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ABSTRACT The computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm is higher than that of the c... more ABSTRACT The computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm is higher than that of the conventional FXLMS algorithm. The additional complexity comes from computation of three secondary path transfer functions (as opposed to one) and a transfer function between the physical and the virtual microphones. The order of these transfer functions may be very high in practical situations where the acoustic damping is low. The high computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm imposes issues like high power consumption, making it difficult to implement the algorithm in battery operated ANC devices such as active headsets. In addition, the operating sampling frequency of the algorithm is limited and this in turn restricts its operation to relatively low frequency applications. In this paper, a new virtual FXLMS algorithm is derived by implementing all of the secondary path transfer functions in the frequency domain. The algorithm is simulated using measured transfer functions in a duct with low acoustic damping. Implementation schemes are proposed for the new frequency-domain virtual FXLMS algorithm, citing its advantages for use as an efficient real-time active noise control algorithm.
Active noise control (ANC) has been used to control low-frequency acoustic noise. The ANC uses an... more Active noise control (ANC) has been used to control low-frequency acoustic noise. The ANC uses an adaptive filter algorithm and normally uses least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The gradient based LMS algorithm suffers from local minima problem. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a non-gradient but simple evolutionary computing type algorithm, is proposed for the ANC
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2012
In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a nongradient but simple evo... more In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a nongradient but simple evolutionary computing-type algorithm, is proposed for developing an efficient active noise control (ANC) system. The ANC is conventionally used to control low-frequency acoustic noise by employing a gradient-optimization-based filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm. Hence, there is a possibility that the performance of the ANC may
ABSTRACT ZnO coated electrodes with Ag and Al as base material are studied in this paper for thei... more ABSTRACT ZnO coated electrodes with Ag and Al as base material are studied in this paper for their ability to sense potassium in a solution. The electrodes were fabricated using both sol–gel and chemically wet and dry (CWD) technique. The performance and response to various concentrations of KOH solution, pH level and temperature were experimentally studied. The time response of the electrode was also studied and it was found that this electrode can work for longer period without degrading its sensitivity. Between both the electrode ZnO coated on Ag wire has better response compared to ZnO coated on Al electrode.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014
ABSTRACT ZnO and ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrates were prepared by chemical wet and dry ... more ABSTRACT ZnO and ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrates were prepared by chemical wet and dry technique. ZnO film was grown along (101) direction due to the implication of valinomycin with it. Fibre type of micrographs of ZnO-valinomycin having length 8-10 µm and average diameters of 0.5 µm have been observed under scanning electron microscope. A comparative electrical studies have been carried out in between ZnO coated Ag substrate and ZnO-valinomycin coated Ag substrate to identify the suitability of the electrode. ZnO-valinomycin coated film on Ag substrate shows a very good response for K+ sensing in comparison to the ZnO coated film on Ag substrate. The increased surface area of the ZnO due to the presence of valinomycin is the prime reason for the good sensing response. This is the reason why ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrate is considered for the detection of K+ in animal blood. The electrical studies clearly establish that ZnO-valinomycin coated Ag substrate is suitable to detect a small percentage of K+ ions in the blood.
2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2010
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 2014
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA 2013, 2013
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 2004
In many practical applications the acoustic noise generated from dynamical systems is nonlinear a... more In many practical applications the acoustic noise generated from dynamical systems is nonlinear and deterministic or stochastic, colored, and non-Gaussian. It has been reported that the linear techniques used to control such noise exhibit degradation in performance. In addition, the actuators of an active noise control (ANC) system very often have nonminimum-phase response. A linear controller under such situations can
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014
ABSTRACT The computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm is higher than that of the c... more ABSTRACT The computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm is higher than that of the conventional FXLMS algorithm. The additional complexity comes from computation of three secondary path transfer functions (as opposed to one) and a transfer function between the physical and the virtual microphones. The order of these transfer functions may be very high in practical situations where the acoustic damping is low. The high computational complexity of the virtual FXLMS algorithm imposes issues like high power consumption, making it difficult to implement the algorithm in battery operated ANC devices such as active headsets. In addition, the operating sampling frequency of the algorithm is limited and this in turn restricts its operation to relatively low frequency applications. In this paper, a new virtual FXLMS algorithm is derived by implementing all of the secondary path transfer functions in the frequency domain. The algorithm is simulated using measured transfer functions in a duct with low acoustic damping. Implementation schemes are proposed for the new frequency-domain virtual FXLMS algorithm, citing its advantages for use as an efficient real-time active noise control algorithm.
Active noise control (ANC) has been used to control low-frequency acoustic noise. The ANC uses an... more Active noise control (ANC) has been used to control low-frequency acoustic noise. The ANC uses an adaptive filter algorithm and normally uses least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The gradient based LMS algorithm suffers from local minima problem. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a non-gradient but simple evolutionary computing type algorithm, is proposed for the ANC
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2012
In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a nongradient but simple evo... more In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a nongradient but simple evolutionary computing-type algorithm, is proposed for developing an efficient active noise control (ANC) system. The ANC is conventionally used to control low-frequency acoustic noise by employing a gradient-optimization-based filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm. Hence, there is a possibility that the performance of the ANC may
ABSTRACT ZnO coated electrodes with Ag and Al as base material are studied in this paper for thei... more ABSTRACT ZnO coated electrodes with Ag and Al as base material are studied in this paper for their ability to sense potassium in a solution. The electrodes were fabricated using both sol–gel and chemically wet and dry (CWD) technique. The performance and response to various concentrations of KOH solution, pH level and temperature were experimentally studied. The time response of the electrode was also studied and it was found that this electrode can work for longer period without degrading its sensitivity. Between both the electrode ZnO coated on Ag wire has better response compared to ZnO coated on Al electrode.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014
ABSTRACT ZnO and ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrates were prepared by chemical wet and dry ... more ABSTRACT ZnO and ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrates were prepared by chemical wet and dry technique. ZnO film was grown along (101) direction due to the implication of valinomycin with it. Fibre type of micrographs of ZnO-valinomycin having length 8-10 µm and average diameters of 0.5 µm have been observed under scanning electron microscope. A comparative electrical studies have been carried out in between ZnO coated Ag substrate and ZnO-valinomycin coated Ag substrate to identify the suitability of the electrode. ZnO-valinomycin coated film on Ag substrate shows a very good response for K+ sensing in comparison to the ZnO coated film on Ag substrate. The increased surface area of the ZnO due to the presence of valinomycin is the prime reason for the good sensing response. This is the reason why ZnO-valinomycin coated over Ag substrate is considered for the detection of K+ in animal blood. The electrical studies clearly establish that ZnO-valinomycin coated Ag substrate is suitable to detect a small percentage of K+ ions in the blood.
2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2010
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 2014
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA 2013, 2013
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 2004
In many practical applications the acoustic noise generated from dynamical systems is nonlinear a... more In many practical applications the acoustic noise generated from dynamical systems is nonlinear and deterministic or stochastic, colored, and non-Gaussian. It has been reported that the linear techniques used to control such noise exhibit degradation in performance. In addition, the actuators of an active noise control (ANC) system very often have nonminimum-phase response. A linear controller under such situations can
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014