David Chan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by David Chan
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2005
For many decades, the focus of personnel selection research was on developing selection tests tha... more For many decades, the focus of personnel selection research was on developing selection tests that maximized prediction of job performance; the approach was typically lacking in theoretical bases. The past two decades saw significant shifts in research to a focus on the nature of constructs and their interrelationships, characterized by an approach that emphasizes theoretical understanding of the phenomena under investigation. This article provides an overview of how a construct-oriented approach underlies major current directions in scientific research on personnel selection. Emerging trends that are likely to constitute issues of enduring importance are discussed.
Organizational Research Methods, 2010
A panel of experts describes the nature of, and remedies for, method variance. In an attempt to h... more A panel of experts describes the nature of, and remedies for, method variance. In an attempt to help the reader understand the nature of method variance, the authors describe their experiences with method variance both on the giving and the receiving ends of the editorial review process, as well as their interpretation of other reviewers’ comments. They then describe methods of data analysis and research design, which have been used for detecting and eliminating the effects of method variance. Most methods have some utility, but none prevent the researcher from making faulty inferences. The authors conclude with suggestions for resolving disputes about method variance.
Journal of Business and Psychology, 1999
The present study is an attempt to devise reliable and valid measures of job-relevant basic Engli... more The present study is an attempt to devise reliable and valid measures of job-relevant basic English proficiency to be applied in the prediction of job performance and promotability in an entry-level manual labor job dominated by workers whose native language is not English. An audio test and a reading test were developed to assess the ability to understand spoken English
Journal of Applied Psychology, 1998
Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at differen... more Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971; K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978; D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of the typology are discussed. Organizational phenomena have the properties of dynamic systems, with critical antecedents, processes, and outcomes conceptualized and measured at multiple levels of organizational analysis (e.g., individual, group, organization). Because more researchers are beginning to realize that the organizational phenomenon under investigation often is inherently multilevel as opposed to occurring at a single level or in a level vacuum, organizational studies increasingly are adopting a multilevel approach. Several influential theoretical frameworks for multilevel research have been proposed (
Enabling Positive Attitudes and Experiences in Singapore, 2016
The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Climate and Culture, 2014
Hodgkinson/International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2011, 2011
In industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology, we are often interested in systematic intra-in... more In industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology, we are often interested in systematic intra-individual changes in job performance (e.g., task performance, contextual performance) or work attitudes (e.g., organizational commitment, withdrawal behaviors). Indeed, many research areas are explicitly about the intra-individual changes and processes that unfold in various ways over time (e.g., learning and skill acquisition, newcomer socialization). Consistent with the focus on these intra-individual change phenomena, the past two decades of the I/O psychology literature has seen a sustained interest in conceptual and methodologic issues relating to the longitudinal assessment of various facets of changes over time (e.g.
Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2002
Conceptually, the phenomena of interest in many organizational research questions are in fact abo... more Conceptually, the phenomena of interest in many organizational research questions are in fact about changes and processes that unfold in various ways over time. Unfortunately, longitudinal studies that explicitly assess change over time is generally lacking in organizational research and virtually absent in cross-cultural organizational research. The large majority of the literature on cross-cultural measurement in organizational research is focused
The Psychology Research Handbook: A Guide for Graduate Students and Research Assistants, 2006
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2000
Personnel Selection Research Importance, Research Designs and Examples Developing Theories of KSA... more Personnel Selection Research Importance, Research Designs and Examples Developing Theories of KSAO-Performance Relationships The Role of Job Analysis The Nature of Work Performance and Its Measurement General Theories of Human Characteristics and KSAO-Performance Relationships The Measurement of Job-Related Characteristics Estimating KSAO-Performance Relationships Implementation and Use of Theory-Based Research The Changing Nature of Work and Implications for Research on KSAO-Performance Relationships Programmatic Research and Theory Development The Future
Social Indicators Research, 2014
ABSTRACT Growing interest in the measurement of subjective well-being (SWB) has also been accompa... more ABSTRACT Growing interest in the measurement of subjective well-being (SWB) has also been accompanied by scientific debate on the optimal method for measuring SWB. The momentary perspective, which is represented by the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and day reconstruction method (DRM), emphasizes the momentary experiences and aims to measure SWB in an objective manner via the aggregation of happiness levels over time and activities. The global reporting perspective emphasizes the subjective evaluation of life experiences and aims to capture the overall evaluation using retrospection or global evaluations. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these different perspectives and methods by examining conceptual, methodological, and practical issues. We propose adopting a multi-method assessment approach to SWB that uses both perspectives and the corresponding methods in a theory-driven and complementary manner. For the purposes of measuring and tracking SWB of societies, we also call for more research on the reliability and validity of EMA and DRM.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 1999
... Ann Marie Ryan email the author, Michigan State University. ... distinguish procedural justic... more ... Ann Marie Ryan email the author, Michigan State University. ... distinguish procedural justice or the perceived fairness of the method used to make decisions, and distributive justice, the perceived fairness of the outcome of the decision (Greenberg, 1990; Lind & Tyler, 1988). ...
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2000
Multivariate latent growth modeling was used to conceptualize and analyze intraindividual changes... more Multivariate latent growth modeling was used to conceptualize and analyze intraindividual changes in children's social skills and interindividual differences in these changes in home and school settings. Parent and teacher ratings assessing children's social skills at home ...
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2000
This article demonstrates how Sörbom's (1974) mean and covariance structure ... more This article demonstrates how Sörbom's (1974) mean and covariance structure analysis (MACS) model can be used to detect uniform and non-uniform differential item functioning (DIF) on polytomous ordered response items that are assumed to approximate a ...
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 1996
This study is an attempt in assessment centre research to apply both criterion and construct vali... more This study is an attempt in assessment centre research to apply both criterion and construct validation strategies to a single sample and examine, simultaneously, a relatively comprehensive set of variables including assessor ratings, psychological test measures, supervisory ratings of job performance and actual promotions, hence allowing more direct comparisons of a variety of validities and explorations of previously unexamined issues. Results showed a lack of both internal construct validity as demonstrated by multitrait-mulcimethod analyses and factor analysis and external construct validity when placed in a nomological network of constructs independent of the centre. Assessment centre ratings were found to be predictive of subsequent promotion (r = .59, p < ,001) but not of concurrent supervisory ratings of performance (r = .Oh, n.s.). Logistic regression analyses showed that assessment centre ratings produced a significant and substantial increment in validity in predicting promotion over and above current supervisory ratings of job performance (Ax'(1) = 2 0. 0 6 ,~ < ,001). which is an important relationship that has not been previously examined. Implications of these findings for the nature ofconstructs in assessment centres and future research are discussed in the context of Klimoski & Brickner's (1987) 'performance consistency' explanation and 'subtle' criterion contamination explanation as to why assessment centres work.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2005
For many decades, the focus of personnel selection research was on developing selection tests tha... more For many decades, the focus of personnel selection research was on developing selection tests that maximized prediction of job performance; the approach was typically lacking in theoretical bases. The past two decades saw significant shifts in research to a focus on the nature of constructs and their interrelationships, characterized by an approach that emphasizes theoretical understanding of the phenomena under investigation. This article provides an overview of how a construct-oriented approach underlies major current directions in scientific research on personnel selection. Emerging trends that are likely to constitute issues of enduring importance are discussed.
Organizational Research Methods, 2010
A panel of experts describes the nature of, and remedies for, method variance. In an attempt to h... more A panel of experts describes the nature of, and remedies for, method variance. In an attempt to help the reader understand the nature of method variance, the authors describe their experiences with method variance both on the giving and the receiving ends of the editorial review process, as well as their interpretation of other reviewers’ comments. They then describe methods of data analysis and research design, which have been used for detecting and eliminating the effects of method variance. Most methods have some utility, but none prevent the researcher from making faulty inferences. The authors conclude with suggestions for resolving disputes about method variance.
Journal of Business and Psychology, 1999
The present study is an attempt to devise reliable and valid measures of job-relevant basic Engli... more The present study is an attempt to devise reliable and valid measures of job-relevant basic English proficiency to be applied in the prediction of job performance and promotability in an entry-level manual labor job dominated by workers whose native language is not English. An audio test and a reading test were developed to assess the ability to understand spoken English
Journal of Applied Psychology, 1998
Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at differen... more Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971; K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978; D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of the typology are discussed. Organizational phenomena have the properties of dynamic systems, with critical antecedents, processes, and outcomes conceptualized and measured at multiple levels of organizational analysis (e.g., individual, group, organization). Because more researchers are beginning to realize that the organizational phenomenon under investigation often is inherently multilevel as opposed to occurring at a single level or in a level vacuum, organizational studies increasingly are adopting a multilevel approach. Several influential theoretical frameworks for multilevel research have been proposed (
Enabling Positive Attitudes and Experiences in Singapore, 2016
The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Climate and Culture, 2014
Hodgkinson/International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2011, 2011
In industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology, we are often interested in systematic intra-in... more In industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology, we are often interested in systematic intra-individual changes in job performance (e.g., task performance, contextual performance) or work attitudes (e.g., organizational commitment, withdrawal behaviors). Indeed, many research areas are explicitly about the intra-individual changes and processes that unfold in various ways over time (e.g., learning and skill acquisition, newcomer socialization). Consistent with the focus on these intra-individual change phenomena, the past two decades of the I/O psychology literature has seen a sustained interest in conceptual and methodologic issues relating to the longitudinal assessment of various facets of changes over time (e.g.
Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2002
Conceptually, the phenomena of interest in many organizational research questions are in fact abo... more Conceptually, the phenomena of interest in many organizational research questions are in fact about changes and processes that unfold in various ways over time. Unfortunately, longitudinal studies that explicitly assess change over time is generally lacking in organizational research and virtually absent in cross-cultural organizational research. The large majority of the literature on cross-cultural measurement in organizational research is focused
The Psychology Research Handbook: A Guide for Graduate Students and Research Assistants, 2006
Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O, 2000
Personnel Selection Research Importance, Research Designs and Examples Developing Theories of KSA... more Personnel Selection Research Importance, Research Designs and Examples Developing Theories of KSAO-Performance Relationships The Role of Job Analysis The Nature of Work Performance and Its Measurement General Theories of Human Characteristics and KSAO-Performance Relationships The Measurement of Job-Related Characteristics Estimating KSAO-Performance Relationships Implementation and Use of Theory-Based Research The Changing Nature of Work and Implications for Research on KSAO-Performance Relationships Programmatic Research and Theory Development The Future
Social Indicators Research, 2014
ABSTRACT Growing interest in the measurement of subjective well-being (SWB) has also been accompa... more ABSTRACT Growing interest in the measurement of subjective well-being (SWB) has also been accompanied by scientific debate on the optimal method for measuring SWB. The momentary perspective, which is represented by the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and day reconstruction method (DRM), emphasizes the momentary experiences and aims to measure SWB in an objective manner via the aggregation of happiness levels over time and activities. The global reporting perspective emphasizes the subjective evaluation of life experiences and aims to capture the overall evaluation using retrospection or global evaluations. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these different perspectives and methods by examining conceptual, methodological, and practical issues. We propose adopting a multi-method assessment approach to SWB that uses both perspectives and the corresponding methods in a theory-driven and complementary manner. For the purposes of measuring and tracking SWB of societies, we also call for more research on the reliability and validity of EMA and DRM.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 1999
... Ann Marie Ryan email the author, Michigan State University. ... distinguish procedural justic... more ... Ann Marie Ryan email the author, Michigan State University. ... distinguish procedural justice or the perceived fairness of the method used to make decisions, and distributive justice, the perceived fairness of the outcome of the decision (Greenberg, 1990; Lind & Tyler, 1988). ...
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2000
Multivariate latent growth modeling was used to conceptualize and analyze intraindividual changes... more Multivariate latent growth modeling was used to conceptualize and analyze intraindividual changes in children's social skills and interindividual differences in these changes in home and school settings. Parent and teacher ratings assessing children's social skills at home ...
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2000
This article demonstrates how Sörbom&amp;amp;#x27;s (1974) mean and covariance structure ... more This article demonstrates how Sörbom&amp;amp;#x27;s (1974) mean and covariance structure analysis (MACS) model can be used to detect uniform and non-uniform differential item functioning (DIF) on polytomous ordered response items that are assumed to approximate a ...
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 1996
This study is an attempt in assessment centre research to apply both criterion and construct vali... more This study is an attempt in assessment centre research to apply both criterion and construct validation strategies to a single sample and examine, simultaneously, a relatively comprehensive set of variables including assessor ratings, psychological test measures, supervisory ratings of job performance and actual promotions, hence allowing more direct comparisons of a variety of validities and explorations of previously unexamined issues. Results showed a lack of both internal construct validity as demonstrated by multitrait-mulcimethod analyses and factor analysis and external construct validity when placed in a nomological network of constructs independent of the centre. Assessment centre ratings were found to be predictive of subsequent promotion (r = .59, p < ,001) but not of concurrent supervisory ratings of performance (r = .Oh, n.s.). Logistic regression analyses showed that assessment centre ratings produced a significant and substantial increment in validity in predicting promotion over and above current supervisory ratings of job performance (Ax'(1) = 2 0. 0 6 ,~ < ,001). which is an important relationship that has not been previously examined. Implications of these findings for the nature ofconstructs in assessment centres and future research are discussed in the context of Klimoski & Brickner's (1987) 'performance consistency' explanation and 'subtle' criterion contamination explanation as to why assessment centres work.