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Papers by David Eslinger

Research paper thumbnail of Ecosystem controls of juvenile pink salmon ( Onchorynchus gorbuscha ) and Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries Oceanography, 2001

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Research paper thumbnail of Empirical orthogonal function analysis of cloud-containing coastal zone color scanner images of northeastern North American coastal waters

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were performed on 36 coastal zone color scanner (CZC... more Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were performed on 36 coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) images of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine taken from February 28, 1979, through July 9, 1979. The EOF procedure was modified to allow images with significant portions of data missing because of clouds to be included in the analysis. Analyses performed both with the temporal and with the spatial means removed from the data produced similar results. A strong gradient existed in the temporal mean from high pigment concentrations nearshore to much lower pigment concentrations offshore. The first mode of the temporally averaged analysis explained 21.5% of the variance and showed a south-to-north pattern corresponding to an April Mid-Atlantic Bight bloom and a June bloom over Nantucket Shoals and Platts Bank. The second temporally averaged mode explained 18.3% of the variance and corresponded to a shelf-wide phytoplankton bloom that resulted in increased pigment concentrations through the spring. The first mode of the spatially averaged analysis explained 59.1% of the variance and had a pattern similar to the temporal mean. The second mode explained an additional 13.2% of the variance and was almost identical to the first mode in the temporally averaged analysis. The inclusion of cloud-containing images introduced some small-scale spatial noise into the EOF analyses. However, the inclusion of these images in the EOF analysis allowed postanalysis image reconstruction that provided estimates of pigment concentrations beneath the clouds.

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Research paper thumbnail of Ecosystem controls of juvenile pink salmon ( Onchorynchus gorbuscha ) and Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries Oceanography, 2001

Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level mec... more Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level mechanisms influencing the mortality of juvenile pink salmon and Pacific herring. Both species are prey for other fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals in Prince William Sound. We identified critical time-space linkages between the juvenile stages of pink salmon and herring rearing in shallow-water nursery areas and seasonally varying ocean state, the availability of appropriate zooplankton forage, and the kinds and numbers of predators. These relationships defined unique habitat dependencies for juveniles whose survivals were strongly linked to growth rates, energy reserves, and seasonal trophic sheltering from predators. We found that juvenile herring were subject to substantial starvation losses during a winter period of plankton diminishment, and that predation on juvenile pink salmon was closely linked to the availability of alternative prey for fish and bird predators. Our collaborative study further revealed that juvenile pink salmon and age-0 herring exploit very different portions of the annual production cycle. Juvenile pink salmon targeted the cool-water, early spring plankton bloom dominated by diatoms and large calanoid copepods, whereas young-of-the-year juvenile herring were dependent on warmer conditions occurring later in the postbloom summer and fall when zooplankton was composed of smaller calanoids and a diversity of other taxa. The synopsis of our studies presented in this volume speaks to contemporary issues facing investigators of fish ecosystems, including juvenile fishes, and offers new insight into problems of bottom-up and top-down control. In aggregate, our results point to the importance of seeking mechanistic rather than correlative understandings of complex natural systems.

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Research paper thumbnail of The effects of convective and wind-driven mixing on springtime phytoplankton dynamics as simulated by a mixed-layer model

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Research paper thumbnail of Airborne detection of ecosystem responses to an extreme event: Phytoplankton displacement and abundance after hurricane induced flooding in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina

Estuaries, 2003

Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide c... more Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide changes in the distribution and concentration of chlorophyll biomass and colored dissolved organic matter in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina, U.S., following massive flooding caused by a series of three hurricanes in the late summer of 1999. These high-resolution data provided a significantly more detailed representation of the overall changes occurring in the system than could have been achieved by synoptic sampling from any other platform. The response time for the distribution of chlorophyll biomass to resume pre-flood conditions was used as a measure of ecosystem stability. Chlorophyll biomass patterns were reestablished within four mo of the flooding, whereas higher chlorophylla biomass concentrations persisted for approximately 6 mo. The primary trophic level in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system returned to equilibrium in less than a year of a major perturbation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Parameter sensitivity study of the NEMURO lower trophic level marine ecosystem model

Ecological …, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of dimethyl sulfide ocean mixing, biological production, and sea-to-air flux for high latitudes

Journal of geophysical research, 2000

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Research paper thumbnail of Aircraft laser altimetry for coastal process studies

Coastal Sediments ( …, 1999

Aircraft Laser Altimetry for Coastal Process Studies. John Brock, Asbury Sallenger, William Krabi... more Aircraft Laser Altimetry for Coastal Process Studies. John Brock, Asbury Sallenger, William Krabill, Robert Swift, Serdar Manizade, Andrew Meredith, Mark Jansen, David Eslinger Coastal Sediments (1999), 2414-2428, ASCE. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of AN EVALUATION OF HURRICANE-INDUCED EROSION ALONG THE NORTH CAROLINA COAST USING AIRBORNE LIDAR SURVEYS

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Research paper thumbnail of The effects of convective and wind-driven mixing on spring phytoplankton dynamics in the Southeastern Bering Sea middle shelf domain

Continental Shelf Research, 2001

Spring phytoplankton bloom conditions for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf were simulated with a... more Spring phytoplankton bloom conditions for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf were simulated with a coupled phytoplankton-nutrient-detritus model that received input from a physical mixed-layer model. The models captured the essential features of chlorophyll, dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration, and temperature fields during the spring bloom onset and progression in 1980 and 1981. In contrast to critical depth theory, the occurrence of a shallow mixed-layer depth and a period of low wind speed were not sufficient to trigger the spring bloom. In both years, the spring bloom onset occurred in response to the cessation of convective mixing during a period of increasing atmospheric temperature and decreasing wind speed. Differences between 1980 and 1981 post-spring-bloom characteristics, however, resulted from differences in water column stability, and wind speed variability and magnitude through time. Those factors affected the vertical distributions of nitrogen and chlorophyll, and, therefore, phytoplankton growth rate. A high degree of model accuracy was indicated by low average RMSE values for euphotic zone model variable values compared to data. This was a consequence of the dominant role that meteorological forcing had on variable fields and processes during spring 1980 and 1981, and the application of a physical model that was specifically designed to model vertical mixing processes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Cloud-Containing Coastal Zone Color Scanner Images of Northeastern North American Coastal Waters

Journal of Geophysical …, 1989

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Research paper thumbnail of Numerical simulations of the seasonal circulation patterns and thermohaline structures of Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries …, 2001

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Research paper thumbnail of A bioenergetics-based population dynamics model of Pacific herring ( Clupea harengus pallasi) coupled to a lower trophic level nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton model: Description, calibration, and sensitivity analysis

Ecological Modelling, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of NEMURO—a lower trophic level model for the North Pacific marine ecosystem

Ecological …, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Plankton dynamics: observed and modelled responses to physical conditions in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries …, 2001

Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and l... more Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and longer-period variability in composition and standing stock in response to physically influenced differences in nutrient availability, and possibly currents that modify local biomass by exchanges with water from the bordering Gulf of Alaska. During springs in which early, strong physical stratification developed, intense, short-lived phytoplankton blooms occurred. These blooms had relatively short residence times in the water column. In contrast, during springs in which slower, weaker stratification developed, phytoplankton blooms were prolonged and took longer to peak. These slower blooms prolonged the period of phytoplankton production, prolonged interaction with the springtime grazing community and led to the incorporation of more organic matter into pelagic food webs. A coupled biological-physical simulation of plankton production was used to examine the implications of seasonally varying air and mixed-layer temperatures, surface winds and incident light on the timing, duration, annual production and standing stock of plankton. Our modelling results reproduced the observed characteristics of the springtime production cycle, and the magnitude of zooplankton stocks for the period 1992–97 but not for 1981–91. These results suggest that for most of the 1990s, bottom-up influences on nutrient supplies controlled levels of primary consumers, whereas for the 11 years before that, other unknown factors dominated this process. We present the results of a comprehensive, multiyear study of relationships between plankton and physical limitations, and a retrospective analysis of earlier conditions to explore the possible causes for these differences.

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Research paper thumbnail of Ecosystem controls of juvenile pink salmon ( Onchorynchus gorbuscha ) and Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries Oceanography, 2001

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Empirical orthogonal function analysis of cloud-containing coastal zone color scanner images of northeastern North American coastal waters

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were performed on 36 coastal zone color scanner (CZC... more Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were performed on 36 coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) images of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine taken from February 28, 1979, through July 9, 1979. The EOF procedure was modified to allow images with significant portions of data missing because of clouds to be included in the analysis. Analyses performed both with the temporal and with the spatial means removed from the data produced similar results. A strong gradient existed in the temporal mean from high pigment concentrations nearshore to much lower pigment concentrations offshore. The first mode of the temporally averaged analysis explained 21.5% of the variance and showed a south-to-north pattern corresponding to an April Mid-Atlantic Bight bloom and a June bloom over Nantucket Shoals and Platts Bank. The second temporally averaged mode explained 18.3% of the variance and corresponded to a shelf-wide phytoplankton bloom that resulted in increased pigment concentrations through the spring. The first mode of the spatially averaged analysis explained 59.1% of the variance and had a pattern similar to the temporal mean. The second mode explained an additional 13.2% of the variance and was almost identical to the first mode in the temporally averaged analysis. The inclusion of cloud-containing images introduced some small-scale spatial noise into the EOF analyses. However, the inclusion of these images in the EOF analysis allowed postanalysis image reconstruction that provided estimates of pigment concentrations beneath the clouds.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Ecosystem controls of juvenile pink salmon ( Onchorynchus gorbuscha ) and Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries Oceanography, 2001

Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level mec... more Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level mechanisms influencing the mortality of juvenile pink salmon and Pacific herring. Both species are prey for other fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals in Prince William Sound. We identified critical time-space linkages between the juvenile stages of pink salmon and herring rearing in shallow-water nursery areas and seasonally varying ocean state, the availability of appropriate zooplankton forage, and the kinds and numbers of predators. These relationships defined unique habitat dependencies for juveniles whose survivals were strongly linked to growth rates, energy reserves, and seasonal trophic sheltering from predators. We found that juvenile herring were subject to substantial starvation losses during a winter period of plankton diminishment, and that predation on juvenile pink salmon was closely linked to the availability of alternative prey for fish and bird predators. Our collaborative study further revealed that juvenile pink salmon and age-0 herring exploit very different portions of the annual production cycle. Juvenile pink salmon targeted the cool-water, early spring plankton bloom dominated by diatoms and large calanoid copepods, whereas young-of-the-year juvenile herring were dependent on warmer conditions occurring later in the postbloom summer and fall when zooplankton was composed of smaller calanoids and a diversity of other taxa. The synopsis of our studies presented in this volume speaks to contemporary issues facing investigators of fish ecosystems, including juvenile fishes, and offers new insight into problems of bottom-up and top-down control. In aggregate, our results point to the importance of seeking mechanistic rather than correlative understandings of complex natural systems.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of convective and wind-driven mixing on springtime phytoplankton dynamics as simulated by a mixed-layer model

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Airborne detection of ecosystem responses to an extreme event: Phytoplankton displacement and abundance after hurricane induced flooding in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina

Estuaries, 2003

Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide c... more Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide changes in the distribution and concentration of chlorophyll biomass and colored dissolved organic matter in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina, U.S., following massive flooding caused by a series of three hurricanes in the late summer of 1999. These high-resolution data provided a significantly more detailed representation of the overall changes occurring in the system than could have been achieved by synoptic sampling from any other platform. The response time for the distribution of chlorophyll biomass to resume pre-flood conditions was used as a measure of ecosystem stability. Chlorophyll biomass patterns were reestablished within four mo of the flooding, whereas higher chlorophylla biomass concentrations persisted for approximately 6 mo. The primary trophic level in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system returned to equilibrium in less than a year of a major perturbation.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Parameter sensitivity study of the NEMURO lower trophic level marine ecosystem model

Ecological …, 2007

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Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of dimethyl sulfide ocean mixing, biological production, and sea-to-air flux for high latitudes

Journal of geophysical research, 2000

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Aircraft laser altimetry for coastal process studies

Coastal Sediments ( …, 1999

Aircraft Laser Altimetry for Coastal Process Studies. John Brock, Asbury Sallenger, William Krabi... more Aircraft Laser Altimetry for Coastal Process Studies. John Brock, Asbury Sallenger, William Krabill, Robert Swift, Serdar Manizade, Andrew Meredith, Mark Jansen, David Eslinger Coastal Sediments (1999), 2414-2428, ASCE. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of AN EVALUATION OF HURRICANE-INDUCED EROSION ALONG THE NORTH CAROLINA COAST USING AIRBORNE LIDAR SURVEYS

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of convective and wind-driven mixing on spring phytoplankton dynamics in the Southeastern Bering Sea middle shelf domain

Continental Shelf Research, 2001

Spring phytoplankton bloom conditions for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf were simulated with a... more Spring phytoplankton bloom conditions for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf were simulated with a coupled phytoplankton-nutrient-detritus model that received input from a physical mixed-layer model. The models captured the essential features of chlorophyll, dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration, and temperature fields during the spring bloom onset and progression in 1980 and 1981. In contrast to critical depth theory, the occurrence of a shallow mixed-layer depth and a period of low wind speed were not sufficient to trigger the spring bloom. In both years, the spring bloom onset occurred in response to the cessation of convective mixing during a period of increasing atmospheric temperature and decreasing wind speed. Differences between 1980 and 1981 post-spring-bloom characteristics, however, resulted from differences in water column stability, and wind speed variability and magnitude through time. Those factors affected the vertical distributions of nitrogen and chlorophyll, and, therefore, phytoplankton growth rate. A high degree of model accuracy was indicated by low average RMSE values for euphotic zone model variable values compared to data. This was a consequence of the dominant role that meteorological forcing had on variable fields and processes during spring 1980 and 1981, and the application of a physical model that was specifically designed to model vertical mixing processes.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Cloud-Containing Coastal Zone Color Scanner Images of Northeastern North American Coastal Waters

Journal of Geophysical …, 1989

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical simulations of the seasonal circulation patterns and thermohaline structures of Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries …, 2001

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A bioenergetics-based population dynamics model of Pacific herring ( Clupea harengus pallasi) coupled to a lower trophic level nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton model: Description, calibration, and sensitivity analysis

Ecological Modelling, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of NEMURO—a lower trophic level model for the North Pacific marine ecosystem

Ecological …, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Plankton dynamics: observed and modelled responses to physical conditions in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Fisheries …, 2001

Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and l... more Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and longer-period variability in composition and standing stock in response to physically influenced differences in nutrient availability, and possibly currents that modify local biomass by exchanges with water from the bordering Gulf of Alaska. During springs in which early, strong physical stratification developed, intense, short-lived phytoplankton blooms occurred. These blooms had relatively short residence times in the water column. In contrast, during springs in which slower, weaker stratification developed, phytoplankton blooms were prolonged and took longer to peak. These slower blooms prolonged the period of phytoplankton production, prolonged interaction with the springtime grazing community and led to the incorporation of more organic matter into pelagic food webs. A coupled biological-physical simulation of plankton production was used to examine the implications of seasonally varying air and mixed-layer temperatures, surface winds and incident light on the timing, duration, annual production and standing stock of plankton. Our modelling results reproduced the observed characteristics of the springtime production cycle, and the magnitude of zooplankton stocks for the period 1992–97 but not for 1981–91. These results suggest that for most of the 1990s, bottom-up influences on nutrient supplies controlled levels of primary consumers, whereas for the 11 years before that, other unknown factors dominated this process. We present the results of a comprehensive, multiyear study of relationships between plankton and physical limitations, and a retrospective analysis of earlier conditions to explore the possible causes for these differences.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact