Danish Hussain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Danish Hussain

Journal of the Bromeliad Society., Apr 1, 1980

2018 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), 2018

Sidewall imaging of micro and nano structures is essential for critical dimensional metrology in ... more Sidewall imaging of micro and nano structures is essential for critical dimensional metrology in the semiconductor industry. Atomic force microscope is an important sidewall imaging instrument due to its three dimensional imaging capability, high accuracy and ultra high resolution. We propose an AFM method for sidewall imaging of high step sidewalls. A tuning fork force sensor with a tungsten tip is tilted at a suitable angle (θ) to access the sidewall. Sidewalls of a micro electromechanical systems (MEME) structure fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DIRE) process is scanned and sidewall roughness is measured.

Journal of Sensors, 2022

Applications of mobile robots are continuously capturing the importance in numerous areas such as... more Applications of mobile robots are continuously capturing the importance in numerous areas such as agriculture, surveillance, defense, and planetary exploration to name a few. Accurate navigation of a mobile robot is highly significant for its uninterrupted operation. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the widely used techniques in mobile robots for localization and navigation. SLAM consists of front- and back-end processes, wherein the front-end includes SLAM sensors. These sensors play a significant role in acquiring accurate environmental information for further processing and mapping. Therefore, understanding the operational limits of the available SLAM sensors and data collection techniques from a single sensor or multisensors is noteworthy. In this article, a detailed literature review of widely used SLAM sensors such as acoustic sensor, RADAR, camera, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and RGB-D is provided. The performance of SLAM sensors is compared usi...

2021 International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Industry (ICRAI), 2021

The mobile controllable microrobots have numerous applications in complex environments, ranging f... more The mobile controllable microrobots have numerous applications in complex environments, ranging from simple manipulation to microscale biological substances operations (in vitro tasks) to targeted drug delivery (in vivo applications). Researchers have used a variety of actuation mechanisms to actuate the microrobots in different environments. Currently, magnetic actuation is being widely used in micro-robotics for motion control and manipulation of micro and Nano agents. Design and development of the magnetic actuation system with the optimal magnetic field is indispensable for magnetic micro-robotics. In this research, we investigated different design parameters of the magnetic actuator (coil), based on the established theories and available literature, and then proposed a suitable method to fabricate and optimize the electromagnetic actuation mechanism for the magnetic micro-robotic system. It has been suggested that the very precise planer and collinear arrangement of the coils are of utmost importance in order to generate an optimized magnetic field. Manipulation of Fe3O4 microrobots shows the capability and robustness of the developed system.

Crystals, 2020

The understanding of the growth and morphological evolution of nanoclusters with process paramete... more The understanding of the growth and morphological evolution of nanoclusters with process parameters such as ion source geometry, voltage, current, time, and gas pressure are highly important to achieve their desired sizes, morphology, and concentration. Carbon nanoclusters (0-dimensional) were synthesized using the DC glow discharge technique at different process parameters (such as Ne-gas pressures, current, voltage, etc.) using custom fabricated graphite ion sources of cylindrical and U-shaped geometries. The morphology and density of carbon nanoclusters were studied with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to understand their evolution at different process parameters. The study suggests that the U-shaped hollow cathode ion source produces tiny carbon nanoclusters at greater concentration as compared to the cylindrical cathode. Similarly, the density of tiny nanoclusters enhances greatly with the increasing pressures (e.g., 75 mbar). In addition, the AFM morphology of the nanocluster...

international journal of research in computer application & management, 2016

Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 2020

Our study identifies a cost and a benefit incurred in implementing an investment project to offer... more Our study identifies a cost and a benefit incurred in implementing an investment project to offer new public services by use of food waste disposers and direct input of feces in sewers. This is done with identifying costs of each processing division and benefits of the project by objective statistical data and engineering perspective. In summary, cost items identified are as follows: there are house laterals, removal of septic tanks, etc. for sewer pipes system. As to water quality conservation, cost incurs in storm water outfalls and divert chambers, sewage storage tanks, equipment to treat sewer overflows, and so on. With respect to sewage treatment plants(STPs), there are so many items as increase of contaminant loads in influent of STPs, and other items. There are benefit items in health improvement due to odor mitigation, increase of energy productivity, saving cost of food waste treatment and cleaning septic tanks, etc. These estimates will be used as a basic data for its econ...

International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2018

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) is becoming very common nowadays due to its ability... more The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) is becoming very common nowadays due to its ability to analyse complex nonlinear events. An ANN has a flexible, convenient and easy mathematical structure to identify the nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. This capability could efficiently be employed for the different hydrological models such as rainfall-runoff models, which are inherently nonlinear in nature and therefore, representing their physical characteristics is challenging. In this paper, the influences of back propagation algorithm and their efficiencies which affect the input dimensions on rainfall runoff model have been demonstrated. The capability of the Artificial Neural Network with different input dimensions has been attempted and demonstrated with a case study on Sarada River Basin. The ANN models developed were able to map the relationship between input and output data sets used. The model developed on rainfall and runoff pattern have been cali...

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 2021

PurposeThe study attempted to gauge the relative effectiveness of celebrity and product image mat... more PurposeThe study attempted to gauge the relative effectiveness of celebrity and product image match-up in comparison to non-celebrity attractive endorsers for two distinct high involvement situations. Also, due to the expected demographic diversity among target consumers, the study aimed at assessing the impact of respondent's age and gender on the effectiveness of image match-up.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on the three-order hierarchy model, two experiments were conducted (utilising celebrity and non-celebrity endorsers) for two high involvement hierarchies, i.e. standard learning and dissonance/attribution. Through fictitious print advertisement, the experiments assessed the effectiveness of the match-up in terms of consumer attitudes towards advertisement and brand and intentions to purchase.FindingsThe match-up consistently and significantly outperformed non-celebrity attractive endorser in case of standard learning hierarchy. The same conclusion was not established ...

Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2018

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Ecology prevention and energy conservation are the two important concerns being faced by... more Abstract Ecology prevention and energy conservation are the two important concerns being faced by the world. Due to modernization, the demand for energy increases and this growing energy demand disturb the ecology by increasing the greenhouse gases. Consequently, energy conversion of fossil fuel with minimum wastage has become crucial aspect. Present work is focusing to retrieve the waste heat from a diesel engine which utilizes only 35% of fuel energy as the useful energy and rest goes waste. A dual-loop Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is opted to recover waste heat from an internal combustion diesel engine. The study considered a Toyota Innova light-duty diesel engine, where heat is extracted from the intake air, coolant system, and engine exhaust. Heat energy is recovered by dual loop Organic Rankine Cycle, as a hot temperature loop and cold temperature loop. R245fa refrigerant is used in the hot temperature loop, which recovers heat energy from exhaust gases. Whereas R134a refrigerant is used for low-temperature loop (LT), and it recovers residual heat of hot temperature (HT) loop, intake air and coolant system. By applying thermodynamic analysis on the combined system, the performance analysis of the twin loop is observed. Further the combined system performance in terms of specific fuel consumption and network are investigated. It is observed through simulation results, that around 50% improvement in work output and by around 20% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption due to waste heat recovery.

2017 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), Jul 1, 2017

This paper presents an easy-to-use and efficient implementation of the added mass method for cali... more This paper presents an easy-to-use and efficient implementation of the added mass method for calibrating various atomic force microscope (AFM) probes without damage to the probe, which is based on the added mass method. The method is achieved by using a pneumatic control system and a home-made glass micro-pipette. Compared with the conventional added mass method, this method achieves the operation of the loading mass by negative pressure rather than the capillary force/electrostatic force, which is more stable and reliable. Therefore, it is efficient and reliable for placing/removing the loading mass to/from the AFM probe. It is a major significance for the calibration of unconventional shape cantilever. To confirm its ability, the polystyrene (PS) sphere is used as the loading mass to calibrate various AFM probes. The above experimental results show that this method can accurately and conveniently calibrate various AFM probes with less time consuming. Index Terms-atomic force microscope probe, calibration, added mass method, pneumatic control system, micro-pipette.

International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 2016

Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2019

Bullwhip effect (BWE) in a supply chain is a phenomenon wherein variance in orders placed increas... more Bullwhip effect (BWE) in a supply chain is a phenomenon wherein variance in orders placed increases as one moves upstream in the supply chain. This paper analyses the bullwhip effect from human behaviour perspective using beer distribution game (BDG). Personality traits of respondents were quantified using the big five inventory. Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are the five broad traits studied as independent variables (IVs). Inventory holding cost, back order cost and bullwhip effect (Quantified) were studied as dependent variables (DVs). Conscientiousness also acted as a moderator besides being an IV and had a weak negative correlation with BWE and costs. Openness related positively to DVs in some relationships which were significant. Reason for this anomaly was found in the moderation/interaction of personality traits with conscientiousness. The important findings are that personality matters in complex decision making in a supply chain. Moreover, traits interact with each other. The best performers were those who were high on conscientiousness and openness.

International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 2019

Micro & Nano Letters, 2018

Commercially available quartz tuning forks (QTFs) can be transformed into self-sensing and actuat... more Commercially available quartz tuning forks (QTFs) can be transformed into self-sensing and actuating force sensors by micro-assembling a sharp tip on the apex of a tine. Mass of the tip is critical in determining the quality (Q)-factor of the sensor, therefore, fabrication of the lightweight nanotips is a precondition for high Q-factor QTF sensors. The work reports fabrication of very lightweight tungsten nanotips with a two-step electrochemical etching technique which can be used to develop high Q-factor QTF force sensor. First, a tungsten wire with protective coating at one end (1-2 mm) is etched with a trapezoidal waveform to form a lengthy (∼2-5 mm) and slender (diameter ∼10-40 μm) micro-needle. In the second step, sharp tip apex is fabricated with a direct current etching. High Q-factor (6600-8000) QTF force sensors have been developed with the fabricated nanotips. Atomic force microscope scanning of nano-grating and a triblock copolymer surface validates the scanning performance of the developed sensors.

Scanning, 2018

An efficient and adaptive boundary tracking method is developed to confine area of interest for h... more An efficient and adaptive boundary tracking method is developed to confine area of interest for high-efficiency local scanning. By using a boundary point determination criterion, the scanning tip is steered with a sinusoidal waveform while estimating azimuth angle and radius ratio of each boundary point to accurately track the boundary of targets. A local scan region and path are subsequently planned based on the prior knowledge of boundary tracking to reduce the scan time. Boundary tracking and local scanning methods have great potential not only for fast dimension measurement but also for sample surface topography and physical characterization, with only scanning region of interest. The performance of the proposed methods was verified by using the alternate current mode scanning ion-conductance microscopy, tapping, and PeakForce modulation atomic force microscopy. Experimental results of single/multitarget boundary tracking and local scanning of target structures with complex boun...

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018

Sidewall roughness measurement is becoming increasingly important in the micro-electromechanical ... more Sidewall roughness measurement is becoming increasingly important in the micro-electromechanical systems and nanoelectronics devices. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an emerging technique for sidewall scanning and roughness measurement due to its high resolution, three-dimensional imaging capability and high accuracy. We report an AFM sidewall imaging method with a quartz tuning fork (QTF) force sensor. A self sensing and actuating force sensor is fabricated by microassembling a commercial AFM cantilever (tip apex radius ≤10 nm) to a QTF. The attached lightweight cantilever allows high-sensitivity force detection (7.4% Q factor reduction) and sidewall imaging with high lateral resolution. Owing to its unique configuration, the tip of the sensor can detect sidewall surface orthogonally during imaging, which reduces lateral friction. In experiments, sidewalls of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) structure fabricated by deep reactive ion etching process and a standard step grat...