Davoud Agha Aligol - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Davoud Agha Aligol

Journal of Materials Science, Feb 24, 2023

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Dec 5, 2022

DANESH-e- HEFAZAT va MAREMMAT, Oct 10, 2017

X-Ray Spectrometry, 2009

... P. Oliaiy,; D. Agha-Aligol,; F. Shokouhi,; M. Lamehi-Rachti. Article first published online: ... more ... P. Oliaiy,; D. Agha-Aligol,; F. Shokouhi,; M. Lamehi-Rachti. Article first published online: 13 JUL 2009. ... Oliaiy, P., Agha-Aligol, D., Shokouhi, F. and Lamehi-Rachti, M. (2009), Analysis of Iranian postage stamps belonging to the Qajar dynasty (18th–20th century's) by micro-PIXE. ...

Journal of Materials Science

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Journal of Research on Archaeometry

Researchers and archeologists have always been interested in the elemental analysis of obsidian a... more Researchers and archeologists have always been interested in the elemental analysis of obsidian artifacts. Measurement of the elemental composition of obsidians provides a lot of information about trade and exchange between different regions and cultures in early societies. This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 17 obsidian artifacts excavated in two seasons in 2018 and 2019 from the Tole Khari prehistoric site in the Pasargad complex in the Fars Province of Iran. Elemental analysis of these obsidians performed by micro-PIXE technique in Van de Graaff Laboratory in the Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute (NSTRI) in Tehran, Iran. In this research, to study the provenance of obsidians obtained from Tal Khari, we combined and compared our results with elemental composition results reported from known sources of obsidian in Anatolia and Armenia. The results show that the obsidians from Tole Khari Tolclassified into two different groups based on elemental composition, in particular according to the concentration of Fe2O3, MnO, TiO2, and Al2O3. By comparing the obsidians of Tole Khari with obsidians from various sites in Anatolia and Armenia, it was found that the first group of obsidians from Tole Khari overlaps with obsidians from Bingol A in Anatolia, and the second group of these obsidians fits into obsidians from Nenezi Dag, Pasinler and Meydan Dag in central and eastern Anatolia. Therefore, it is probable and possible that the obsidians excavated in Tole Khari have supplied from known obsidian sources in Anatolia using a very long range of trade and exchange network, which was about 1000 to 1900 km.

The study and measurement of elemental compositions of historical pottery have particular importa... more The study and measurement of elemental compositions of historical pottery have particular importance. Only by knowing the elemental composition of these historical artifacts can precious information be obtained in various fields such as technology and manufacturing technique, determination of raw materials used in manufacturing and their diversity, the study of trade and exchange, and provenance study of these historical objects. In this article, 14 pieces of glazed artifacts, including the remaining nine dishes and five tiles belonging to the middle of the Islamic period, have been analyzed and examined using the micro-PIXE technique.The pottery studied in this article have been obtained from the second season of archaeological excavation in the ancient site of Kohneh Gorab Amlash in Gilan province in 2021. In the present study, the elemental compositions of the main body, the base glaze, and the surface decorations used in these pieces have been measured using the micro-PIXE analy...

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008

Porous silicon (PS) is widely utilized in gas sensors. Palladium is a good choice to sensitize th... more Porous silicon (PS) is widely utilized in gas sensors. Palladium is a good choice to sensitize the surface of PS to hydrogen. Ideally for highest sensitivity of the sensor, all the pores of PS should be completely covered with palladium. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) technique is routinely used to determine depth profile of elements in thin layers. By using microbeam analysis as a complementary technique, we clearly observed the lateral image of penetrated Pd in depth. In this work, we used electrochemically anodizedsilicon wafer doped with Pd by the electroless process. In our analysis, we intentionally characterized both the area of PS where Electric Field is applied during silicon etching (EF area) and the Field Free region (FF area) of the sample. Microbeam analysis show that EF area of the sample is covered with thicker palladium layer, but the pores are rarely filled in this area, while in the FF area of the sample, there is a thin palladium film on the silicon surface, but the pores are partially filled. We used a computational simulation method based on columnar pore structure and linear variation of Pd depth profile in pores and determined the lateral variation of Pd penetration in pores in both parts of the sample. These simulations showed that there are 180 ± 80 nm thick Pd layer with 300 ± 200 nm penetration in pores in EF region and 80 ± 40 nm thin Pd layer with 800 ± 200 nm penetrate in pores in FF region.

The European Physical Journal D, 2012

Abstract.High Vacuum thermal evaporation was used to grow germanium islands on the silicon substr... more Abstract.High Vacuum thermal evaporation was used to grow germanium islands on the silicon substrate covered by silicon oxide. The Ge nano-islands were formed by thermal annealing at different temperatures from 500 °C to 700 °C. Formation of islands was studied by various analytical techniques. The thickness of Ge layer was determined by rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Also, combined with channeling technique, the composition and probable contaminants during synthesis processes were investigated. To explore the islands size and shape, both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used. Then the topographical images of surfaces were studied by AFM. The outcome of experimental evaluations of growth mechanism has indicated that with increasing the annealing temperature up to 700 °C, Ge islands were appeared from a uniform layer. Moreover, the statistical assessments of surfaces have shown that the nano-island’s sizes can be varied from several hundred nanometers to 30 nm by growing the annealing temperature. The reduction of the size along with an increase of the number of nano-islands after each thermal treatment is a major factor to prohibit us from seeing their clear images in AFM. The possibility of running statistical estimation on islands, instead, is the powerful tool of extracting and probing the distribution and the shape of Ge island’s peak in AFM images.

Applied Surface Science, 2009

Surfaces and Interfaces Volume 25, August 2021, 101168, 2021

Nishapur is a historical city in the ancient Khorasan region, located in the northeast of Iran. D... more Nishapur is a historical city in the ancient Khorasan region, located in the northeast of Iran. Due to its location on the Silk Road, Nishapur enjoyed great economic prosperity and as a result contains many archaeological sites from prehistoric to post-Islamic periods. Shahrak-e Firouzeh is one such site, dating back to 2nd millennium BC, containing numerous metallic objects and metallurgic remains from silver refining by cupellation. This study investigates the manufacture of a unique silver lidded dish decorated with bas-relief mythological designs. Different techniques, including SEM-EDS, micro-PIXE, and Metallography were used to characterize the dish. Results obtained by micro-PIXE and SEM-EDS reveal the use of an intentional silver alloy containing about 92 wt.% silver and about 3.80 wt.% copper. Date also suggested the use of an advanced silver extraction process to obtain high purity silver. The presence of elements such as calcium were associated with exposure to the burial environment and the extraction process. Metallographic examination revealed that this extremely thin object was decorated with complex bas-relief designs which had been produced by cold working, and annealing based upon the presence of twin straight lines on some parts of the surface and the changing gradation in tiny grains and twin uneven lines on the raised parts.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008

A novel vacuum chamber for ion beam analysis of large-size industrial samples-whose analysis are ... more A novel vacuum chamber for ion beam analysis of large-size industrial samples-whose analysis are not feasible in conventional ion beam analysis reaction chambers-has been designed, fabricated and successfully tested. Using the newly developed chamber, both PIXE and RBS analyses could be carried out at the same time and on the same point of the samples. Ion beam analysis using this novel chamber lacks the disadvantages of external beam analysis and benefits the advantages of in-vacuum analysis. This has been achieved by designing a tiny open port in the wall of the reaction chamber to be sealed with a small flat area of sample body where its analysis is of interest. As a case study, two samples of gas turbine blades, a corroded one at highly corrosive environment and a refurbished one after application of certain coatings are analysed using the novel chamber. Experimental results confirm the performance and capability of the reaction chamber.

Journal of Research on Archaeometry, 2021

This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 36 glass... more This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 36 glass fragments discovered from the Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites in northwestern Iran. The analyzed samples dating back to Sassanian /Islamic period. The glass objects in this study include decorative objects such as bracelet, pieces of vessels, and indefinites form such as chunk and raw materials, which are in different colors of light and dark green, emerald green, white, purple, turquoise, brown and black. Elemental analysis of these samples was performed using micro-PIXE technique in Van de Graaff Laboratory in the Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute in Tehran, Iran. By micro-PIXE analysis, the major and minor elements of these glasses were measured. Elements measured in all 36 samples include: sodium oxide (Na2O), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2), phosphorus oxide (P2O5), Sulfur oxide (SO3), chlorine (Cl), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium oxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (MnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Chromium oxide (Cr2O3), cobalt oxide (CoO), copper oxide (Cu2O), zinc oxide (ZnO), strontium oxide (SrO) and lead oxide (PbO) were also measured in a number of samples. In addition, one sample contains barium oxide (BaO) and two samples contain tin oxide (SnO2) and arsenic oxide (As2O5). According to elemental analysis results, the important questions in technology and manufacturing technique, determining the raw materials used in manufacturing, determining the type of glass as well as investigation of trade and exchange of raw materials about analyzed glasses are answered. Furthermore, to investigate the provenance of artifacts and to determine the differences in the elemental compositions of glass excavated from Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites, our elemental composition results have been combined and compared with the reported results from other sites of the Eastern Mediterranean countries, such as Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and neighboring countries of Iran such as Iraq.

Significant evidence of the lustre has been discovered during the excavation and restoration of t... more Significant evidence of the lustre has been discovered during the excavation and restoration of the historical Arg-e Bam. 24 samples of these lustres are kept in the pottery bank and Exhibition of the Arg Bam. There are the following questions about them: what are the characteristic features of the lustrewares in the pottery bank and exhibition of the Arg-e Bam? Where is the production center of these lustrewares based on laboratory results? What local pottery traditions have existed in the production of lustreware in Kerman? After classification and typology of the lustrewares, 10 pieces have been chosen as the samples to perform elemental analysis of the body and glaze by the micro-PIXE method. The results of the elemental analysis of the paste and glaze indicated that these samples are of local origin and their raw materials are supplied from mines in Bam, Jiroft, or Kerman and produced in the same area. Therefore, the variety that can be seen in the color, pattern, and paste of these lustrewares is not due to their production in several centers in Iran, but due to production in different periods from the early to the late Islamic centuries in several local workshops in Kerman,

O desenvolvimento de processos biotecnologicos industriais que utilizem recursos naturais renovav... more O desenvolvimento de processos biotecnologicos industriais que utilizem recursos naturais renovaveis e uma necessidade que se faz presente nos dias atuais, dada a preocupacao com o abastecimento de petroleo e o desenvolvimento sustentavel. Um grande interesse pelos processos fermentativos para producao de acidos carboxilicos a partir de recursos renovaveis tem sido despertado, sendo a producao de acido lactico uma das mais importantes entre os acidos orgânicos. A grande variedade de aplicacoes e o desenvolvimento de novos usos e produtos, como na producao de polimeros biodegradaveis (poli- acido lactico), solventes verdes e quimicos oxigenados, fizeram com que a producao de acido lactico crescesse consideravelmente nas ultimas decadas e estimulasse a pesquisa por tecnologias que tornem o processo mais viavel economicamente. No caso do acido lactico, o desenvolvimento de um metodo eficaz de separacao e purificacao do acido a partir do caldo de cana-de-acucar fermentado, sem a geracao de efluentes, e de suma importância, pois o processo de separacao e purificacao corresponde a, aproximadamente, 50% do custo de producao. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar tres estrategias para separacao e concentracao do acido lactico produzido por via fermentativa, utilizando, a saber: um sistema hibrido de destilacao molecular, um sistema de destilacao reativa e acoplando as duas tecnologias sequencialmente. Foram aplicados planejamentos experimentais para a determinacao das melhores condicoes operacionais de cada processo e, por fim, foram definidas as melhores condicoes e sequencias operacionais para a concentracao, separacao e purificacao do acido lactico. Os resultados mostraram que utilizar tanto o sistema hibrido de destilacao molecular quanto o sistema de destilacao reativa sao efetivos para a separacao e concentracao do acido lactico. Apos a otimizacao da etapa de destilacao molecular hibrida, foi possivel a obtencao de acido lactico com 89,71% de pureza. Em relacao a destilacao reativa, foi possivel obter 100% de rendimento de lactato de etila na etapa de esterificacao e concentrar 2,4 vezes o acido lactico, com 26,32% de pureza, apos a etapa de hidrolise. Utilizando a destilacao molecular hibrida e destilacao reativa em sequencia, obteve-se acido lactico 4,7 vezes mais concentrado, com 21,97% de pureza. A destilacao molecular hibrida apresentou o maior indice de desempenho de purificacao, sendo a tecnologia de separacao e purificacao mais promissora para o acido lactico. Para finalizar o trabalho, foi desenvolvida a simulacao de uma planta virtual para realizar a purificacao do acido lactico proveniente da fermentacao utilizando a destilacao reativa. Abstract

The specific aspects of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for near surface and thin film characterization a... more The specific aspects of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for near surface and thin film characterization are discussed. The application of IBA techniques in material science, surface physics, thin film deposition and crystal growth has been investigated. In this paper, we report some new obtained results in Van De Graaff Laboratory on the different samples after installation of Channeling and Micro-Beam systems. The aim of this paper is description of the IBA techniques capabilities in material analysis.

Journal of Materials Science, Feb 24, 2023

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Dec 5, 2022

DANESH-e- HEFAZAT va MAREMMAT, Oct 10, 2017

X-Ray Spectrometry, 2009

... P. Oliaiy,; D. Agha-Aligol,; F. Shokouhi,; M. Lamehi-Rachti. Article first published online: ... more ... P. Oliaiy,; D. Agha-Aligol,; F. Shokouhi,; M. Lamehi-Rachti. Article first published online: 13 JUL 2009. ... Oliaiy, P., Agha-Aligol, D., Shokouhi, F. and Lamehi-Rachti, M. (2009), Analysis of Iranian postage stamps belonging to the Qajar dynasty (18th–20th century's) by micro-PIXE. ...

Journal of Materials Science

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Journal of Research on Archaeometry

Researchers and archeologists have always been interested in the elemental analysis of obsidian a... more Researchers and archeologists have always been interested in the elemental analysis of obsidian artifacts. Measurement of the elemental composition of obsidians provides a lot of information about trade and exchange between different regions and cultures in early societies. This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 17 obsidian artifacts excavated in two seasons in 2018 and 2019 from the Tole Khari prehistoric site in the Pasargad complex in the Fars Province of Iran. Elemental analysis of these obsidians performed by micro-PIXE technique in Van de Graaff Laboratory in the Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute (NSTRI) in Tehran, Iran. In this research, to study the provenance of obsidians obtained from Tal Khari, we combined and compared our results with elemental composition results reported from known sources of obsidian in Anatolia and Armenia. The results show that the obsidians from Tole Khari Tolclassified into two different groups based on elemental composition, in particular according to the concentration of Fe2O3, MnO, TiO2, and Al2O3. By comparing the obsidians of Tole Khari with obsidians from various sites in Anatolia and Armenia, it was found that the first group of obsidians from Tole Khari overlaps with obsidians from Bingol A in Anatolia, and the second group of these obsidians fits into obsidians from Nenezi Dag, Pasinler and Meydan Dag in central and eastern Anatolia. Therefore, it is probable and possible that the obsidians excavated in Tole Khari have supplied from known obsidian sources in Anatolia using a very long range of trade and exchange network, which was about 1000 to 1900 km.

The study and measurement of elemental compositions of historical pottery have particular importa... more The study and measurement of elemental compositions of historical pottery have particular importance. Only by knowing the elemental composition of these historical artifacts can precious information be obtained in various fields such as technology and manufacturing technique, determination of raw materials used in manufacturing and their diversity, the study of trade and exchange, and provenance study of these historical objects. In this article, 14 pieces of glazed artifacts, including the remaining nine dishes and five tiles belonging to the middle of the Islamic period, have been analyzed and examined using the micro-PIXE technique.The pottery studied in this article have been obtained from the second season of archaeological excavation in the ancient site of Kohneh Gorab Amlash in Gilan province in 2021. In the present study, the elemental compositions of the main body, the base glaze, and the surface decorations used in these pieces have been measured using the micro-PIXE analy...

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008

Porous silicon (PS) is widely utilized in gas sensors. Palladium is a good choice to sensitize th... more Porous silicon (PS) is widely utilized in gas sensors. Palladium is a good choice to sensitize the surface of PS to hydrogen. Ideally for highest sensitivity of the sensor, all the pores of PS should be completely covered with palladium. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) technique is routinely used to determine depth profile of elements in thin layers. By using microbeam analysis as a complementary technique, we clearly observed the lateral image of penetrated Pd in depth. In this work, we used electrochemically anodizedsilicon wafer doped with Pd by the electroless process. In our analysis, we intentionally characterized both the area of PS where Electric Field is applied during silicon etching (EF area) and the Field Free region (FF area) of the sample. Microbeam analysis show that EF area of the sample is covered with thicker palladium layer, but the pores are rarely filled in this area, while in the FF area of the sample, there is a thin palladium film on the silicon surface, but the pores are partially filled. We used a computational simulation method based on columnar pore structure and linear variation of Pd depth profile in pores and determined the lateral variation of Pd penetration in pores in both parts of the sample. These simulations showed that there are 180 ± 80 nm thick Pd layer with 300 ± 200 nm penetration in pores in EF region and 80 ± 40 nm thin Pd layer with 800 ± 200 nm penetrate in pores in FF region.

The European Physical Journal D, 2012

Abstract.High Vacuum thermal evaporation was used to grow germanium islands on the silicon substr... more Abstract.High Vacuum thermal evaporation was used to grow germanium islands on the silicon substrate covered by silicon oxide. The Ge nano-islands were formed by thermal annealing at different temperatures from 500 °C to 700 °C. Formation of islands was studied by various analytical techniques. The thickness of Ge layer was determined by rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Also, combined with channeling technique, the composition and probable contaminants during synthesis processes were investigated. To explore the islands size and shape, both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used. Then the topographical images of surfaces were studied by AFM. The outcome of experimental evaluations of growth mechanism has indicated that with increasing the annealing temperature up to 700 °C, Ge islands were appeared from a uniform layer. Moreover, the statistical assessments of surfaces have shown that the nano-island’s sizes can be varied from several hundred nanometers to 30 nm by growing the annealing temperature. The reduction of the size along with an increase of the number of nano-islands after each thermal treatment is a major factor to prohibit us from seeing their clear images in AFM. The possibility of running statistical estimation on islands, instead, is the powerful tool of extracting and probing the distribution and the shape of Ge island’s peak in AFM images.

Applied Surface Science, 2009

Surfaces and Interfaces Volume 25, August 2021, 101168, 2021

Nishapur is a historical city in the ancient Khorasan region, located in the northeast of Iran. D... more Nishapur is a historical city in the ancient Khorasan region, located in the northeast of Iran. Due to its location on the Silk Road, Nishapur enjoyed great economic prosperity and as a result contains many archaeological sites from prehistoric to post-Islamic periods. Shahrak-e Firouzeh is one such site, dating back to 2nd millennium BC, containing numerous metallic objects and metallurgic remains from silver refining by cupellation. This study investigates the manufacture of a unique silver lidded dish decorated with bas-relief mythological designs. Different techniques, including SEM-EDS, micro-PIXE, and Metallography were used to characterize the dish. Results obtained by micro-PIXE and SEM-EDS reveal the use of an intentional silver alloy containing about 92 wt.% silver and about 3.80 wt.% copper. Date also suggested the use of an advanced silver extraction process to obtain high purity silver. The presence of elements such as calcium were associated with exposure to the burial environment and the extraction process. Metallographic examination revealed that this extremely thin object was decorated with complex bas-relief designs which had been produced by cold working, and annealing based upon the presence of twin straight lines on some parts of the surface and the changing gradation in tiny grains and twin uneven lines on the raised parts.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008

A novel vacuum chamber for ion beam analysis of large-size industrial samples-whose analysis are ... more A novel vacuum chamber for ion beam analysis of large-size industrial samples-whose analysis are not feasible in conventional ion beam analysis reaction chambers-has been designed, fabricated and successfully tested. Using the newly developed chamber, both PIXE and RBS analyses could be carried out at the same time and on the same point of the samples. Ion beam analysis using this novel chamber lacks the disadvantages of external beam analysis and benefits the advantages of in-vacuum analysis. This has been achieved by designing a tiny open port in the wall of the reaction chamber to be sealed with a small flat area of sample body where its analysis is of interest. As a case study, two samples of gas turbine blades, a corroded one at highly corrosive environment and a refurbished one after application of certain coatings are analysed using the novel chamber. Experimental results confirm the performance and capability of the reaction chamber.

Journal of Research on Archaeometry, 2021

This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 36 glass... more This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 36 glass fragments discovered from the Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites in northwestern Iran. The analyzed samples dating back to Sassanian /Islamic period. The glass objects in this study include decorative objects such as bracelet, pieces of vessels, and indefinites form such as chunk and raw materials, which are in different colors of light and dark green, emerald green, white, purple, turquoise, brown and black. Elemental analysis of these samples was performed using micro-PIXE technique in Van de Graaff Laboratory in the Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute in Tehran, Iran. By micro-PIXE analysis, the major and minor elements of these glasses were measured. Elements measured in all 36 samples include: sodium oxide (Na2O), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2), phosphorus oxide (P2O5), Sulfur oxide (SO3), chlorine (Cl), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium oxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (MnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Chromium oxide (Cr2O3), cobalt oxide (CoO), copper oxide (Cu2O), zinc oxide (ZnO), strontium oxide (SrO) and lead oxide (PbO) were also measured in a number of samples. In addition, one sample contains barium oxide (BaO) and two samples contain tin oxide (SnO2) and arsenic oxide (As2O5). According to elemental analysis results, the important questions in technology and manufacturing technique, determining the raw materials used in manufacturing, determining the type of glass as well as investigation of trade and exchange of raw materials about analyzed glasses are answered. Furthermore, to investigate the provenance of artifacts and to determine the differences in the elemental compositions of glass excavated from Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites, our elemental composition results have been combined and compared with the reported results from other sites of the Eastern Mediterranean countries, such as Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and neighboring countries of Iran such as Iraq.

Significant evidence of the lustre has been discovered during the excavation and restoration of t... more Significant evidence of the lustre has been discovered during the excavation and restoration of the historical Arg-e Bam. 24 samples of these lustres are kept in the pottery bank and Exhibition of the Arg Bam. There are the following questions about them: what are the characteristic features of the lustrewares in the pottery bank and exhibition of the Arg-e Bam? Where is the production center of these lustrewares based on laboratory results? What local pottery traditions have existed in the production of lustreware in Kerman? After classification and typology of the lustrewares, 10 pieces have been chosen as the samples to perform elemental analysis of the body and glaze by the micro-PIXE method. The results of the elemental analysis of the paste and glaze indicated that these samples are of local origin and their raw materials are supplied from mines in Bam, Jiroft, or Kerman and produced in the same area. Therefore, the variety that can be seen in the color, pattern, and paste of these lustrewares is not due to their production in several centers in Iran, but due to production in different periods from the early to the late Islamic centuries in several local workshops in Kerman,

O desenvolvimento de processos biotecnologicos industriais que utilizem recursos naturais renovav... more O desenvolvimento de processos biotecnologicos industriais que utilizem recursos naturais renovaveis e uma necessidade que se faz presente nos dias atuais, dada a preocupacao com o abastecimento de petroleo e o desenvolvimento sustentavel. Um grande interesse pelos processos fermentativos para producao de acidos carboxilicos a partir de recursos renovaveis tem sido despertado, sendo a producao de acido lactico uma das mais importantes entre os acidos orgânicos. A grande variedade de aplicacoes e o desenvolvimento de novos usos e produtos, como na producao de polimeros biodegradaveis (poli- acido lactico), solventes verdes e quimicos oxigenados, fizeram com que a producao de acido lactico crescesse consideravelmente nas ultimas decadas e estimulasse a pesquisa por tecnologias que tornem o processo mais viavel economicamente. No caso do acido lactico, o desenvolvimento de um metodo eficaz de separacao e purificacao do acido a partir do caldo de cana-de-acucar fermentado, sem a geracao de efluentes, e de suma importância, pois o processo de separacao e purificacao corresponde a, aproximadamente, 50% do custo de producao. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar tres estrategias para separacao e concentracao do acido lactico produzido por via fermentativa, utilizando, a saber: um sistema hibrido de destilacao molecular, um sistema de destilacao reativa e acoplando as duas tecnologias sequencialmente. Foram aplicados planejamentos experimentais para a determinacao das melhores condicoes operacionais de cada processo e, por fim, foram definidas as melhores condicoes e sequencias operacionais para a concentracao, separacao e purificacao do acido lactico. Os resultados mostraram que utilizar tanto o sistema hibrido de destilacao molecular quanto o sistema de destilacao reativa sao efetivos para a separacao e concentracao do acido lactico. Apos a otimizacao da etapa de destilacao molecular hibrida, foi possivel a obtencao de acido lactico com 89,71% de pureza. Em relacao a destilacao reativa, foi possivel obter 100% de rendimento de lactato de etila na etapa de esterificacao e concentrar 2,4 vezes o acido lactico, com 26,32% de pureza, apos a etapa de hidrolise. Utilizando a destilacao molecular hibrida e destilacao reativa em sequencia, obteve-se acido lactico 4,7 vezes mais concentrado, com 21,97% de pureza. A destilacao molecular hibrida apresentou o maior indice de desempenho de purificacao, sendo a tecnologia de separacao e purificacao mais promissora para o acido lactico. Para finalizar o trabalho, foi desenvolvida a simulacao de uma planta virtual para realizar a purificacao do acido lactico proveniente da fermentacao utilizando a destilacao reativa. Abstract

The specific aspects of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for near surface and thin film characterization a... more The specific aspects of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for near surface and thin film characterization are discussed. The application of IBA techniques in material science, surface physics, thin film deposition and crystal growth has been investigated. In this paper, we report some new obtained results in Van De Graaff Laboratory on the different samples after installation of Channeling and Micro-Beam systems. The aim of this paper is description of the IBA techniques capabilities in material analysis.