David O'Sullivan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by David O'Sullivan

British Journal of Sports Medicine

A recent regulation in boxing, of removing headgear, proposes the question as to whether a simila... more A recent regulation in boxing, of removing headgear, proposes the question as to whether a similar rule should be adopted in taekwondo. To assess the effect of protective taekwondo footpads on attenuating impacts of an instrumented head-form. It is hypothesised that footpads with greater thickness would mitigate impacts better than thinner ones. Between groups. Impact biomechanics laboratory. World Taekwondo Federation approved protective footpads. A standardized (ASTM F-2397) martial arts headgear striker was used to impart impacts to a 50th Percentile Male Hybrid III head and neck complex. All impacts were imparted with a terminal striking velocity of 5.0 m/s (min-max: 4.75-5.15 m/s). Six different striking conditions were employed (no footpad (control), KDS, Adidas, Mooto, Mooto MTX, old style footpad [i.e., thick]). Each footpad condition was tested for a total of 3 impacts. The level of significance was set to an effect size of 0.2. Resultant linear acceleration (RLA). Signific...

International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 2004

The business environment is changing at an accelerated pace. Contemporary business systems are be... more The business environment is changing at an accelerated pace. Contemporary business systems are becoming more knowledge intensive. Consequently, progressive organisations are collaborating with others in order to develop the linkages they require to access and leverage new knowledge and skills for successful product innovation. In this paper, the authors surveyed senior R&D managers from Irish organisations in an attempt to ascertain what the key implications of this new knowledge focused networked environment are for ...

Agent-Based Social Systems, 2005

Page 1. The Use of Hybrid Agent Based Systems to Model Petrol Markets Alison J. Heppenstall^, And... more Page 1. The Use of Hybrid Agent Based Systems to Model Petrol Markets Alison J. Heppenstall^, Andrew J. Evans\ Mark H. Birkin^ and David O'Sullivan^ ^ School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT www ...

International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, 2010

Decision support systems are deployed in a wide variety of business applications using a variety ... more Decision support systems are deployed in a wide variety of business applications using a variety of core technologies and programming languages. One of the more promising technologies to evolve in recent year has been the semantic web. The semantic web aims ...

Abstract Industry we are told manages change poorly. Surveys indicate that over 50% of change pro... more Abstract Industry we are told manages change poorly. Surveys indicate that over 50% of change programmes fail to meet objectives. The reasons cited are all too familiar: poor goal definition, poor alignment of actions to goals and poor participation among employees. Innovation in industry is also managed poorly. In most companies the knowledge of employees remains untapped for solving problems, generating new ideas and implementing change. Harnessing this knowledge is a significant challenge in improving employee ...

American sociological review, 2008

The census tract-based residential segregation literature rests on problematic assumptions about ... more The census tract-based residential segregation literature rests on problematic assumptions about geographic scale and proximity. We pursue a new tract-free approach that combines explicitly spatial concepts and methods to examine racial segregation across egocentric local environments of varying size. Using 2000 census data for the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, we compute a spatially modified version of the information theory index H to describe patterns of black-white, Hispanic-white, Asian-white, and multi-group segregation at different scales. The metropolitan structural characteristics that best distinguish micro-segregation from macro-segregation for each group combination are identified, and their effects are decomposed into portions due to racial variation occurring over short and long distances. A comparison of our results to those from tract-based analyses confirms the value of the new approach.

To understand residential clustering of contemporary immigrants and other ethnic minorities in ur... more To understand residential clustering of contemporary immigrants and other ethnic minorities in urban areas, it is important to first identify where they are clustered. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the use of local statistics as a tool for finding the location of racial/ethnic residential clusters. However, since many existing local statistics are primarily developed for epidemiological

Personal naming practices exist in all human groups and are far from random. Rather, they continu... more Personal naming practices exist in all human groups and are far from random. Rather, they continue to reflect social norms and ethno-cultural customs that have developed over generations. As a consequence, contemporary name frequency distributions retain distinct geographic, social and ethno-cultural patterning that can be exploited to understand population structure in human biology, public health and social science. Previous attempts to detect and delineate such structure in large populations have entailed extensive empirical analysis of naming conventions in different parts of the world without seeking any general or automated methods of population classification by ethno-cultural origin. Here we show how 'naming networks', constructed from forename-surname pairs of a large sample of the contemporary human population in 17 countries, provide a valuable representation of cultural, ethnic and linguistic population structure around the world. This innovative approach enriches and adds value to automated population classification through conventional national data sources such as telephone directories and electoral registers. The method identifies clear social and ethno-cultural clusters in such naming networks that extend far beyond the geographic areas in which particular names originated, and that are preserved even after international migration. Moreover, one of the most striking findings of this approach is that these clusters simply 'emerge' from the aggregation of millions of individual decisions on parental naming practices for their children, without any prior knowledge introduced by the researcher. Our probabilistic approach to community assignment, both at city level as well as at a global scale, helps to reveal the degree of isolation, integration or overlap between human populations in our rapidly globalising world. As such, this work has important implications for research in population genetics, public health, and social science adding new understandings of migration, identity, integration and social interaction across the world.

British Journal of Sports Medicine

A recent regulation in boxing, of removing headgear, proposes the question as to whether a simila... more A recent regulation in boxing, of removing headgear, proposes the question as to whether a similar rule should be adopted in taekwondo. To assess the effect of protective taekwondo footpads on attenuating impacts of an instrumented head-form. It is hypothesised that footpads with greater thickness would mitigate impacts better than thinner ones. Between groups. Impact biomechanics laboratory. World Taekwondo Federation approved protective footpads. A standardized (ASTM F-2397) martial arts headgear striker was used to impart impacts to a 50th Percentile Male Hybrid III head and neck complex. All impacts were imparted with a terminal striking velocity of 5.0 m/s (min-max: 4.75-5.15 m/s). Six different striking conditions were employed (no footpad (control), KDS, Adidas, Mooto, Mooto MTX, old style footpad [i.e., thick]). Each footpad condition was tested for a total of 3 impacts. The level of significance was set to an effect size of 0.2. Resultant linear acceleration (RLA). Signific...

International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 2004

The business environment is changing at an accelerated pace. Contemporary business systems are be... more The business environment is changing at an accelerated pace. Contemporary business systems are becoming more knowledge intensive. Consequently, progressive organisations are collaborating with others in order to develop the linkages they require to access and leverage new knowledge and skills for successful product innovation. In this paper, the authors surveyed senior R&D managers from Irish organisations in an attempt to ascertain what the key implications of this new knowledge focused networked environment are for ...

Agent-Based Social Systems, 2005

Page 1. The Use of Hybrid Agent Based Systems to Model Petrol Markets Alison J. Heppenstall^, And... more Page 1. The Use of Hybrid Agent Based Systems to Model Petrol Markets Alison J. Heppenstall^, Andrew J. Evans\ Mark H. Birkin^ and David O'Sullivan^ ^ School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT www ...

International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, 2010

Decision support systems are deployed in a wide variety of business applications using a variety ... more Decision support systems are deployed in a wide variety of business applications using a variety of core technologies and programming languages. One of the more promising technologies to evolve in recent year has been the semantic web. The semantic web aims ...

Abstract Industry we are told manages change poorly. Surveys indicate that over 50% of change pro... more Abstract Industry we are told manages change poorly. Surveys indicate that over 50% of change programmes fail to meet objectives. The reasons cited are all too familiar: poor goal definition, poor alignment of actions to goals and poor participation among employees. Innovation in industry is also managed poorly. In most companies the knowledge of employees remains untapped for solving problems, generating new ideas and implementing change. Harnessing this knowledge is a significant challenge in improving employee ...

American sociological review, 2008

The census tract-based residential segregation literature rests on problematic assumptions about ... more The census tract-based residential segregation literature rests on problematic assumptions about geographic scale and proximity. We pursue a new tract-free approach that combines explicitly spatial concepts and methods to examine racial segregation across egocentric local environments of varying size. Using 2000 census data for the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, we compute a spatially modified version of the information theory index H to describe patterns of black-white, Hispanic-white, Asian-white, and multi-group segregation at different scales. The metropolitan structural characteristics that best distinguish micro-segregation from macro-segregation for each group combination are identified, and their effects are decomposed into portions due to racial variation occurring over short and long distances. A comparison of our results to those from tract-based analyses confirms the value of the new approach.

To understand residential clustering of contemporary immigrants and other ethnic minorities in ur... more To understand residential clustering of contemporary immigrants and other ethnic minorities in urban areas, it is important to first identify where they are clustered. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the use of local statistics as a tool for finding the location of racial/ethnic residential clusters. However, since many existing local statistics are primarily developed for epidemiological

Personal naming practices exist in all human groups and are far from random. Rather, they continu... more Personal naming practices exist in all human groups and are far from random. Rather, they continue to reflect social norms and ethno-cultural customs that have developed over generations. As a consequence, contemporary name frequency distributions retain distinct geographic, social and ethno-cultural patterning that can be exploited to understand population structure in human biology, public health and social science. Previous attempts to detect and delineate such structure in large populations have entailed extensive empirical analysis of naming conventions in different parts of the world without seeking any general or automated methods of population classification by ethno-cultural origin. Here we show how 'naming networks', constructed from forename-surname pairs of a large sample of the contemporary human population in 17 countries, provide a valuable representation of cultural, ethnic and linguistic population structure around the world. This innovative approach enriches and adds value to automated population classification through conventional national data sources such as telephone directories and electoral registers. The method identifies clear social and ethno-cultural clusters in such naming networks that extend far beyond the geographic areas in which particular names originated, and that are preserved even after international migration. Moreover, one of the most striking findings of this approach is that these clusters simply 'emerge' from the aggregation of millions of individual decisions on parental naming practices for their children, without any prior knowledge introduced by the researcher. Our probabilistic approach to community assignment, both at city level as well as at a global scale, helps to reveal the degree of isolation, integration or overlap between human populations in our rapidly globalising world. As such, this work has important implications for research in population genetics, public health, and social science adding new understandings of migration, identity, integration and social interaction across the world.