychological intervention...
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
PLOS ONE
As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vul... more As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vulnerable road users-such as the elderly-may be particularly at risk of road traffic deaths. To date, the impact of road safety measures over the rate of road traffic deaths in older adults (60 years or older), considering the within-country socioeconomic inequalities, has not been explored in developing nations. This study takes the Chilean case as an example-with its 2005 traffic law reform as one of the road safety measures investigated-, in which open data available from official national sources for all its 13 regions over the 2002-2013 period were used for a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis. A statistically significant secular reduction of the rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly population was found (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.99), but no evidence for a significant intercept or slope change after the traffic law reform was observed. Regions with the highest number of traffic offenses prosecuted in local police courts had lower rates of road traffic deaths in older adults (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), and those regions in the third (IRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25) and the fifth (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.54) quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation had higher rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly. Such findings strongly support the conceptualization of the road safety of seniors in developing countries as a social equity issue, with implications for the design of traffic regulations and road environments.
Accident Analysis & Prevention
Evaluation & the health professions, 2017
We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and N... more We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire in four different samples: two general adult populations ( N = 1,548, N = 964), one adolescent population ( N = 1,044), and young people with depressive symptomatology ( N = 307). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed with subsamples from Studies 1 ( n = 773) and 2 ( n = 527), finding that the two- and three-factor solutions had a good fit. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor solution resulted in an adequate fit in a second set of subsamples from both studies ( n = 775, n = 517). In Study 3, we found good convergent and divergent validity with adequate and significant correlations found for depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and neuroticism and extroversion (Big Five Inventory). In Study 4, the results of an EFA performed in a subsample ( n = 154) found that the two...
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
PloS one, 2016
The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyabl... more The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyable bike lanes. This paper addresses the relationship between the colours of bike lane interventions-in particular pavement painting and intersection design-and the subjective evaluation of liking, visual saliency, and perceived safety related to such an intervention. Utilising images of three real bike lane intersections modified by software to change their colour (five in total), this study recruited 538 participants to assess their perception of all fifteen colour-design combinations. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess the effect of the main conditions (colour and design) on the dependent variables (liking towards the intervention, level of visual saliency of the intersection, and perceived safety of the bike lane). The results showed that the colour red was more positively associated to the outcome variables, follow...
International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2016
Universitas Psychologica, 2015
Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psy... more Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psychological well-being (PWB) was examined in a representative sample of Chileans. Results confirm a positive association between socioeconomic status and satisfaction with income and status and PWB. Associations were stronger with PWB facets related to relational, control and self-esteem processes, and weaker with purpose of life, growth and autonomy. Structural equation modeling confirmed a direct significant coefficient of socioeconomic status on PWB, as well as an indirect significant path through satisfaction with income and status. Control for satisfaction with socioeconomic status and purchase power reduced but did not eliminate the effect of socioeconomic status on PWB. Results are consistent with a direct effect model of socio-structural position on well-being, but also with the relevance of satisfaction with social position as an appraisal process to indicate high psychological w...
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2015
Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subject... more Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subjective sexual well-being being a recent phenomenon. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between sexual behavior, happiness, health, and subjective sexual well-being. The data were collected from 862 people aged between 18 and 50 years in Santiago, Chile, and were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that sexual behavioral indicators (sexual frequency, sexual caresses, and touching), happiness, and perception of health taken as a whole predicted 47.4% of subjective sexual well-being (SSWB). Analysis of the four items of subjective sexual well-being separately showed that the dimension of physical satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators with a prediction percentage of 33.5%, whereas emotional satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators and happiness, with a percentage of prediction of 43.3%. Satisfaction with sexual function was associated with perception of health and one sexual behavior indicator, with a prediction percentage of 29.2% of this variable. The importance of sex was associated with three sexual behavior variables that predicted 26.2% of this variable. The results confirm that subjective sexual well-being can be predicted and that its four dimensions present a different behavior compared to the study predictors.
Revista médica de Chile, 2006
Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly subjects... more Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly subjects Background: Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Aim: To design a brief psychological intervention for hypertensive patients and assess its effects on blood pressure. Material and methods: Thirty eight hypertensive subjects (35 women, age range 63-77 years) were studied. They were randomly divided in a control and experimental group. The latter group attended eight sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention, lasting two hours each, during one month. In each session, subjects were trained in relaxation techniques, cognitive modeling and psycho education. The main outcome assessed was a change in blood pressure levels. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant reduction from baseline to the second post test assessment, in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels from 134±9 to 123±8 mmHg and from 87±5 to 73±6 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions: The psychological intervention used in the present study achieved significant reductions in blood pressure levels in this group of hypertensive subjects (Rev Méd Chile 2006; 134: 433-40).
Rev. méd. …, 2006
Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Santiago, Chile. a Psicóloga. b ... more Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Santiago, Chile. a Psicóloga. b Psicólogo, Doctor en Psicología. ... Background: Cognitive and behavior therapy can be used as an adjunct to medications to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive ...
Evaluación e intervención cognitiva conductual en …, 2007
Psychometric properties of the premeditated and impulsive aggression questionnaire on adolescents of
An evaluation of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention oriented to an elderly group in order ... more An evaluation of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention oriented to an elderly group in order to decrease their anxiety and depressive symptomatology is outlined. Treatment was conducted during a 1 month period (two-2 hour sessions per week). Participants were 39 older persons from the city of Santiago (Chile). Their depression status was mild/moderate with anxious symptomatology, and were distributed to the experimental and control groups. Major used techniques were: Progressive Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring and Psycho Education. For the analysis of results, a multivaried experimental design for the comparison of two groups, involving measurements pre, during, post and follow-up of the intervention was used. Results revealed statistically relevant (p<0.05) variances among the experimental and control groups for every measurement of both treatment and follow-up of the variables studied. The size of the effect was moderate-high for anxiety-state (0.74) and depression (0.68) and moderate for anxiety-trait (0.52). In relation to Power, it was high for all variables studied, with a value of 1 at the end of the research.