David Debruijn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by David Debruijn

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of screen size and text layout on the study of text

Behaviour & Information Technology, 1992

Abstract This study investigates the effects of screen size (12 inch versus 15 inch) and text lay... more Abstract This study investigates the effects of screen size (12 inch versus 15 inch) and text layout (well structured and ill structured) on the learning of text presented on the monitor of a personal computer. Two aspects of learning are assessed. A summary and a multiple-...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Future Scenarios: Prediction of Mental Workload in a Traffic Management Control Room

Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III, 2022

Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monito... more Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monitoring jobs. Objective instruments mostly focus on performance or physiological measures. Subjective instruments are more simply applicable, but not suitable to predict mental workload in a nonexistent situation. To overcome these disadvantages Intergo developed OWATTM (Objective Workload Assessment Technique) to assess mental workload of operators in control rooms. A case study shows the use of OWATTM in development of scenarios for the near future of the traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam, when new build tunnels are under super- vision of the central traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam. Prediction of workload was key issue in this scenario development. The jobs assessed are traffic managers of the city of Amsterdam. The OWAT™ assessment made it possible to point out the bottlenecks in workload in current situation and future situation. The highl...

Research paper thumbnail of Why) Are Dutch Cargo Trains 2.6 Times More Often Involved in Spads Compared to Passenger Trains

Based on Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s statistics on the years 2002-2006 cargo trains are 2.6 time mo... more Based on Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s statistics on the years 2002-2006 cargo trains are 2.6 time more often involved in signals passed at danger (SPADs) per million train kilometres than passenger trains. Intergo was commissioned to investigate the causes of this difference and to formulate related measures. The basis for our approach was formed by process and task analyses for cargo and passenger train drivers. These analyses revealed certain distinctions in processes and tasks that were hypothesized to explain the differences in SPAD frequencies. The hypotheses were statistically tested using the Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s SPAD database. We analysed differences in primary and secondary causes, as well as combinations of these causes, and combined these with sub-processes and tasks. This led to large typical SPAD clusters of ‘movements on marshalling yards’, ‘movements within a station’, passing of ‘dwarf signals’ and ‘stop boards’, and ‘rolling of trains’. Differences in driver chara...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of future scenarios by prediction of mental workload in a traffic management control room

Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monito... more Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monitoring jobs. Objective instruments mostly focus on performance or physiological measures. Subjective instruments are more simply applicable, but not suitable to predict mental workload in a nonexistent situation. To overcome these disadvantages Intergo developed OWAT TM (Objective Workload Assessment Technique) to assess mental workload of operators in control rooms. A case study shows the use of OWAT TM in development of scenarios for the near future of the traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam, when new build tunnels are under supervision of the central traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam. Prediction of workload was key issue in this scenario development. The jobs assessed are traffic managers of the city of Amsterdam. The OWAT™ assessment made it possible to point out the bottlenecks in workload in current situation and future situation. The highl...

Research paper thumbnail of ERTMS pilot in the Netherlands – impact on the train driver

In 2014 the Ministry of Transport decided for implementation of ERTMS (European Railway Traffic M... more In 2014 the Ministry of Transport decided for implementation of ERTMS (European Railway Traffic Management System) on the main corridors in Holland. A pilot with ERTMS was performed between the cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht. This paper describes effects of ERTMS on workload and human error of the train driver by comparing driving in conventional (ATB), in ERTMS with Dual Signalling and in ERTMS L2-only train protection. This was done using driving performance data, a simulator experiment, workshops and surveys.

Research paper thumbnail of (Why) are Dutch cargo trains 2

Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Development and implementation of a predictive tool for optimizing workload of train dispatchers

Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations, 2012

In the past Dutch rail infrastructure manager ProRail used only 1 instrument concerning workload ... more In the past Dutch rail infrastructure manager ProRail used only 1 instrument concerning workload of train dispatchers. This instrument was called BVO. Evaluation of BVO by Intergo learned that it wouldn't suite as sole instrument to optimize workload of train dispatchers. Based on a workload model ProRail nowadays has 3 instruments to investigate workload of train dispatchers. One of them is Task Weighing!. Scope of Task Weighing! is the objective amount of work of a train dispatcher. Task Weighing! is being used together with an instrument regarding individual subjective workload and one regarding working environment. Development of Task Weighing! took place in a highly participative way. Task Weighing! incorporates modern insights about workload. Also current working methods and use of the current automated systems are now part of Task Weighing!. Highlights of the development of Task Weighing TM are presented. Task Weighing! is a calculating formula, which can be used for prediction of workload. Until now Task Weighing! is used to predict workload for several railway yards in Holland. A case study shows the interaction between the 3 workload investigation instruments. Results of Task Weighing TM calculations are recognized as representation for workload of train dispatcher during rush hour and during a disturbance. The 3 instruments together make the discussion about the sensitive issue of workload more objective and point to recognizable solutions for optimizing workload of train dispatchers.

Research paper thumbnail of CCTV supervision or surveillance - what's in a name ?

Extensive literature search revealed poorly evidenced Human Factors guidelines for CCTV systems. ... more Extensive literature search revealed poorly evidenced Human Factors guidelines for CCTV systems. Case studies were done to get more insight in relevant Human Factors issues. A task taxonomy was found on surveillance. Do CCTV tasks in process control significantly differ from surveillance tasks? And is this so distinctive that it requires different Human Factors guidelines for CCTV system design? This study shows it is distinctive when looking at tasks. A task related concept of 'scene' is introduced instead of other workload measures covering image content or complexity.

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of screen size and text layout on the study of text

Behaviour & Information Technology, 1992

Abstract This study investigates the effects of screen size (12 inch versus 15 inch) and text lay... more Abstract This study investigates the effects of screen size (12 inch versus 15 inch) and text layout (well structured and ill structured) on the learning of text presented on the monitor of a personal computer. Two aspects of learning are assessed. A summary and a multiple-...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Future Scenarios: Prediction of Mental Workload in a Traffic Management Control Room

Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III, 2022

Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monito... more Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monitoring jobs. Objective instruments mostly focus on performance or physiological measures. Subjective instruments are more simply applicable, but not suitable to predict mental workload in a nonexistent situation. To overcome these disadvantages Intergo developed OWATTM (Objective Workload Assessment Technique) to assess mental workload of operators in control rooms. A case study shows the use of OWATTM in development of scenarios for the near future of the traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam, when new build tunnels are under super- vision of the central traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam. Prediction of workload was key issue in this scenario development. The jobs assessed are traffic managers of the city of Amsterdam. The OWAT™ assessment made it possible to point out the bottlenecks in workload in current situation and future situation. The highl...

Research paper thumbnail of Why) Are Dutch Cargo Trains 2.6 Times More Often Involved in Spads Compared to Passenger Trains

Based on Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s statistics on the years 2002-2006 cargo trains are 2.6 time mo... more Based on Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s statistics on the years 2002-2006 cargo trains are 2.6 time more often involved in signals passed at danger (SPADs) per million train kilometres than passenger trains. Intergo was commissioned to investigate the causes of this difference and to formulate related measures. The basis for our approach was formed by process and task analyses for cargo and passenger train drivers. These analyses revealed certain distinctions in processes and tasks that were hypothesized to explain the differences in SPAD frequencies. The hypotheses were statistically tested using the Dutch Rail Inspectorate’s SPAD database. We analysed differences in primary and secondary causes, as well as combinations of these causes, and combined these with sub-processes and tasks. This led to large typical SPAD clusters of ‘movements on marshalling yards’, ‘movements within a station’, passing of ‘dwarf signals’ and ‘stop boards’, and ‘rolling of trains’. Differences in driver chara...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of future scenarios by prediction of mental workload in a traffic management control room

Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monito... more Existing instruments to investigate mental workload are dedicated to specific and existing monitoring jobs. Objective instruments mostly focus on performance or physiological measures. Subjective instruments are more simply applicable, but not suitable to predict mental workload in a nonexistent situation. To overcome these disadvantages Intergo developed OWAT TM (Objective Workload Assessment Technique) to assess mental workload of operators in control rooms. A case study shows the use of OWAT TM in development of scenarios for the near future of the traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam, when new build tunnels are under supervision of the central traffic management control room of the city of Amsterdam. Prediction of workload was key issue in this scenario development. The jobs assessed are traffic managers of the city of Amsterdam. The OWAT™ assessment made it possible to point out the bottlenecks in workload in current situation and future situation. The highl...

Research paper thumbnail of ERTMS pilot in the Netherlands – impact on the train driver

In 2014 the Ministry of Transport decided for implementation of ERTMS (European Railway Traffic M... more In 2014 the Ministry of Transport decided for implementation of ERTMS (European Railway Traffic Management System) on the main corridors in Holland. A pilot with ERTMS was performed between the cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht. This paper describes effects of ERTMS on workload and human error of the train driver by comparing driving in conventional (ATB), in ERTMS with Dual Signalling and in ERTMS L2-only train protection. This was done using driving performance data, a simulator experiment, workshops and surveys.

Research paper thumbnail of (Why) are Dutch cargo trains 2

Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Development and implementation of a predictive tool for optimizing workload of train dispatchers

Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations, 2012

In the past Dutch rail infrastructure manager ProRail used only 1 instrument concerning workload ... more In the past Dutch rail infrastructure manager ProRail used only 1 instrument concerning workload of train dispatchers. This instrument was called BVO. Evaluation of BVO by Intergo learned that it wouldn't suite as sole instrument to optimize workload of train dispatchers. Based on a workload model ProRail nowadays has 3 instruments to investigate workload of train dispatchers. One of them is Task Weighing!. Scope of Task Weighing! is the objective amount of work of a train dispatcher. Task Weighing! is being used together with an instrument regarding individual subjective workload and one regarding working environment. Development of Task Weighing! took place in a highly participative way. Task Weighing! incorporates modern insights about workload. Also current working methods and use of the current automated systems are now part of Task Weighing!. Highlights of the development of Task Weighing TM are presented. Task Weighing! is a calculating formula, which can be used for prediction of workload. Until now Task Weighing! is used to predict workload for several railway yards in Holland. A case study shows the interaction between the 3 workload investigation instruments. Results of Task Weighing TM calculations are recognized as representation for workload of train dispatcher during rush hour and during a disturbance. The 3 instruments together make the discussion about the sensitive issue of workload more objective and point to recognizable solutions for optimizing workload of train dispatchers.

Research paper thumbnail of CCTV supervision or surveillance - what's in a name ?

Extensive literature search revealed poorly evidenced Human Factors guidelines for CCTV systems. ... more Extensive literature search revealed poorly evidenced Human Factors guidelines for CCTV systems. Case studies were done to get more insight in relevant Human Factors issues. A task taxonomy was found on surveillance. Do CCTV tasks in process control significantly differ from surveillance tasks? And is this so distinctive that it requires different Human Factors guidelines for CCTV system design? This study shows it is distinctive when looking at tasks. A task related concept of 'scene' is introduced instead of other workload measures covering image content or complexity.