Dean Cooley - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dean Cooley

Research paper thumbnail of First International Sports Science and Sports Medicine Conference Newcastle upon Tyne, 20-22 August 2009 Abstracts of original communications

British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009

s of original communications 001 FROM INJURY TO RECORD BREAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON INTE... more s of original communications 001 FROM INJURY TO RECORD BREAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON INTERDISCIPLINARY SPORTS SCIENCE SUPPORT TO AN ELITE ULTRA DISTANCE RUNNER MD Wright, D Cooper, 12C Harrison, D Cooley, L Flemming. Social Sciences & Law, Teesside University, Middlesborough, UK; English Institute of Sport, Newcastle, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886a The Libyan Challenge is a 190 km desert run and is one of the most extreme ultra distance races in the world. Athletes must be self sufficient, carrying food and nutrients in a backpack. In preparation for the event an interdisciplinary sports science team provided support to a 41-year-old elite athlete to assist in her goal of winning the race. During consultation, the athlete expressed concerns about the effect of the environment and backpack on performance. The athlete had also suffered an acute achilles tendinopathy 15 weeks before the race, preventing her from running and affecting confidence. The support team included a sports therapist, sports psychologist, physiologist, nutritionist, and strength and conditioning coach. Initial support focused on rehabilitation, consisting of a progressive eccentric plantar flexion strength programme and previous success of an eccentric programme (3610 repetitions) in the contralateral limb. Return to running was assessed via isokinetic evaluation at speeds determined by prior biomechanical analyses. Simultaneously, a crosstraining intervention maintaining aerobic conditioning was prescribed with a progressive strength programme to increase leg strength and neuromuscular stability. After successful rehabilitation, running was gradually introduced (11 weeks before race) until the athlete had returned to normal training (7 weeks before race). Appropriate nutrition that was non-perishable, easily ingested, energy dense and portable was identified and examined for feasibility in an environmental chamber (38uC, 25% humidity) during maximal running performance. Gradually specific backpack and sand running were introduced at 5 weeks and combined at 4 weeks. Two weeks prior to the event the athlete underwent a taper period and acclimatisation sessions (36 per week, 38uC). The athlete finished as the first female and broke the course record, with no reoccurrence of injury. This case study supports an interdisciplinary approach to applied sports science as a model of good practice. 002 PSEUDO-WINGING FOLLOWING MIDSHAFT CLAVICLE FRACTURE IN CYCLISTS MA Akhtar, CM Robinson. Shoulder Injury Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886b The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of pseudowinging after midshaft clavicle fracture and correlate it with the functional outcomes in cyclists. Methods: A prospective study was conducted between September 2008 and April 2009. Scapulothoracic movement was recorded for all the patients with clavicle fracture after union and reviewed by two blind observers. The functional outcomes were assessed by using the validated Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. There were 36 patients (33 males and three females) with mean age of 29 years. All patients had a pain-free full range of motion of their shoulder girdle. 25 patients (70%) had non-operative treatment of their clavicle fracture which resulted in malunion. 15 patients (60%) had scapular prominence, and 15 patients (60%) had pseudo-winging in the non-operative group. 8 (53%) patients had mild, 8 (53%) had moderate and 1 (6%) had severe pseudo-winging. 11 patients had primary operative treatment of their clavicle fractures. Two patients (18%) had scapular prominence, and 3 (27%) had pseudo-winging in the operative group. The median DASH score was 2.5 with a range of 0–66 for the patients with pseudo-winging and 2.5 with a range of 0–34 for the patients without pseudo-winging. We concluded that there was a high incidence (60%) of pseudo-winging after non-operative treatment of clavicle fractures in cyclists. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pseudo-winging between the operative and non-operative groups. There was also no correlation between the pseudo-winging and the functional outcomes. 003 PLAYING HURT AND OTHER ISSUES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN SPORTS MEDICINE LE Hammond, JM Lilley, GD Pope, WJ Ribbans. University of Nottingham, Division of Physiotherapy Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK; University of Northampton, Northampton, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886c Sports injury surveillance methodology is a contemporary issue, with numerous authors striving to improve both reliability and validity across various aspects of surveillance. This paper describes a series of observations from a robustly conducted injury surveillance study of three professional team sports, that affect the accuracy of injury surveillance and present potentially confounding factors…

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of two different shuttle run tests for the estimation of VO2max

PubMed, Jun 1, 1996

The aims of this experiment were twofold. The first was to determine whether there was a signific... more The aims of this experiment were twofold. The first was to determine whether there was a significant difference between two types of 20-m shuttle run test used to estimate VO2max, these being the Canadian version (CT) and the European versione (ET). The second aim was to determine which of the two tests best estimated direct VO2 measurement in our laboratory. To accomplish the first aim, 500 schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 years were randomly chosen from schools within Tasmania to undertake the two tests within seven days of each other. On the day of testing the children were assigned to one of the two tests and had no knowledge as to which test was being undertaken. Half of the children underwent the CT test first while the other half undertook the ET test first. Seven days after the first test was completed the appropriate second test was undertaken. The instructions to each child centred around the necessity to complete as many shuttles as possible staying in time with a pre-recorded signal. A relationship between the two sets of shuttle run data indicated that there was a significant correlation between the ET and CT, r = 0.834 (p < 0.0001). A Student's "t" test revealed that when the estimates of VO2max were compared however, there was a significant difference between the two tests (p < 0.0001). The ET estimated (Mean +/- SEM) VO2max at 34.9 +/- 0.45 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas the CT estimated VO2max at 43.3 +/- 0.40 ml.kg-1.min-1. When this data was correlated, the co-efficient dropped to r = 0.761 which was still significant (p < 0.001). In order to accomplish the second aim, fifty children were chosen at random to undertake a VO2max test (DM) which was conducted via standard open circuit spirometry using a Quinton Metabolic Cart (QMC). The highest correlation was DM:ET being r = 0.93 whereas DM:CT was r = 0.87, both being significant at p < 0.001. When the data was compared there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between DM and ET. DM measured VO2max as 37.6 +/- 0.37 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas ET underestimated DM and measured VO2max at 34.7 +/- 0.56 ml.kg-1.min-1. The CT (41.9 +/- 0.62 ml.kg-1.min-1) over estimated DM by 11.4% however, the difference here also being significant (p < 0.01). This results of this study would suggest that teachers and coaches should use either one test or the other in the estimation of VO2max as the two tests differ significantly in their estimation. Of these two test versions, the ET underestimates direct VO2max measurement but is more accurate than the CT, so we feel this is the test of choice.

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic Fitness of Tasmanian Secondary School Children Using the 20-M Shuttle Run Test

Perceptual and Motor Skills, Feb 1, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children... more The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children aged 11 to 16 years. A random sample of Tasmanian secondary schools was undertaken and then all children within each grade in the school were tested. In all, 6061 children undertook the test, 2981 boys and 3080 girls. The test consisted of a 20-m shuttle run in time to a prerecorded timing sequence. Each child had to complete as many shuttles as possible while staying in time with the beep. The test ceased for each child when they could no longer reach the marker at the same time or prior to the generated sound. The analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of grade and sex. Children in lower grades completed fewer shuttles than the children in higher grades, and boys completed more shuttles than girls within each grade. Students in government-run schools completed significantly fewer shuttles than their nongovernment school counterparts ( p

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation of the assumptions of self-handicapping : youth responses to evaluative threat in the physical domain

Research paper thumbnail of Intentions and Behaviours: Record-Keeping Practices of Pre-Service Teachers During Professional Experience

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Jun 1, 2013

The current expectation of teachers in Australia is that they are able to collect, interpret, and... more The current expectation of teachers in Australia is that they are able to collect, interpret, and use data related to teaching and learning. Digital technologies in schools, such as electronic methods of record-keeping, offer enhanced opportunities for teachers to perform this skill, and its application has been growing steadily in education. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine fourth-year pre-service teachers' behaviour in record-keeping whilst on their final professional experience placement. Using Ajzen's (1992) theory of planned behavior, this study found that most pre-service teachers exhibited positive attitudes toward the behaviour of recording, using, and analysing classroom data. Despite this positive attitude, many pre-service teachers were unable to maintain any system of record-keeping whilst on placement. For many, this was due to a number of external influences or perceived external influences, which acted as a constraint to their behaviour. Background Using the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) as a framework, a survey on the attitudes toward behaviour and another on perceived behavioural control were used to gather data about the use of information communication technology (ICT) from 34 pre-service students in their final year of a Bachelor of Human Movement. More specifically, this study investigated how pre-service teachers used ICT to collect, record, interpret and use classroom data on their students during professional experience.

Research paper thumbnail of Participant Chinese teacher and student perceptions of an international teaching practicum with Australian pre-service teachers

Intercultural Education, Jul 9, 2020

Insights into local Chinese teacher and student views of an international teaching practicum with... more Insights into local Chinese teacher and student views of an international teaching practicum with Australian pre-service teachers are the focus of this paper. A qualitative content analysis was undertaken on teacher and student accounts captured through individual interviews with four teachers and questionnaire survey with 186 students. The paper uncovers how teachers and students perceived what they experienced in the practice of intercultural communication on teaching and learning. Emphasised in the analysis is the importance of situating discussions within the Chinese social cultural context, acknowledging the influence of traditional Chinese cultural values and educational conceptions on their teaching and learning practice. The findings reveal meaningful insights into intercultural comprehension involving teaching strategies, learning content and assessment and classroom management. The study's findings highlighted that this international teaching practicum was a beneficial and valuable experience for participant Chinese students and teachers. The study also highlighted a potential gap in the preparation of Australian pre-service teachers and the Chinese students and Chinese teachers, regarding culturally specific and culturally aware competencies.

Research paper thumbnail of Blood Pressure Response to Interrupting Workplace Sitting Time With Non-Exercise Physical Activity

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep 1, 2018

Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure (BP) effects of a yearlong e-health solution designed t... more Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure (BP) effects of a yearlong e-health solution designed to interrupt prolonged occupational sitting time. Methods: BP data of 228 desk-based employees (45.1 AE 10.5 years) were analyzed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results: Systolic BP significantly reduced from baseline for the first 9 months (1.0 to 3.4 mmHg; P < 0.01) while diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased for the full 12-months (4 to 5 mmHg for diastolic pressure and 3.6 to 4.2 mmHg for MAP; all P < 0.01). Participants used the e-health solution 5.5 AE 2.0 times/day in the first 3 months which reduced to 4.2 AE 2.5 times/day by the end of the study (P < 0.05). Conclusions: An e-health solution designed to increase non-exercise physical activity by interrupting sitting time in the workplace is feasible and produced long-term reductions in blood pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

The Journal of Psychology, Sep 1, 1999

... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY RE... more ... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY REBECCA GINN Centre for Human Movement Studies University of Tasmania ABSTRACT. ... (1992) revealed that Australian and Page 3. Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn 525 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Educators’ Efficacy in Utilising Paraprofessionals in an Inclusive Setting

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2014

Inclusion of students with disabilities (SwD) in Australian health and physical education (HPE) c... more Inclusion of students with disabilities (SwD) in Australian health and physical education (HPE) classes is on the rise. Reasonable adjustment to assist inclusive practice is often accomplished through the use of teaching assistants, or paraprofessionals. While this practice is commonly understood within the classroom, this approach remains obscure in the HPE setting. The purpose of this study was to explore how Australian HPE teachers utilise paraprofessionals when teaching SwD in inclusive environments. HPE teachers (N=14) completed an online questionnaire inquiring how paraprofessionals are being used and the strategies they are using to develop working relationships with paraprofessionals. The HPE teachers in our sample generally had a favourable attitudes towards the paraprofessionals they have worked with, however a lack of appropriate training and HPE curriculum knowledge were highlighted as deficient areas that may have an adverse effect on the overall HPE environment. Strategies to foster this collaborative working relationship were also investigated, and the primary finding dealt with adequate reciprocal communication.

Research paper thumbnail of Are Australian pre-service physical education teachers prepared to teach inclusive physical education?

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2014

Australian pre-service physical education (PE) teachers must be prepared for the reality of teach... more Australian pre-service physical education (PE) teachers must be prepared for the reality of teaching in inclusive classrooms. Past studies have indicated that the amount of academic preparedness can affect pre-service PE teachers' intentions to successfully teach in inclusive settings. The current study measured these intentions in a sample of pre-service PE teachers from two different universities. This modified survey required participants to respond to two separate scenarios: one teaching inclusive PE to a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and one to a student with autism. All participants completed an adapted PE unit with an embedded practicum of different lengths. Findings indicated that pre-service teachers' who experienced the larger adapted PE practicum had more favourable intentions towards teaching students with both disabilities compared to the other cohort. Implications of this research to improve Australian PE teacher training are discussed and recommendations are made.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing team cohesion

The Journal of Psychology, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article A Pilot Study of Increasing Nonpurposeful Movement Breaks at Work as a Means of Reducing Prolonged Sitting

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There is a plethora of workplace physical activity interventions designed to increase purposeful movement, yet few are designed to alleviate prolonged occupational sitting time. A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of a workplace e-health intervention based on a passive approach to increase nonpurposeful movement as a means of reducing sitting time. The study was trialled in a professional workplace with forty-six participants (33 females and 13 males) for a period of twenty-six weeks. Participants in the first thirteen weeks received a passive prompt every 45 minutes on their computer screen reminding them to stand and engage in nonpurposeful activity throughout their workday. After thirteen weeks, the prompt was disabled, and participants were then free to voluntary engage the software. Results demonstrated that when employees were exp...

Research paper thumbnail of Designing purposeful health breaks at work

Research paper thumbnail of Fundamental Movement Patterns in Tasmanian Primary School Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1997

Gross motor development, using the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated in 7– and 10-... more Gross motor development, using the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated in 7– and 10-yr.-old Tasmanian school children ( N = 574) to provide normative data for primary school children. The effects of daily physical education, time spent on physical education per week, schools with and without a trained physical educator, motor skill training programs, and their effects upon development of fundamental movement patterns was also investigated. Time spent on physical education instruction per week, significantly influenced Gross Motor Development scores in that the more time spent on physical education, the higher the score. Having a motor skill training program in the school was significant for 10-yr.-olds. A review of daily physical education with perhaps a goal of greater emphasis on manipulative control skills such as kicking, throwing, and striking should take place especially for girls, as their scores were significantly lower than those of boys.

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of Several Methods of Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young Men

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of... more The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean ± SE) age 20.14 ± 0.34 yr., height 179.4 ± 1.8 cm, weight 73.7±2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 ± 1.1 ml · kg−1 · min.−1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other difieren .es. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, wit1 the 12-min run having the highest correlation of .87, follo...

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic Fitness of Tasmanian Secondary School Children Using the 20-M Shuttle Run Test

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children... more The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children aged 11 to 16 years. A random sample of Tasmanian secondary schools was undertaken and then all children within each grade in the school were tested. In all, 6061 children undertook the test, 2981 boys and 3080 girls. The test consisted of a 20-m shuttle run in time to a prerecorded timing sequence. Each child had to complete as many shuttles as possible while staying in time with the beep. The test ceased for each child when they could no longer reach the marker at the same time or prior to the generated sound. The analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of grade and sex. Children in lower grades completed fewer shuttles than the children in higher grades, and boys completed more shuttles than girls within each grade. Students in government-run schools completed significantly fewer shuttles than their nongovernment school counterparts ( p

Research paper thumbnail of Alteration of Mood State After a Single Bout of Noncompetitive and Competitive Exercise Programs

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2001

This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-b... more This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-being of university students. 44 students in three physical activity classes enrolled in the Fitness for Life Program at Montana State University which included circuit training, weight training, and racquetball were administered the Profile of Mood States scale 5 min. before and 5 min. after one bout of physical activity. Two of the three activities appeared to be associated positively with scores on certain subscales. The results supported positive psychological well-being of students after physical activity. Implications for research are presented.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

The Journal of Psychology, 1999

... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY RE... more ... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY REBECCA GINN Centre for Human Movement Studies University of Tasmania ABSTRACT. ... (1992) revealed that Australian and Page 3. Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn 525 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of trait and situational self-handicapping on competitive anxiety among athletes

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Education on Compliance to a Workplace Health and Wellbeing Intervention: Closing the Loop

Universal journal of public health, 2013

Desk-based worksites are increasingly the focus of workplace health and wellbeing interventions. ... more Desk-based worksites are increasingly the focus of workplace health and wellbeing interventions. These interventions often utilize an educational session prior to participants engaging, yet limited studies have specifically examined the effect education has on compliance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pre-intervention participant education had on the odds of compliance to a passive e-health software program designed to increase non-exercise activity thermogenesis throughout the workday. Participants in the experimental group (n=46) were exposed to multifaceted pre-intervention participant education one day prior to initiating the e-health software intervention for an eight-week study period. The control group (n=33) also received the intervention for eight weeks, however these participants received no education prior to initiation. The e-health software had a self-report progress recording function, which recorded all logged movement entries to gain frequen...

Research paper thumbnail of First International Sports Science and Sports Medicine Conference Newcastle upon Tyne, 20-22 August 2009 Abstracts of original communications

British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009

s of original communications 001 FROM INJURY TO RECORD BREAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON INTE... more s of original communications 001 FROM INJURY TO RECORD BREAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON INTERDISCIPLINARY SPORTS SCIENCE SUPPORT TO AN ELITE ULTRA DISTANCE RUNNER MD Wright, D Cooper, 12C Harrison, D Cooley, L Flemming. Social Sciences & Law, Teesside University, Middlesborough, UK; English Institute of Sport, Newcastle, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886a The Libyan Challenge is a 190 km desert run and is one of the most extreme ultra distance races in the world. Athletes must be self sufficient, carrying food and nutrients in a backpack. In preparation for the event an interdisciplinary sports science team provided support to a 41-year-old elite athlete to assist in her goal of winning the race. During consultation, the athlete expressed concerns about the effect of the environment and backpack on performance. The athlete had also suffered an acute achilles tendinopathy 15 weeks before the race, preventing her from running and affecting confidence. The support team included a sports therapist, sports psychologist, physiologist, nutritionist, and strength and conditioning coach. Initial support focused on rehabilitation, consisting of a progressive eccentric plantar flexion strength programme and previous success of an eccentric programme (3610 repetitions) in the contralateral limb. Return to running was assessed via isokinetic evaluation at speeds determined by prior biomechanical analyses. Simultaneously, a crosstraining intervention maintaining aerobic conditioning was prescribed with a progressive strength programme to increase leg strength and neuromuscular stability. After successful rehabilitation, running was gradually introduced (11 weeks before race) until the athlete had returned to normal training (7 weeks before race). Appropriate nutrition that was non-perishable, easily ingested, energy dense and portable was identified and examined for feasibility in an environmental chamber (38uC, 25% humidity) during maximal running performance. Gradually specific backpack and sand running were introduced at 5 weeks and combined at 4 weeks. Two weeks prior to the event the athlete underwent a taper period and acclimatisation sessions (36 per week, 38uC). The athlete finished as the first female and broke the course record, with no reoccurrence of injury. This case study supports an interdisciplinary approach to applied sports science as a model of good practice. 002 PSEUDO-WINGING FOLLOWING MIDSHAFT CLAVICLE FRACTURE IN CYCLISTS MA Akhtar, CM Robinson. Shoulder Injury Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886b The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of pseudowinging after midshaft clavicle fracture and correlate it with the functional outcomes in cyclists. Methods: A prospective study was conducted between September 2008 and April 2009. Scapulothoracic movement was recorded for all the patients with clavicle fracture after union and reviewed by two blind observers. The functional outcomes were assessed by using the validated Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. There were 36 patients (33 males and three females) with mean age of 29 years. All patients had a pain-free full range of motion of their shoulder girdle. 25 patients (70%) had non-operative treatment of their clavicle fracture which resulted in malunion. 15 patients (60%) had scapular prominence, and 15 patients (60%) had pseudo-winging in the non-operative group. 8 (53%) patients had mild, 8 (53%) had moderate and 1 (6%) had severe pseudo-winging. 11 patients had primary operative treatment of their clavicle fractures. Two patients (18%) had scapular prominence, and 3 (27%) had pseudo-winging in the operative group. The median DASH score was 2.5 with a range of 0–66 for the patients with pseudo-winging and 2.5 with a range of 0–34 for the patients without pseudo-winging. We concluded that there was a high incidence (60%) of pseudo-winging after non-operative treatment of clavicle fractures in cyclists. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pseudo-winging between the operative and non-operative groups. There was also no correlation between the pseudo-winging and the functional outcomes. 003 PLAYING HURT AND OTHER ISSUES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN SPORTS MEDICINE LE Hammond, JM Lilley, GD Pope, WJ Ribbans. University of Nottingham, Division of Physiotherapy Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK; University of Northampton, Northampton, UK doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.066886c Sports injury surveillance methodology is a contemporary issue, with numerous authors striving to improve both reliability and validity across various aspects of surveillance. This paper describes a series of observations from a robustly conducted injury surveillance study of three professional team sports, that affect the accuracy of injury surveillance and present potentially confounding factors…

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of two different shuttle run tests for the estimation of VO2max

PubMed, Jun 1, 1996

The aims of this experiment were twofold. The first was to determine whether there was a signific... more The aims of this experiment were twofold. The first was to determine whether there was a significant difference between two types of 20-m shuttle run test used to estimate VO2max, these being the Canadian version (CT) and the European versione (ET). The second aim was to determine which of the two tests best estimated direct VO2 measurement in our laboratory. To accomplish the first aim, 500 schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 years were randomly chosen from schools within Tasmania to undertake the two tests within seven days of each other. On the day of testing the children were assigned to one of the two tests and had no knowledge as to which test was being undertaken. Half of the children underwent the CT test first while the other half undertook the ET test first. Seven days after the first test was completed the appropriate second test was undertaken. The instructions to each child centred around the necessity to complete as many shuttles as possible staying in time with a pre-recorded signal. A relationship between the two sets of shuttle run data indicated that there was a significant correlation between the ET and CT, r = 0.834 (p < 0.0001). A Student's "t" test revealed that when the estimates of VO2max were compared however, there was a significant difference between the two tests (p < 0.0001). The ET estimated (Mean +/- SEM) VO2max at 34.9 +/- 0.45 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas the CT estimated VO2max at 43.3 +/- 0.40 ml.kg-1.min-1. When this data was correlated, the co-efficient dropped to r = 0.761 which was still significant (p < 0.001). In order to accomplish the second aim, fifty children were chosen at random to undertake a VO2max test (DM) which was conducted via standard open circuit spirometry using a Quinton Metabolic Cart (QMC). The highest correlation was DM:ET being r = 0.93 whereas DM:CT was r = 0.87, both being significant at p < 0.001. When the data was compared there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between DM and ET. DM measured VO2max as 37.6 +/- 0.37 ml.kg-1.min-1 whereas ET underestimated DM and measured VO2max at 34.7 +/- 0.56 ml.kg-1.min-1. The CT (41.9 +/- 0.62 ml.kg-1.min-1) over estimated DM by 11.4% however, the difference here also being significant (p < 0.01). This results of this study would suggest that teachers and coaches should use either one test or the other in the estimation of VO2max as the two tests differ significantly in their estimation. Of these two test versions, the ET underestimates direct VO2max measurement but is more accurate than the CT, so we feel this is the test of choice.

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic Fitness of Tasmanian Secondary School Children Using the 20-M Shuttle Run Test

Perceptual and Motor Skills, Feb 1, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children... more The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children aged 11 to 16 years. A random sample of Tasmanian secondary schools was undertaken and then all children within each grade in the school were tested. In all, 6061 children undertook the test, 2981 boys and 3080 girls. The test consisted of a 20-m shuttle run in time to a prerecorded timing sequence. Each child had to complete as many shuttles as possible while staying in time with the beep. The test ceased for each child when they could no longer reach the marker at the same time or prior to the generated sound. The analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of grade and sex. Children in lower grades completed fewer shuttles than the children in higher grades, and boys completed more shuttles than girls within each grade. Students in government-run schools completed significantly fewer shuttles than their nongovernment school counterparts ( p

Research paper thumbnail of An investigation of the assumptions of self-handicapping : youth responses to evaluative threat in the physical domain

Research paper thumbnail of Intentions and Behaviours: Record-Keeping Practices of Pre-Service Teachers During Professional Experience

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Jun 1, 2013

The current expectation of teachers in Australia is that they are able to collect, interpret, and... more The current expectation of teachers in Australia is that they are able to collect, interpret, and use data related to teaching and learning. Digital technologies in schools, such as electronic methods of record-keeping, offer enhanced opportunities for teachers to perform this skill, and its application has been growing steadily in education. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine fourth-year pre-service teachers' behaviour in record-keeping whilst on their final professional experience placement. Using Ajzen's (1992) theory of planned behavior, this study found that most pre-service teachers exhibited positive attitudes toward the behaviour of recording, using, and analysing classroom data. Despite this positive attitude, many pre-service teachers were unable to maintain any system of record-keeping whilst on placement. For many, this was due to a number of external influences or perceived external influences, which acted as a constraint to their behaviour. Background Using the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) as a framework, a survey on the attitudes toward behaviour and another on perceived behavioural control were used to gather data about the use of information communication technology (ICT) from 34 pre-service students in their final year of a Bachelor of Human Movement. More specifically, this study investigated how pre-service teachers used ICT to collect, record, interpret and use classroom data on their students during professional experience.

Research paper thumbnail of Participant Chinese teacher and student perceptions of an international teaching practicum with Australian pre-service teachers

Intercultural Education, Jul 9, 2020

Insights into local Chinese teacher and student views of an international teaching practicum with... more Insights into local Chinese teacher and student views of an international teaching practicum with Australian pre-service teachers are the focus of this paper. A qualitative content analysis was undertaken on teacher and student accounts captured through individual interviews with four teachers and questionnaire survey with 186 students. The paper uncovers how teachers and students perceived what they experienced in the practice of intercultural communication on teaching and learning. Emphasised in the analysis is the importance of situating discussions within the Chinese social cultural context, acknowledging the influence of traditional Chinese cultural values and educational conceptions on their teaching and learning practice. The findings reveal meaningful insights into intercultural comprehension involving teaching strategies, learning content and assessment and classroom management. The study's findings highlighted that this international teaching practicum was a beneficial and valuable experience for participant Chinese students and teachers. The study also highlighted a potential gap in the preparation of Australian pre-service teachers and the Chinese students and Chinese teachers, regarding culturally specific and culturally aware competencies.

Research paper thumbnail of Blood Pressure Response to Interrupting Workplace Sitting Time With Non-Exercise Physical Activity

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep 1, 2018

Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure (BP) effects of a yearlong e-health solution designed t... more Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure (BP) effects of a yearlong e-health solution designed to interrupt prolonged occupational sitting time. Methods: BP data of 228 desk-based employees (45.1 AE 10.5 years) were analyzed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results: Systolic BP significantly reduced from baseline for the first 9 months (1.0 to 3.4 mmHg; P < 0.01) while diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased for the full 12-months (4 to 5 mmHg for diastolic pressure and 3.6 to 4.2 mmHg for MAP; all P < 0.01). Participants used the e-health solution 5.5 AE 2.0 times/day in the first 3 months which reduced to 4.2 AE 2.5 times/day by the end of the study (P < 0.05). Conclusions: An e-health solution designed to increase non-exercise physical activity by interrupting sitting time in the workplace is feasible and produced long-term reductions in blood pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

The Journal of Psychology, Sep 1, 1999

... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY RE... more ... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY REBECCA GINN Centre for Human Movement Studies University of Tasmania ABSTRACT. ... (1992) revealed that Australian and Page 3. Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn 525 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Educators’ Efficacy in Utilising Paraprofessionals in an Inclusive Setting

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2014

Inclusion of students with disabilities (SwD) in Australian health and physical education (HPE) c... more Inclusion of students with disabilities (SwD) in Australian health and physical education (HPE) classes is on the rise. Reasonable adjustment to assist inclusive practice is often accomplished through the use of teaching assistants, or paraprofessionals. While this practice is commonly understood within the classroom, this approach remains obscure in the HPE setting. The purpose of this study was to explore how Australian HPE teachers utilise paraprofessionals when teaching SwD in inclusive environments. HPE teachers (N=14) completed an online questionnaire inquiring how paraprofessionals are being used and the strategies they are using to develop working relationships with paraprofessionals. The HPE teachers in our sample generally had a favourable attitudes towards the paraprofessionals they have worked with, however a lack of appropriate training and HPE curriculum knowledge were highlighted as deficient areas that may have an adverse effect on the overall HPE environment. Strategies to foster this collaborative working relationship were also investigated, and the primary finding dealt with adequate reciprocal communication.

Research paper thumbnail of Are Australian pre-service physical education teachers prepared to teach inclusive physical education?

Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2014

Australian pre-service physical education (PE) teachers must be prepared for the reality of teach... more Australian pre-service physical education (PE) teachers must be prepared for the reality of teaching in inclusive classrooms. Past studies have indicated that the amount of academic preparedness can affect pre-service PE teachers' intentions to successfully teach in inclusive settings. The current study measured these intentions in a sample of pre-service PE teachers from two different universities. This modified survey required participants to respond to two separate scenarios: one teaching inclusive PE to a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and one to a student with autism. All participants completed an adapted PE unit with an embedded practicum of different lengths. Findings indicated that pre-service teachers' who experienced the larger adapted PE practicum had more favourable intentions towards teaching students with both disabilities compared to the other cohort. Implications of this research to improve Australian PE teacher training are discussed and recommendations are made.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing team cohesion

The Journal of Psychology, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article A Pilot Study of Increasing Nonpurposeful Movement Breaks at Work as a Means of Reducing Prolonged Sitting

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There is a plethora of workplace physical activity interventions designed to increase purposeful movement, yet few are designed to alleviate prolonged occupational sitting time. A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of a workplace e-health intervention based on a passive approach to increase nonpurposeful movement as a means of reducing sitting time. The study was trialled in a professional workplace with forty-six participants (33 females and 13 males) for a period of twenty-six weeks. Participants in the first thirteen weeks received a passive prompt every 45 minutes on their computer screen reminding them to stand and engage in nonpurposeful activity throughout their workday. After thirteen weeks, the prompt was disabled, and participants were then free to voluntary engage the software. Results demonstrated that when employees were exp...

Research paper thumbnail of Designing purposeful health breaks at work

Research paper thumbnail of Fundamental Movement Patterns in Tasmanian Primary School Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1997

Gross motor development, using the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated in 7– and 10-... more Gross motor development, using the Test of Gross Motor Development was investigated in 7– and 10-yr.-old Tasmanian school children ( N = 574) to provide normative data for primary school children. The effects of daily physical education, time spent on physical education per week, schools with and without a trained physical educator, motor skill training programs, and their effects upon development of fundamental movement patterns was also investigated. Time spent on physical education instruction per week, significantly influenced Gross Motor Development scores in that the more time spent on physical education, the higher the score. Having a motor skill training program in the school was significant for 10-yr.-olds. A review of daily physical education with perhaps a goal of greater emphasis on manipulative control skills such as kicking, throwing, and striking should take place especially for girls, as their scores were significantly lower than those of boys.

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of Several Methods of Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young Men

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of... more The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean ± SE) age 20.14 ± 0.34 yr., height 179.4 ± 1.8 cm, weight 73.7±2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 ± 1.1 ml · kg−1 · min.−1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other difieren .es. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, wit1 the 12-min run having the highest correlation of .87, follo...

Research paper thumbnail of Aerobic Fitness of Tasmanian Secondary School Children Using the 20-M Shuttle Run Test

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children... more The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic fitness of Tasmanian secondary school children aged 11 to 16 years. A random sample of Tasmanian secondary schools was undertaken and then all children within each grade in the school were tested. In all, 6061 children undertook the test, 2981 boys and 3080 girls. The test consisted of a 20-m shuttle run in time to a prerecorded timing sequence. Each child had to complete as many shuttles as possible while staying in time with the beep. The test ceased for each child when they could no longer reach the marker at the same time or prior to the generated sound. The analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of grade and sex. Children in lower grades completed fewer shuttles than the children in higher grades, and boys completed more shuttles than girls within each grade. Students in government-run schools completed significantly fewer shuttles than their nongovernment school counterparts ( p

Research paper thumbnail of Alteration of Mood State After a Single Bout of Noncompetitive and Competitive Exercise Programs

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2001

This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-b... more This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-being of university students. 44 students in three physical activity classes enrolled in the Fitness for Life Program at Montana State University which included circuit training, weight training, and racquetball were administered the Profile of Mood States scale 5 min. before and 5 min. after one bout of physical activity. Two of the three activities appeared to be associated positively with scores on certain subscales. The results supported positive psychological well-being of students after physical activity. Implications for research are presented.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Team Cohesion: A Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies of U.S. and Australian Sport Coaches

The Journal of Psychology, 1999

... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY RE... more ... TODD A. RYSKA ZENONG YIN Division of Education University of Texas, San Antonio DEANCOOLEY REBECCA GINN Centre for Human Movement Studies University of Tasmania ABSTRACT. ... (1992) revealed that Australian and Page 3. Ryska, Yin, Cooley, & Ginn 525 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of trait and situational self-handicapping on competitive anxiety among athletes

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Education on Compliance to a Workplace Health and Wellbeing Intervention: Closing the Loop

Universal journal of public health, 2013

Desk-based worksites are increasingly the focus of workplace health and wellbeing interventions. ... more Desk-based worksites are increasingly the focus of workplace health and wellbeing interventions. These interventions often utilize an educational session prior to participants engaging, yet limited studies have specifically examined the effect education has on compliance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pre-intervention participant education had on the odds of compliance to a passive e-health software program designed to increase non-exercise activity thermogenesis throughout the workday. Participants in the experimental group (n=46) were exposed to multifaceted pre-intervention participant education one day prior to initiating the e-health software intervention for an eight-week study period. The control group (n=33) also received the intervention for eight weeks, however these participants received no education prior to initiation. The e-health software had a self-report progress recording function, which recorded all logged movement entries to gain frequen...