Dariusz Bochenek - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dariusz Bochenek

Journal of Electroceramics, 2010

We present the results of obtaining and investigating multiferroic ceramics Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 ... more We present the results of obtaining and investigating multiferroic ceramics Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 (PFN) and PFN doped by various amounts of Li (PFN:Li). Ceramics have been obtained from oxides by two-step synthesis. For obtained samples the X-ray diffraction patterns, microstructure, DC electric conductivity, the temperature dependencies of dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses, electromechanical properties and hysteresis loops have been investigated. Obtained results have shown that the introduction of Li decreases electric conductivity and improves dielectric and electromechanical parameters important for applications.

Materials, 2020

The tribotesting of friction systems requires discussion on proper selection of its conditions an... more The tribotesting of friction systems requires discussion on proper selection of its conditions and data presentation. System tribology is based, for example, on analysis of the friction contact, the roughness of the cooperating surfaces, and the wear rate of the rubbing elements or coefficient of friction in relation to the sliding distance. Friction pairs, consisting of an aluminum alloy sample with an oxide layer (Al2O3) with and without the addition of inorganic fullerenes like tungsten disulphide (IF-WS2) nanoparticles on its surface cooperating with a counter-sample made of polymer composites prepared on the basis of phenol-formaldehyde resin with different fillers, were tested using a device with a pin-on-plate friction pair system. The results of the experiments showed sufficient durability of the Al2O3 and Al2O3/IF-WS2 oxide coatings in combination with the polymer composite. It was found that resin fillers such as cotton fibers, jute fibers, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) or ...

The paper presents the technology and basic properties of three compositions of lead-free ceramic... more The paper presents the technology and basic properties of three compositions of lead-free ceramics: (i) (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04) NbO 3 , (ii) (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04)NbO 3 +0.5%mol Nd 2 O 3 and (iii) (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04)NbO 3 +0.5%mol Pr 2 O 3. Powders of the designed compositions based on KNLN were obtained with the classic ceramic technology, as a result of solid phase synthesis, from a mixture of simple oxides and carbonates. The synthesis of ceramic powders was carried out at T s = 900°C for t s = 4 h, while compaction by free sintering at T sint = 1100°C for t sint = 2 h. XRD studies have shown that doping with praseodymium and neodymium promotes the formation of the tetragonal phase in the base composition (K 0.44 Na 0.52 Li 0.04)NbO 3 at lower temperatures. On the other hand, microstructural tests have shown that the admixture of neodymium and praseodymium improves the sinterability of ceramic samples during the technological process; however, the ceramic samples still exhibit high porosity.

The work three ceramic compositions based on PbZr 0.49 Ti 0.51 O 3 doped with manganese (Mn), ant... more The work three ceramic compositions based on PbZr 0.49 Ti 0.51 O 3 doped with manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), lanthanum (La) and tungsten (W) were obtained. The introduction of a set of admixtures was aimed at improving the sinterability of ceramic materials and optimizing its electrophysical parameters. Multi-component materials of the PZT-type with a general formula: Pb(Zr 0.49 Ti 0.51) 0.94 Mn 0.021 Sb 0.016 La y W z O 3 (where y from 0.008 to 0.012 and z from 0.012 to 0.014) were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. After mixing and drying the powder mixtures were calcined in air at 850°C for 4 h, while densification of the powders was carried out by the free sintering method at 1150°C for 2 h. The final steps of technology were grinding, polishing, annealing and putting silver paste electrodes onto both surfaces of the samples for electrical testing. XRD, SEM, EDS, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties and DC electrical conductivity of the obtained ceramic compositions were carried out. X-ray tests of the crystal structure conducted at room temperature have shown that all obtained the PZT-type materials were a single phase (perovskite type) without the presence of a foreign phase. Symmetry of the crystal lattice was identified as space group P4mm. Temperature dielectric studies have shown high values of dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss. The presented physical properties of ceramic samples based on PZT confirm their predisposition for application in modern microelectronic and micromechatronic applications.

In this paper, ferroelectric–ferrimagnetic ceramic composites based on multicomponent PZT-type (P... more In this paper, ferroelectric–ferrimagnetic ceramic composites based on multicomponent PZT-type (PbZr1−xTixO3-type) material and ferrite material with different percentages in composite compositions were obtained and studied. The ferroelectric component of the composite was a perovskite ceramic material with the chemical formula Pb0.97Bi0.02(Zr0.51Ti0.49)0.98(Nb2/3Mn1/3)0.02O3 (P), whereas the magnetic component was nickel-zinc ferrite with the chemical formula Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (F). The process of sintering the composite compounds was carried out by the free sintering method. Six ferroelectric-ferrimagnetic ceramic P-F composite compounds were designed and obtained with different percentages of its components, i.e., 90/10 (P90-F10), 85/15 (P85-F15), 80/20 (P80-F20), 60/40 (P60-F40), 40/60 (P40-F60), and 20/80 (P20-F80). X-ray diffraction patterns, microstructural, ferroelectric, dielectric, magnetic properties, and DC electrical conductivity of the composite materials were investigate...

Ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites based on ferroelectromagnetic PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 powder and fe... more Ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites based on ferroelectromagnetic PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 powder and ferrite powder (zinc-nickel ferrite-NiZnFe and zinc-manganese ferrite-MnZnFe) were obtained in the presented study. The volume fraction of ferroelectromagnetic powder in the composite PFN-MnZnFe was equal to 90%, while the ferrite powder fraction was 10%. Synthesis of the components of the ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite was done by the powder calcination method. Final densification was done by the pressureless sintering method. On the obtained ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites, XRD investigations were performed as well as investigations of the microstructure, EDS, dielectric, magnetic, internal friction and electrical hysteresis loop. The results of these investigations have shown that the combination of ferroelectromagnetic PFN with magnetic ferrite caused an increase in the value of the dielectric permittivity of the composite. Therefore, the addition of the ferrite (Ni1-xZnx...

This paper presents the results of preparing and investigating the solid solutions of the formula... more This paper presents the results of preparing and investigating the solid solutions of the formulae (Pb1-xLax)(Zr1-yTiy)O3, where x = 0.03 or 0.06, y = 0.9, (PLZT) and (Pb1-xLax)[(Zr1-yTiy)1-zSnz]O3, where x = 0.04, y = 0.9, z = 0.02, 0.04, 0,06, 0,08, (PLZTS). These materials belong to perovskite type oxygen octahedral compounds. The investigated ceramic samples were obtained by using the classical ceramic technology, utilizing oxides. The results of investigations of the microstructure, dielectric permittivity and P-E hysteresis loops are presented. In the case of PLZT 3/90/10 it has been stated that this material exhibits well deo ned antiferroelectric properties at room temperature. In the case of PLZTS it has been stated that there is rather weak dependency between the Tm temperature, at which the dielectric permittivity reaches its maximum value, and PbSnO3-content. Analysing the H(E) relationship, which was obtained as the derivative of the P-E curve, it has been stated that P...

Materials, Apr 24, 2020

This work shows the influence of admixture on the basic properties of the multicomponent PbZr 1−x... more This work shows the influence of admixture on the basic properties of the multicomponent PbZr 1−x Ti x O 3 (PZT)-type ceramics. It presents the results of four compositions of PZT-type material with the general chemical formula, Pb 0.99 M 0.01 ((Zr 0.49 Ti 0.51) 0.95 Mn 0.021 Sb 0.016 W 0.013) 0.9975 O 3 , where, in the M position, a donor admixture was introduced, i.e., samarium (Sm 3+), gadolinium (Gd 3+), dysprosium (Dy 3+) or lanthanum (La 3+). The compositions of the PZT-type ceramics were obtained through the classic ceramic method, as a result of the synthesis of simple oxides. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern studies showed that the obtained multicomponent PZT materials have a tetragonal structure with a P4mm point group. The microstructure of the obtained compositions is characterized by a well crystallized grain, with clearly visible grain boundaries. The composition with the admixture of lanthanum has the highest uniformity of fine grain microstructure, which positively affects its final dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In the multicomponent PZT-type ceramic, materials utilize the mixed (acceptor and donor) doping of the main compound. This dopiong method has a positive effect on the set of the electrophysical parameters of ceramic materials. Donor dopants W 6+ (at positions B) and M 3+ = Sm 3+ , Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , and La 3+ (at positions A) increase the dielectric and piezoelectric properties, while the acceptor dopant Sb 3+ (at positions B) increases the time and temperature stability of the electrophysical parameters. In addition, the suitable selection of the set of admixtures improved the sinterability of the ceramic samples, as well as resulted in obtaining the required material with good piezoelectric parameters for the poling process. This research confirms that all ceramic compositions have a set of parameters suitable for applications in micromechatronics, for example, as actuators, piezoelectric transducers, and precision microswitches.

Materials

Ferroelectromagnetic composites based on (1−x)PMN-(x)PT (PMN-PT) powder and Ni-Zn ferrite powder ... more Ferroelectromagnetic composites based on (1−x)PMN-(x)PT (PMN-PT) powder and Ni-Zn ferrite powder were obtained and are described in this work. As a ferroelectric component, we used (1−x)PMN-(x)PT solid solution (with x = 0.25, 0.28, 0.31, 0.34, 0.37, 0.40), synthesized using the sol-gel method. As a magnetic component, we used nickel-zinc ferrite, obtained using classic ceramic technology. The six compositions of PMN-PT used have rhombohedral symmetry, tetragonal one and mixture of these phases (morphotropic phase area), depending on x. The final ceramic composite samples were obtained using the classic methods involving the calcination route and pressureless final sintering (densification). The properties of the obtained ceramic composite samples were investigated, including microstructure SEM (scanning electron microscope), dielectric properties, electromechanical properties, and DC (Direct Current) electrical conductivity. Results showed that the microstructures of the PP-F compo...

Phase Transitions

ABSTRACT The preparation of high-density lead-free potassium-bismuth titanate K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 about... more ABSTRACT The preparation of high-density lead-free potassium-bismuth titanate K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 about 96–98% of the calculated density (X-ray), confirmed by the Archimedes method, is presented. All stages of the technological process are explained in detail. The control of microstructure was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structure and phase content of samples were determined by X-ray diffraction at each stage of sintering. Four types of samples were obtained under various technological conditions. The ultrasonic measurements of the obtained samples were carried out and basic parameters were determined, such as Young and Kirchoff modulus and Poisson’s ratio were determined at room temperature. The dielectric measurements show that the maximum value of dielectric permittivity is shifted towards higher temperatures as the frequency increases. This feature is characteristic of ferroelectric relaxor materials. The presented materials can be a good starting point for the development of lead-free ceramics.

Materials

In this work, PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 (PFN) ceramic samples synthesized by chemically wet method (precipit... more In this work, PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 (PFN) ceramic samples synthesized by chemically wet method (precipitation from the solution) were obtained. Due to the tendency to form powder agglomerates, the synthesized powder was subjected to ultrasound. The sintering was carried out under various technological conditions, mainly through controlling the sintering temperature. -X-ray powder-diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) microstructure analysis, as well as the examinations of dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of the PFN ceramics were carried out. Studies have shown that hard ceramic agglomerates can be partially minimized by ultrasound. Due to this treatment, closed porosity decreases, and the ceramic samples have a higher density. Optimization and improvement of the technological process of the PFN material extends the possibility of its use for the preparation of multiferroic composites or multicomponent solid solutions based on PFN. Such materials with funct...

Symmetry

The paper presents the technology of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic ceramic composites obtained from... more The paper presents the technology of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic ceramic composites obtained from PLZT powder (the chemical formula Pb 0.98 La 0.02 (Zr 0.90 Ti 0.10) 0.995 O 3) and ferrite powder (Ni 0.64 Zn 0.36 Fe 2 O 4), as well as the results of X-ray powder-diffraction data (XRD) measurement, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of the composite samples. The ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite (P-F) was obtained by mixing and the synthesis of 90% of PLZT and 10% of ferrite powders. The XRD test of the P-F composite shows a two-phase structure derived from the PLZT component (strong peaks) and the ferrite component (weak peaks). The symmetry of PLZT was identified as a rhombohedral ferroelectric phase, while the ferrite was identified as a spinel structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) microstructure analysis of the P-F ceramic composites showed that fine grains of the PLZT component surrounded large ferrite grains. At room temperature P-F composites exhibit both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. The P-F composite samples have lower values of the maximum dielectric permittivity at the Curie temperature and a higher dielectric loss compared to the PLZT ceramics, however, the exhibit overall good multiferroic properties.

Integrated Ferroelectrics

ABSTRACT The ceramic samples of solid solution (1-x)[0.5(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3)-0.5(PbFe2/3W1/3O3)]-x(... more ABSTRACT The ceramic samples of solid solution (1-x)[0.5(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3)-0.5(PbFe2/3W1/3O3)]-x(PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3) [i.e. (1-x)(0.5PZT-0.5PFW)-xPFN] with x = 0; 0.1; 0.2 have been obtained by conventional ceramic technology using the free sintering (FS) method from PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, WO3 and Nb2O5 oxides. Basing on the literature data for individual components, it can be expected that this material ought to have interesting multiferroic properties. The presented work is the first step in obtaining and investigating this solid solution. In the presented paper, the technology and the results of investigations of EDS, XRD, the microstructure of fractured samples, dielectric permittivity v.s. temperature, and d.c. electric conductivity are presented.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

In the paper two compositions of the multi-component PZT-type ceramics admixtures by Mn

The European Physical Journal B, 2016

The aim of the work was to determine the phenomena of internal friction (mechanical losses) occur... more The aim of the work was to determine the phenomena of internal friction (mechanical losses) occurring in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites created based on PZT-type ferroelectric powder and ferrite. The composites were obtained using ceramic powders-multi-component PZT-type solid solutions with ferroelectric properties. Their magnetic component included zinc-nickel powder Ni0.64Zn0.36Fe2O4. 30 × 10 × 1 mm 3 test specimens were obtained using free sintering. Temperature Q −1 (T) and amplitude Q −1 (ε) internal friction dependencies were determined. Wide high temperature maxima were observed with regard to the internal friction temperature dependencies obtained for the tested specimens. The conducted measurements of amplitude (isothermal) dependencies of internal friction Q −1 (ε) for the tested composites have allowed for interpreting the previously observed maximum on the temperature dependencies of internal friction.

Materials Science-Poland, 2015

In this paper we present the results of investigations into ceramic samples of solid solution (1-... more In this paper we present the results of investigations into ceramic samples of solid solution (1-x)(PbZr

Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2013

Characterization of energy conversion of multiferroic materials is concerned with multifunctional... more Characterization of energy conversion of multiferroic materials is concerned with multifunctional properties of materials, a topic that is fascinating from the scientific point of view and important for the modern technology. The complex characterization of multiferroic structures suffers at present from lack of a systematic experimental approach and deficiency of multifunctional magnetoelectric properties testing capabilities. Compactness and high frequency energy conversion capacity are the main reasons of invention and improvement of sophisticated materials which are prepared for high-speed computer memories and broadband transducer devices. As a consequence, one can easily notice an intense search for new materials for generation, transformation and amplification of magnetic and electric energies. In this scenario, the combination of excellent piezoelectric and magnetic properties makes lead iron niobate Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PFN) an attractive host material for application in integ...

Methods for increasing thermal stability of the resonance frequency f r of the PZT-based piezocer... more Methods for increasing thermal stability of the resonance frequency f r of the PZT-based piezoceramic resonators are shown. An influence of ( x )PbTiO 3 content and an effect of doping ions on j f r / f r in the PZT solid solution has been considered. Correlation between qualities of the domain structure, spontaneous deformation parameters i T ,

Journal of Electroceramics, 2010

Materials, 2020

Materials, Apr 24, 2020

Materials

Phase Transitions

Materials

Symmetry

Integrated Ferroelectrics

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

In the paper two compositions of the multi-component PZT-type ceramics admixtures by Mn

The European Physical Journal B, 2016

Materials Science-Poland, 2015

Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2013