David Wiesenthal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by David Wiesenthal
Elsevier eBooks, 1982
Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was ... more Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Violence & Victims, Aug 1, 2004
The present study examined the influence of driver age and vengeance on mild aggression among dri... more The present study examined the influence of driver age and vengeance on mild aggression among drivers with at least 5 years experience. Mild aggression decreased with age among low vengeance drivers and changed little across age groups among moderately vengeful drivers. However, mild driver aggression actually increased with age among highly vengeful drivers. Results are interpreted in terms of the aggressive nature of an enduring vengeful attitude.
Environment and Behavior, Nov 1, 1981
Cunningham (1977) found that American university students preferred apartment designs in which th... more Cunningham (1977) found that American university students preferred apartment designs in which the major portion of open space was located in the upper right corner of the unit. The experience of reading and writing English from left to right was hypothesized as establishing a scanning pattern leading to a preference for such right-oriented designs. Students whose mother tongue was Hebrew (a language written from right to left) were compared to a group of native English speakers to test if the Hebrew group would prefer left-oriented apartments. Cunningham's data was not replicated, nor were any major relationships with hand/eye dominance, past and present residential history, or language background seen to relate to design choices. Several methodological difficulties were mentioned along with alternative strategies.
Canadian psychologist, Oct 1, 1974
Recent trends in social psychological research toward greater use of field settings and unobtrusi... more Recent trends in social psychological research toward greater use of field settings and unobtrusive measurement was reviewed. The following issues bear on this concern: (1) the general public may be more intolerant of being used as research subjects than are college students; (2) disguised observation may tend to aggravate a post-Watergate concern over invasion of privacy; (3) greater harm to participants in some field research may be likely because laboratory control is greatly lacking; (4) because concern with revealing social psychological data to the public may jeopardize future research, scant feedback is provided to participants.
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1982
Undergraduate subjects were seen to accurately discriminate between simulating actors and genuine... more Undergraduate subjects were seen to accurately discriminate between simulating actors and genuinely disabled males confined to wheelchairs. Judgments were based on skill in manipulating the wheelchair, poorer muscular development of the disabled, and on appearance of clothing. Implications for research on the disabled employing actors was discussed.
Transportation Research Part F-traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Nov 1, 2014
The present study examined the relationships between narcissism, self-esteem, driving anger, and ... more The present study examined the relationships between narcissism, self-esteem, driving anger, and driving aggression in an Internet survey of 334 Polish drivers using the Polish versions of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), the Driving Vengeance Questionnaire (DVQ), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS). High levels of narcissism and low self-esteem predicted driving aggression. Implications for improving road safety are discussed. We compare the findings with the most recent results from North America.
Social Science & Medicine. Part F: Medical and Social Ethics, Mar 1, 1981
The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed... more The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems, by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Journal of Community Psychology, Apr 1, 1989
Journal of Social Psychology, Feb 1, 1974
Summary Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed... more Summary Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed by receiving amounts either greater or lesser than were expected, while control subjects received their expected pay. The dissonance theory prediction of an energization of either compliance or noncompliance was not obtained, nor support given to social-exchange-theory predictions of conformity as a direct function of pay level. No differences in conformity behavior or tendencies to respond to questionnaires in a socially desirable direction were obtained between high and low scoring Ss on the Marlowe-Crowne SD (7). The finding of no differences in conformity between Ss judged aware of the manipulations and those unaware might be mediated by a general predisposition to seek and comply with demands in an experimental setting.
Social Science & Medicine. Part F: Medical and Social Ethics, Mar 1, 1981
Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was ... more Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Sex Roles, Dec 1, 1995
Qualitative research on the relationship between masculinity and hockey violence has suggested th... more Qualitative research on the relationship between masculinity and hockey violence has suggested that players endorsing traditional masculine behavior were more likely to engage in violence than players who hem weaker masculine beliefs. Data were collected from white, middle class players on five Toronto hockey teams representing two different age groups (14.3 and 17.7 years respectively) and skill levels (Bantam and Junior A). Moderate support was found for the predicted relationship between higher masculinity and increased violence, particularly at the preprofessional Junior A level Subscales of the Brannon Masculinity Scale, applied to a sport situation, were seen to be a valid measure of gender typing. Increased levels of violence (especially fist fights), more than playing or skating skills were seen to lead to greater perception of competence by both teammates and coaches. Despite the lengthy history of hockey violence, the problem was not widely publicized until the late 1960s (Smith, 1983). Since then, numerous violent 1This article is based on research performed by Marc Weinstein in partial fulfillment of the master's degree requirements of York University. The research was supervised by the late Professor Michael D. Smith, Director of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution. This paper is dedicated to Mike Smith, who died on June 21, 1994. Throughout his short battle with cancer, Mike's devotion to his research and to his students never waned. Although Mike's contribution to research in both the area of sports and domestic violence are extensive, his loss is equally tragic in light of the respect and kindness he displayed toward others. Mike will be sorely missed by all who knew him. The authors wish to thank Professor Caroline Davis who served on Marc Weinstein's thesis committee, as well as the many athletes who volunteered their time to make the present research possible. We wish to thank Dr. Peggy Ng of the Institute for Social Research for her statistical consultation.
International Encyclopedia of Transportation, 2021
Applied Evolutionary Psychology, 2011
... Together with Deanna Singhal, who then worked as a statistical analyst at the Traffic Injury ... more ... Together with Deanna Singhal, who then worked as a statistical analyst at the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF) in Ottawa, we ... males' greater engagement in risky driving behaviours such as speeding, tailgating, refusing to yield right-of-way, running amber signals, and ...
Canadian Journal of Higher Education, Sep 1, 2012
Rising rates of unionization in university settings suggest that campus labour disputes are likel... more Rising rates of unionization in university settings suggest that campus labour disputes are likely to become an increasingly relevant issue. The research question in the current analysis asked which factors contributed to students' perception of fair treatment following a university labour disruption. A longitudinal survey of students' experiences was conducted before, during, and following a 12-week strike by teaching assistants and contract faculty at a large Canadian university. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that students' pre-strike satisfaction with their academic program contributed to a perception of post-strike fairness. The more students' plans had been affected by the strike, the greater the reduction in perceived fairness. Post-strike fairness inand the more they felt they had a faculty member to turn to following the strike. toward the strike, predicted perceived fairness. Implications for addressing students' concerns in the wake of an academic labour dispute are discussed. RÉSUMÉ Les taux croissants de syndicalisation dans l'environnement universitaire problème de plus en plus important. Le sujet de recherche dans l'analyse en cours est de voir quels facteurs contribuent à la perception par les étudiants
Journal of collective negotiations, Jul 1, 2006
Questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students to determine the relationship of a comm... more Questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students to determine the relationship of a community strike to students' academic work, social and recreational behavior, emotions, and attitudes toward the university. Results indicated that the labor dispute significantly affected students, interrupting their academic and career progress, worsening their financial situations, and increasing their recreational and social activities. Path analysis tested a model examining the relationships among students' attitudes, emotions, and coping ability. Greater adaptiveness in coping was associated with reduced anger and anxiety, and with greater satisfaction with York University's academic program. The more students' plans had been affected by the labor dispute, the more anger and anxiety was felt, and the less students expressed satisfaction with the academic program at the university. Moreover, the more students felt they had been treated unfairly during the job action, the angrier they felt. Within the past few decades, strikes have become a frequent occurrence in the Canadian university education system. Since 1976, 28 faculty strikes have occurred in Canadian universities, with twelve of them taking place within the last ten years. Aside from faculty strikes, other job actions afflicting universities have involved teaching assistants and contract faculty, as well as nonteaching 1
Transportation Quarterly, 2002
ABSTRACT
... Au cours des dernières années, les passionnés de voitures ont utilisé de plus en plus le club... more ... Au cours des dernières années, les passionnés de voitures ont utilisé de plus en plus le club de partage de voitures ainsi que les forums et sites Web sur les courses afin d'obtenir les nouvelles et d'accéder au salon de clavardage et au tableau de ... [6] SINGHAL, D., SIMPSON, H ...
Accident Analysis & Prevention, Nov 1, 2021
Aggressive driving behaviours such as rude hand gestures, horn honking, tailgating, or causing da... more Aggressive driving behaviours such as rude hand gestures, horn honking, tailgating, or causing damage to another vehicle continue to be a threat to motorist well-being. Based on the General Aggression Model and the attribution-of-blame model of injustice, the current study developed and tested a model of aggressive driving that included individual differences and cognitions related to the perception of injustice, driving anger, and retaliatory aggressive driving. A sample of 269 undergraduate students viewed five animated unjust driving scenarios and responded to items assessing cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. Results supported a model of v
Elsevier eBooks, 1982
Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was ... more Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Violence & Victims, Aug 1, 2004
The present study examined the influence of driver age and vengeance on mild aggression among dri... more The present study examined the influence of driver age and vengeance on mild aggression among drivers with at least 5 years experience. Mild aggression decreased with age among low vengeance drivers and changed little across age groups among moderately vengeful drivers. However, mild driver aggression actually increased with age among highly vengeful drivers. Results are interpreted in terms of the aggressive nature of an enduring vengeful attitude.
Environment and Behavior, Nov 1, 1981
Cunningham (1977) found that American university students preferred apartment designs in which th... more Cunningham (1977) found that American university students preferred apartment designs in which the major portion of open space was located in the upper right corner of the unit. The experience of reading and writing English from left to right was hypothesized as establishing a scanning pattern leading to a preference for such right-oriented designs. Students whose mother tongue was Hebrew (a language written from right to left) were compared to a group of native English speakers to test if the Hebrew group would prefer left-oriented apartments. Cunningham's data was not replicated, nor were any major relationships with hand/eye dominance, past and present residential history, or language background seen to relate to design choices. Several methodological difficulties were mentioned along with alternative strategies.
Canadian psychologist, Oct 1, 1974
Recent trends in social psychological research toward greater use of field settings and unobtrusi... more Recent trends in social psychological research toward greater use of field settings and unobtrusive measurement was reviewed. The following issues bear on this concern: (1) the general public may be more intolerant of being used as research subjects than are college students; (2) disguised observation may tend to aggravate a post-Watergate concern over invasion of privacy; (3) greater harm to participants in some field research may be likely because laboratory control is greatly lacking; (4) because concern with revealing social psychological data to the public may jeopardize future research, scant feedback is provided to participants.
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1982
Undergraduate subjects were seen to accurately discriminate between simulating actors and genuine... more Undergraduate subjects were seen to accurately discriminate between simulating actors and genuinely disabled males confined to wheelchairs. Judgments were based on skill in manipulating the wheelchair, poorer muscular development of the disabled, and on appearance of clothing. Implications for research on the disabled employing actors was discussed.
Transportation Research Part F-traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Nov 1, 2014
The present study examined the relationships between narcissism, self-esteem, driving anger, and ... more The present study examined the relationships between narcissism, self-esteem, driving anger, and driving aggression in an Internet survey of 334 Polish drivers using the Polish versions of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), the Driving Vengeance Questionnaire (DVQ), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS). High levels of narcissism and low self-esteem predicted driving aggression. Implications for improving road safety are discussed. We compare the findings with the most recent results from North America.
Social Science & Medicine. Part F: Medical and Social Ethics, Mar 1, 1981
The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed... more The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems, by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Journal of Community Psychology, Apr 1, 1989
Journal of Social Psychology, Feb 1, 1974
Summary Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed... more Summary Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed by receiving amounts either greater or lesser than were expected, while control subjects received their expected pay. The dissonance theory prediction of an energization of either compliance or noncompliance was not obtained, nor support given to social-exchange-theory predictions of conformity as a direct function of pay level. No differences in conformity behavior or tendencies to respond to questionnaires in a socially desirable direction were obtained between high and low scoring Ss on the Marlowe-Crowne SD (7). The finding of no differences in conformity between Ss judged aware of the manipulations and those unaware might be mediated by a general predisposition to seek and comply with demands in an experimental setting.
Social Science & Medicine. Part F: Medical and Social Ethics, Mar 1, 1981
Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was ... more Ahattnct-The conflict between social science research and the problem of invasion of privacy was discussed. The following paradoxes were posed: (a) techniques regarded as acceptable by psychologists may be unacceptable when used by others, (b) the methodology of the psychologist and the police may be identical, (c) the psychologist has been in conflict with the roles of being both a deceiver and a truth seeker, (d) research that alters our conceptions concerning the roots of social behaviour seems by its very nature, to raise ethical controversies, (e) greater legal and ethical problems may arise from the use of nonreactive measures and naturalistic research than from laboratory experimentation, (f) for fear of jeopardizing research strategies, the psychologist may be reluctant to communicate his findings to the general public, (g) the researcher may jeopardize his subjects by the gathering of data which may be of interest to prosecutors, and (h) what social science researchers may consider appropriate problems for study, society may consider obnoxious invasions of privacy. Social scientists were urged to sensitize themselves to societal concerns over privacy rights.
Sex Roles, Dec 1, 1995
Qualitative research on the relationship between masculinity and hockey violence has suggested th... more Qualitative research on the relationship between masculinity and hockey violence has suggested that players endorsing traditional masculine behavior were more likely to engage in violence than players who hem weaker masculine beliefs. Data were collected from white, middle class players on five Toronto hockey teams representing two different age groups (14.3 and 17.7 years respectively) and skill levels (Bantam and Junior A). Moderate support was found for the predicted relationship between higher masculinity and increased violence, particularly at the preprofessional Junior A level Subscales of the Brannon Masculinity Scale, applied to a sport situation, were seen to be a valid measure of gender typing. Increased levels of violence (especially fist fights), more than playing or skating skills were seen to lead to greater perception of competence by both teammates and coaches. Despite the lengthy history of hockey violence, the problem was not widely publicized until the late 1960s (Smith, 1983). Since then, numerous violent 1This article is based on research performed by Marc Weinstein in partial fulfillment of the master's degree requirements of York University. The research was supervised by the late Professor Michael D. Smith, Director of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution. This paper is dedicated to Mike Smith, who died on June 21, 1994. Throughout his short battle with cancer, Mike's devotion to his research and to his students never waned. Although Mike's contribution to research in both the area of sports and domestic violence are extensive, his loss is equally tragic in light of the respect and kindness he displayed toward others. Mike will be sorely missed by all who knew him. The authors wish to thank Professor Caroline Davis who served on Marc Weinstein's thesis committee, as well as the many athletes who volunteered their time to make the present research possible. We wish to thank Dr. Peggy Ng of the Institute for Social Research for her statistical consultation.
International Encyclopedia of Transportation, 2021
Applied Evolutionary Psychology, 2011
... Together with Deanna Singhal, who then worked as a statistical analyst at the Traffic Injury ... more ... Together with Deanna Singhal, who then worked as a statistical analyst at the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF) in Ottawa, we ... males' greater engagement in risky driving behaviours such as speeding, tailgating, refusing to yield right-of-way, running amber signals, and ...
Canadian Journal of Higher Education, Sep 1, 2012
Rising rates of unionization in university settings suggest that campus labour disputes are likel... more Rising rates of unionization in university settings suggest that campus labour disputes are likely to become an increasingly relevant issue. The research question in the current analysis asked which factors contributed to students' perception of fair treatment following a university labour disruption. A longitudinal survey of students' experiences was conducted before, during, and following a 12-week strike by teaching assistants and contract faculty at a large Canadian university. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that students' pre-strike satisfaction with their academic program contributed to a perception of post-strike fairness. The more students' plans had been affected by the strike, the greater the reduction in perceived fairness. Post-strike fairness inand the more they felt they had a faculty member to turn to following the strike. toward the strike, predicted perceived fairness. Implications for addressing students' concerns in the wake of an academic labour dispute are discussed. RÉSUMÉ Les taux croissants de syndicalisation dans l'environnement universitaire problème de plus en plus important. Le sujet de recherche dans l'analyse en cours est de voir quels facteurs contribuent à la perception par les étudiants
Journal of collective negotiations, Jul 1, 2006
Questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students to determine the relationship of a comm... more Questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students to determine the relationship of a community strike to students' academic work, social and recreational behavior, emotions, and attitudes toward the university. Results indicated that the labor dispute significantly affected students, interrupting their academic and career progress, worsening their financial situations, and increasing their recreational and social activities. Path analysis tested a model examining the relationships among students' attitudes, emotions, and coping ability. Greater adaptiveness in coping was associated with reduced anger and anxiety, and with greater satisfaction with York University's academic program. The more students' plans had been affected by the labor dispute, the more anger and anxiety was felt, and the less students expressed satisfaction with the academic program at the university. Moreover, the more students felt they had been treated unfairly during the job action, the angrier they felt. Within the past few decades, strikes have become a frequent occurrence in the Canadian university education system. Since 1976, 28 faculty strikes have occurred in Canadian universities, with twelve of them taking place within the last ten years. Aside from faculty strikes, other job actions afflicting universities have involved teaching assistants and contract faculty, as well as nonteaching 1
Transportation Quarterly, 2002
ABSTRACT
... Au cours des dernières années, les passionnés de voitures ont utilisé de plus en plus le club... more ... Au cours des dernières années, les passionnés de voitures ont utilisé de plus en plus le club de partage de voitures ainsi que les forums et sites Web sur les courses afin d'obtenir les nouvelles et d'accéder au salon de clavardage et au tableau de ... [6] SINGHAL, D., SIMPSON, H ...
Accident Analysis & Prevention, Nov 1, 2021
Aggressive driving behaviours such as rude hand gestures, horn honking, tailgating, or causing da... more Aggressive driving behaviours such as rude hand gestures, horn honking, tailgating, or causing damage to another vehicle continue to be a threat to motorist well-being. Based on the General Aggression Model and the attribution-of-blame model of injustice, the current study developed and tested a model of aggressive driving that included individual differences and cognitions related to the perception of injustice, driving anger, and retaliatory aggressive driving. A sample of 269 undergraduate students viewed five animated unjust driving scenarios and responded to items assessing cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. Results supported a model of v