David King - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by David King
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 28, 2009
Climate Adaptation Governance in Cities and Regions, 2016
For the purposes of this study, the Wet Tropics region covers the area covers the Wet Tropics NRM... more For the purposes of this study, the Wet Tropics region covers the area covers the Wet Tropics NRM Region. The entire area lies within the Regional Development Australia Far North Queensland and Torres Strait (RDA FNQ&TS) region.
Following the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 there was heightened international awareness of this h... more Following the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 there was heightened international awareness of this hazard and strategies were developed to improve tsunami warning systems worldwide. Australian emergency management and scientific agencies such as EMA, Geoscience Australia, the Bureau of Meteorology and state emergency management departments released warning and behaviour information through websites, and the development of warning systems has been ongoing. Despite the enormity of the tsunami, research on tsunami awareness has been limited.
This project examines the likely impacts on the built environment of increased intensities in wea... more This project examines the likely impacts on the built environment of increased intensities in weather-related natural hazard events, in order to identify the possibilities of using the regulatory mechanisms of building construction, housing insurance and planning in climate change adaptation. The research findings are restricted to these three aspects of the built environment, and further concentrated on adaptation responses that may be required in mitigation of the impacts of three types of hazards; tropical cyclones, floods and bushfires. Adaptation of the built environment to climate change is predicated on scenarios, especially those collated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, that suggest increases in the impacts of natural hazards as a consequence of global warming. This project took a case study approach to understanding the adaptation of the built environment to anticipated increased challenges of natural hazards in the climate change context. Where the market operates on short-term gains, such as where development continues in high risk location, mechanisms are needed to ensure that new property developments and infrastructure are constructed in a risk appropriate manner consistent with local hazards. Three research groups collaborated to examine a range of responses in planning, building, and insurance practice and legislation that may be required as adaptation to climate change induced natural hazards.
Regional and remote communities in tropical Queensland are among Australia's most vulnerable... more Regional and remote communities in tropical Queensland are among Australia's most vulnerable in the face of climate change. At the same time, these socially and economically vulnerable regions house some of Australia's most significant biodiversity values. Past approaches to terrestrial biodiversity management have focused on tackling biophysical interventions through the use of biophysical knowledge. An equally important focus should be placed on building regional-scale community resilience if some of the worst ...
Settlements and communities in tropical Queensland are highly vulnerable to climate change and fa... more Settlements and communities in tropical Queensland are highly vulnerable to climate change and face an uncertain social, economic and environmental future. At the same time, these socially and economically vulnerable communities contain some of Australia's most significant biodiversity values, including existing and proposed World Heritage sites (Wet Tropics and Cape York) wetlands of international significance (Gulf of Carpentaria) and places of significant marine and terrestrial diversity (eg Torres Strait). Past approaches to ...
Natural Hazards, 2011
As our infrastructure and organisations become ever more networked and interdependent there is a ... more As our infrastructure and organisations become ever more networked and interdependent there is a growing need to focus on managing overall system risk. In particular, there is a need to focus not only on the vulnerability of our systems to failure, but also on our ability to manage and minimise the impact of any failures. This raises some interesting concepts in terms of how we might design systems to be more resilient to change. For example, the traditional engineering approach had been to design systems that are less vulnerable to damage from hazard events. However system resilience can also be enhanced by increasing the adaptive capacity of the system, either through ensuring the system design includes enough redundancy to provide continuity of function, or through increasing the ability and speed of the system to evolve and adapt to new situations as they arise. This paper discusses the particular challenges for evaluating the resilience of organisations to major hazard events.
Introduction Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation are enhanced by good practice ... more Introduction
Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation are enhanced by good practice landuse planning at local and regional levels. The responsibility of urban and regional planners to actively engage in DRR through land-use planning processes and mechanisms developed as
a need during the IDNDR and was identified as a priority action in the Hyogo Framework for Action. In a rapidly urbanising world where population growth has remained high, greater numbers of people than ever before in human history are moving to towns and cities, many
of which are sited in hazard prone areas where new residents lack local knowledge. Furthermore EM-DAT (2013) and IPCC (2013, 2012) predict increases of climate driven natural disasters as a consequence of climate change. The numbers of people affected by natural disasters have increased but better warnings and communication have ontributed to DRR.
Floods and tropical cyclones have caused enormous economic losses, with both floods and cyclone surge contributing significantly to deaths in disasters (EM-DAT, 2013). Although river inundation is the most destructive type of flood, flash floods and severe storms, accompanied by landslides are further disaster impacts. In some countries, such as Australia, bushfire, or wildfire, add to death rates and economic losses. Also the negative impacts of slow onset hazards like drought have secondary impacts upon planning practice through relocation, the decommissioning of declining or abandoned settlements, and associated long term land-use changes. All of these natural hazards -- floods and landslides, severe tropical cyclones and surge, bushfire, and heatwaves are predicted to increase in quantity and intensity as a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2013). Each of these hazards is
conducive to amelioration and mitigation by planning practice and control. IPCC (2012) notes the increase in economic losses and increasing exposure of both people and their assets as
well as the social and cultural nature of hazard vulnerability.
Two processes require an engagement of land-use planners in DRR.
1. An increase in population and migration to cities and coastal settlements that places
greater numbers of people at risk from both climatic and tectonic hazards.
2. Climate change that is predicted to increase the severity and frequency of climate
generated natural hazards.
This paper reviews the role of land-use planning as an element of DRR in the context of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 to 2015. A summary of planning roles outlined by the HFA is followed by a discussion of strategies and practices that may be utilised by planners to reduce hazard risk. Case studies from Australia, Thailand and Indonesia illustrate some approaches to planning for DRR.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Migration out of hazard-prone areas presents significant opportunities for disaster risk reductio... more Migration out of hazard-prone areas presents significant opportunities for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Alongside and intermingled with opportunistic migration there has always been relocation to escape, particularly from calamity, disaster and warfare. As climate change is considered a likely driver of migration, the literature encompasses a debate as to whether or not migration can be considered to be adaptation. This paper investigates the concept of voluntary within-country migration as an adaptation strategy to reduce disaster risk in Australia. We refer to this internal migration as relocation. The paper examines results of research carried out in Australia at the time of recent and extensive disasters, where opportunities were presented to examine household attitudes towards relocation in the face of future disasters of similar extent. Individuals’ attitudes towards relocation were ascertained within an adaptation and mitigation context, at a time of...
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 28, 2009
Climate Adaptation Governance in Cities and Regions, 2016
For the purposes of this study, the Wet Tropics region covers the area covers the Wet Tropics NRM... more For the purposes of this study, the Wet Tropics region covers the area covers the Wet Tropics NRM Region. The entire area lies within the Regional Development Australia Far North Queensland and Torres Strait (RDA FNQ&TS) region.
Following the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 there was heightened international awareness of this h... more Following the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 there was heightened international awareness of this hazard and strategies were developed to improve tsunami warning systems worldwide. Australian emergency management and scientific agencies such as EMA, Geoscience Australia, the Bureau of Meteorology and state emergency management departments released warning and behaviour information through websites, and the development of warning systems has been ongoing. Despite the enormity of the tsunami, research on tsunami awareness has been limited.
This project examines the likely impacts on the built environment of increased intensities in wea... more This project examines the likely impacts on the built environment of increased intensities in weather-related natural hazard events, in order to identify the possibilities of using the regulatory mechanisms of building construction, housing insurance and planning in climate change adaptation. The research findings are restricted to these three aspects of the built environment, and further concentrated on adaptation responses that may be required in mitigation of the impacts of three types of hazards; tropical cyclones, floods and bushfires. Adaptation of the built environment to climate change is predicated on scenarios, especially those collated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, that suggest increases in the impacts of natural hazards as a consequence of global warming. This project took a case study approach to understanding the adaptation of the built environment to anticipated increased challenges of natural hazards in the climate change context. Where the market operates on short-term gains, such as where development continues in high risk location, mechanisms are needed to ensure that new property developments and infrastructure are constructed in a risk appropriate manner consistent with local hazards. Three research groups collaborated to examine a range of responses in planning, building, and insurance practice and legislation that may be required as adaptation to climate change induced natural hazards.
Regional and remote communities in tropical Queensland are among Australia's most vulnerable... more Regional and remote communities in tropical Queensland are among Australia's most vulnerable in the face of climate change. At the same time, these socially and economically vulnerable regions house some of Australia's most significant biodiversity values. Past approaches to terrestrial biodiversity management have focused on tackling biophysical interventions through the use of biophysical knowledge. An equally important focus should be placed on building regional-scale community resilience if some of the worst ...
Settlements and communities in tropical Queensland are highly vulnerable to climate change and fa... more Settlements and communities in tropical Queensland are highly vulnerable to climate change and face an uncertain social, economic and environmental future. At the same time, these socially and economically vulnerable communities contain some of Australia's most significant biodiversity values, including existing and proposed World Heritage sites (Wet Tropics and Cape York) wetlands of international significance (Gulf of Carpentaria) and places of significant marine and terrestrial diversity (eg Torres Strait). Past approaches to ...
Natural Hazards, 2011
As our infrastructure and organisations become ever more networked and interdependent there is a ... more As our infrastructure and organisations become ever more networked and interdependent there is a growing need to focus on managing overall system risk. In particular, there is a need to focus not only on the vulnerability of our systems to failure, but also on our ability to manage and minimise the impact of any failures. This raises some interesting concepts in terms of how we might design systems to be more resilient to change. For example, the traditional engineering approach had been to design systems that are less vulnerable to damage from hazard events. However system resilience can also be enhanced by increasing the adaptive capacity of the system, either through ensuring the system design includes enough redundancy to provide continuity of function, or through increasing the ability and speed of the system to evolve and adapt to new situations as they arise. This paper discusses the particular challenges for evaluating the resilience of organisations to major hazard events.
Introduction Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation are enhanced by good practice ... more Introduction
Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation are enhanced by good practice landuse planning at local and regional levels. The responsibility of urban and regional planners to actively engage in DRR through land-use planning processes and mechanisms developed as
a need during the IDNDR and was identified as a priority action in the Hyogo Framework for Action. In a rapidly urbanising world where population growth has remained high, greater numbers of people than ever before in human history are moving to towns and cities, many
of which are sited in hazard prone areas where new residents lack local knowledge. Furthermore EM-DAT (2013) and IPCC (2013, 2012) predict increases of climate driven natural disasters as a consequence of climate change. The numbers of people affected by natural disasters have increased but better warnings and communication have ontributed to DRR.
Floods and tropical cyclones have caused enormous economic losses, with both floods and cyclone surge contributing significantly to deaths in disasters (EM-DAT, 2013). Although river inundation is the most destructive type of flood, flash floods and severe storms, accompanied by landslides are further disaster impacts. In some countries, such as Australia, bushfire, or wildfire, add to death rates and economic losses. Also the negative impacts of slow onset hazards like drought have secondary impacts upon planning practice through relocation, the decommissioning of declining or abandoned settlements, and associated long term land-use changes. All of these natural hazards -- floods and landslides, severe tropical cyclones and surge, bushfire, and heatwaves are predicted to increase in quantity and intensity as a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2013). Each of these hazards is
conducive to amelioration and mitigation by planning practice and control. IPCC (2012) notes the increase in economic losses and increasing exposure of both people and their assets as
well as the social and cultural nature of hazard vulnerability.
Two processes require an engagement of land-use planners in DRR.
1. An increase in population and migration to cities and coastal settlements that places
greater numbers of people at risk from both climatic and tectonic hazards.
2. Climate change that is predicted to increase the severity and frequency of climate
generated natural hazards.
This paper reviews the role of land-use planning as an element of DRR in the context of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 to 2015. A summary of planning roles outlined by the HFA is followed by a discussion of strategies and practices that may be utilised by planners to reduce hazard risk. Case studies from Australia, Thailand and Indonesia illustrate some approaches to planning for DRR.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Migration out of hazard-prone areas presents significant opportunities for disaster risk reductio... more Migration out of hazard-prone areas presents significant opportunities for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Alongside and intermingled with opportunistic migration there has always been relocation to escape, particularly from calamity, disaster and warfare. As climate change is considered a likely driver of migration, the literature encompasses a debate as to whether or not migration can be considered to be adaptation. This paper investigates the concept of voluntary within-country migration as an adaptation strategy to reduce disaster risk in Australia. We refer to this internal migration as relocation. The paper examines results of research carried out in Australia at the time of recent and extensive disasters, where opportunities were presented to examine household attitudes towards relocation in the face of future disasters of similar extent. Individuals’ attitudes towards relocation were ascertained within an adaptation and mitigation context, at a time of...