Deepak Mundkinajeddu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Deepak Mundkinajeddu
Pharmacognosy Magazine
Background: Choline is an essential lipotropic nutrient for regulating fatty acid synthesis and h... more Background: Choline is an essential lipotropic nutrient for regulating fatty acid synthesis and hepatic lipid mobilization. Deficiency of choline causes fatty liver leading to dysregulated liver function. Objective: To investigate the lipotropic activity of the proprietary herbal formulation (PHF) containing Acacia nilotica and Curcuma longa. Materials and Methods: Fatty liver disease was induced in Wistar rats by feeding methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Animals were concurrently treated with PHF (at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg rat body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Methionine/choline-sufficient (MCS) diet-fed rats were used as control. Serum biochemistry and liver parameters were determined at the end of experimental period. Further, anti-lipogenic and lipolytic activity of PHF extract was studied in HepG2 cells. Results: Rats fed with MCD diet, showed significant increase in liver lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and decreased serum triglyceride level compared to MCS diet-fed rats indicating significant fat accumulation and liver damage. PHF treatment significantly decreased the liver lipids, triglyceride and serum ALT compared to MCD diet-fed rat. Histological evaluation revealed the restoration of hepatic architecture after PHF treatment. In in vitro studies, the PHF extract decreased the oleic acid induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the lipotropic effect of PHF evident from decreased fat accumulation and antilipogenic activity. These data suggests that PHF could be a potential supplement for preventing fatty liver.
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2022
Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabo... more Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiulcer properties. Aim To investigate the effect of FREG (GutGard®) on restoring intestinal barrier function in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulated human colonic adenocarcinoma cell monolayer (Caco-2) and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods In in vitro, human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of FREG and the paracellular permeability to FITC-conjugated 4-kD dextran (FD4) was measured to evaluate protection against the barrier dysfunction. In in vivo, intestinal barrier dysfunction was induced in male albino Wistar rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Subsequently, the rats were treated orally with either FRE...
Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health, 2022
Nutraceuticals in Brain Health and Beyond, 2021
Abstract The chapter reviews the overall neuronal molecular mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri with re... more Abstract The chapter reviews the overall neuronal molecular mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri with respect to cognitive performance. It starts with defining cognition, and how interruption in signal transduction can cause cognitive impairment. Then the factors influencing signal transduction and regulation of those factors are briefed to give a glimpse on cascade involved in signal transduction and their importance in governing the cognitive performance. The drugs and nutraceuticals commonly used as cognition enhancers and their mechanisms of action are covered in brief before taking up details of B. monnieri. Later, effect of B. monnieri on various factors contributing to signal transduction like neurotransmitters, receptors, second messenger system, gene expression, neuronal structural factors, neuronal connections, cerebral blood flow and neuroprotection are detailed to understand the neuronal molecular mechanisms involved in improving cognitive performance. Summary of this review points toward strong scientific substantiation available in the literature to justify the use of B. monnieri in dietary and food supplements intended for cognitive health.
Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 2020
Context Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine that al... more Context Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine that also has been scientifically validated for its antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anticancer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers have still not much explored the beneficial effects of the curcuminoid-free portion of turmeric. NR-INF-02 is a proprietary, patented aqueous extract of Curcuma longa comprising turmerosaccharides with a novel phytochemical composition. Objective The study intended to evaluate the safety and tolerability of NR-INF-02 in healthy adult volunteers at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg, administered for 84 days. Design The study employed a randomized, open label, two-arm, parallel-group design. Setting The trial was carried at 2 sites, the Meenakshi Multispecialty Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and the Vijaya Super Specialty Hospital in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. Participants Participants were healthy adult, male or female volunteers, aged 18-65 y...
BioMed Research International, 2021
NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa that has ant... more NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective potential. In view of its potential uses, NR-INF-02 was evaluated for its safety in Wistar rats at an oral dose of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg in a 90-day repeated dose subchronic toxicity study. NR-INF-02 administered at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days did not show any mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Body weight gain, food consumption, ocular and neurological examination, and hematological, blood biochemical, hormone, and urine analysis revealed no evidence of toxicity of NR-INF-02 treatment in rats. Absolute and relative organ weights were comparable to control rats. The study did not reveal any major treatment related gross pathological and histopathological alterations in the tissues or organs examined. Thus, based on study observations, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight in a...
Journal of AOAC International, 2018
Most of the Pharmacopoeia and other monographs that provide the quality specifications for botani... more Most of the Pharmacopoeia and other monographs that provide the quality specifications for botanicals typically contain identification and physicochemical tests, assays, and limits for contaminants. The assay methods generally involve quantitative determination of known organic compounds, commonly known as markers. The authors explore and propose that there is a need for additional approaches beyond markers, especially for botanicals derived from traditional knowledge and use. Preliminary data on few selected botanicals are additionally provided to communicate the thought process.
Pharmacognosy research
L. () peel has been proven to exhibit widespread pharmacological application against multitude of... more L. () peel has been proven to exhibit widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases due to the presence of bioactive principles. The objective is to isolate the bioactive compounds from the pericarp of and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts. Dried peel of was extracted with aqueous acetone and chromatographed on Diaion HP-20. Enriched fractions were rechromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 and purified on preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to identify individual compounds. The dried peel was extracted with different solvents to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. On the chemical investigation, three compounds were isolated and characterized as punicalagin, 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, and punicalin, using various spectroscopic techniques. Results indicate that the isolated compounds have possessed antioxidant activity, and aqueous, methanol, and aqueous acetone extract showed significant scavenging of ...
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2017
Curcuma longa has long history of medicinal use in Ayurveda. A unique product NR-INF-02 was prepa... more Curcuma longa has long history of medicinal use in Ayurveda. A unique product NR-INF-02 was prepared from C. longa that was standardized to contain turmerosaccharides. The present study investigated the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction of NR-INF-02 on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA pain animal model that mimics human OA. Further, the analgesic effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction was compared to turmerosaccharides less fraction of NR-INF-02. OA pain was chemically induced by intra-articular administration of single dose of 25 μl of 0.9% saline containing 0.3 mg MIA into the right knee of male albino Wistar rat. Turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 22.5, 45 and 90 mg/kg rat body weight dose levels) were administered as a single dose orally on day 5 of post-MIA injection. OA pain was measured using hind limb weight-bearing ability at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h post-test substance administration on day 5. Oral administration of turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 45 and 90 mg/kg) although significantly decreased the OA pain at all the intervals, the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction (57%) on OA pain was superior to turmerosaccharides less fraction (35%). Bioactive turmerosaccharides from C. longa extract contribute to the observed anti-arthritic effect in rats. Osteoarthritic pain was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA into the right kneeSingle administration of TRF/TLF on day 5 resulted in dose-dependent significant reduction of OA painTRF showed better analgesic activity than TLFTRF at 45 and 90 mg/kg has similar effects on OA pain as that of tramadolTurmerosaccharides identified as bioactive constituents of C. longa extract. Abbreviations used: MIA: Monosodium iodoacetate; i.ar: Intra-articular; OA: Osteoarthritis; TRF: Turmerosaccharides rich fraction; TLF: Turmerosaccharides less fraction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), a small rapid growing, evergreen, deciduous tree ... more Objective: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), a small rapid growing, evergreen, deciduous tree is an important medicinal plant. Leaves and fruits of this plant are used for various ailments, as a nutritional supplement and also as vegetables. The current study involves in the determination of best combination of the cholesterol-lowering potential of a blend of methanol extracts of M. oleifera leaf and fruits, developed based on in vitro FIC index studies and evaluate the combination of this extracts in hypercholesterolemic animal models.Methods: Leaf and fruit methanol extracts and their combinations were tested in in vitro lipase inhibition assay to determine the best combination using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Hypercholesterolemia was induced with Triton WR-1339 (a non-ionic detergent) and with high cholesterol diet for acute and chronic model respectively and the cholesterol-lowering effect of 1:1 blend of M. oleifera leaf and fruits methanol extracts was...
Toxicology Reports, 2017
Andrographis paniculata, "King of bitters" is a popularly known medicinal plant extensively used ... more Andrographis paniculata, "King of bitters" is a popularly known medicinal plant extensively used in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases. Since recent past, anaphylactic/allergic type adverse events were reported upon A. paniculata usage, the study aimed to evaluate the anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide (a major phytoactive of A. paniculata). The anaphylactic potential was evaluated using active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) assay in guinea pigs. Further, the release of allergic mediators was measured in immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitized and non-IgE sensitized Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell lines in-vitro. A. paniculata extract or andrographolide sensitized guinea pigs following the challenge antigen administration orally and intravenously did not demonstrate any clinical signs of anaphylaxis. IgE sensitized and non-IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with A. paniculata extract did not induce release of allergic mediators. Whereas IgE sensitized and non-IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with andrographolide demonstrated mild to moderate release of allergic mediators. A. paniculata extract has no anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential in in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Whereas, andrographolide effects on allergic mediators in in-vitro studies needs to be scrutinized if they are of biologically important.
Pharmacognosy research
Cholesterol lowering activity of Mangifera indica L. has been determined by earlier researchers a... more Cholesterol lowering activity of Mangifera indica L. has been determined by earlier researchers and kernel, leaf and bark have shown significant activity. However, the specific cholesterol lowering activity of leaf methanol extract has not been determined. The present study involved evaluation of cholesterol lowering potential of methanol extract of M. indica leaves using high cholesterol diet model in albino Wistar rats. The acute oral toxicity at a dose of 5000 mg/ kg body weight was also determined in female albino Wistar rats. Phytoconstituents Iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside and mangiferin were quantified in methanol extracts of different varieties of mango leaves using high performance liquid chromatography. Significant cholesterol lowering activity was observed with methanol extract of M. indica leaves, at dose of 90 mg/kg body weight in rats and it was also found to be safe at dose of 5000 mg/kg rat body. Iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside and mangiferin were found to be in the...
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2016
Curcuma longa rhizomes (turmeric) are used as tonic in traditionally known Indian systems of medi... more Curcuma longa rhizomes (turmeric) are used as tonic in traditionally known Indian systems of medicine. Aim of this study was to compare stress response suppressing efficacies of a Curcuma longa extract (CLE) enriched in curcuminoids with those of curcumin and turmeric oil (TO). Effects of daily oral treatments with curcumin (5 mg/kg/day) or CLE (5, 20, and 80 mg/kg/day) or TO (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day) to male mice on their body weight and core temperature and in stress induced hyperthermia, tail suspension, and pentobarbital sleep tests were quantified. Although their single doses had no significant effects in foot shock stress induced hyperthermia test, curcumin like and dose dependant suppressing effects of CLE were observed after its repeated daily doses. Such effects of TO in the test was also observed after its higher tested daily doses only. Occasional foot shock stress triggered body weight losses and elevated basal core temperatures were also dose dependently antagonized by CLE and TO. Unlike for curcumin or CLE no effects of TO in tail suspension and pentobarbital sleep test were observed after its lower tested 11 daily doses. These observations reveal that volatile bioactive constituents of turmeric other than curcuminoids also possess stress resistance promoting properties and suggest that such efficacy of turmeric powder do not depend on their curcumin or curcuminoids contents only. Mouse bioassay procedure used in this study is well suited for pharmacological standardization of turmeric extracts and also for identifying their bioactive constituents.
Pharmacognosy Research, 2015
Journal of Pharmacy Research
Comparitive study of polyphenol content in different extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and frui... more Comparitive study of polyphenol content in different extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and fruits.Materials and Methods :Materials required for this study are dried methanolic extract of leaves and fruits of Moringa oleifera, Butanol, Ethyl acetate, Water, folin ciocalteu reagent, Saturated solution of Sodium carbonate. Take 10g of methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves and fruits, dissolved in 100 ml of water, make partition with ethyl acetate and with butanol. Then concentrate the three extracts separately with the help of rotavapour. Then estimate the content of poly phenols in different extracts of leaves and fruits by using folin ciocalteu reagent method.Results:The poly phenol content of leaves and fruits of M.oleifera present in the different extracts.Conclusion: Total polyphenolic content is more in leaves compared to fruits. In leaves poly phenol content was enriched in butanol fraction and in fruits polyphenol enriched fraction was water.
Pharmaceutical biology, Jan 8, 2015
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditional... more Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditionally well known for its medicinal properties including antidiabetic activity. To isolate the antidiabetic compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds and evaluate their activity using aldose reductase (AR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assays. The dried seeds were extracted with methanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using in vitro AR and PTP 1B inhibition assays. The highly enriched fractions obtained from broad ethyl acetate fraction yielded maslinic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (2), gallic acid (3), valoneic acid dilactone (4), rubuphenol (5), and ellagic acid (6). Structures were elucidated by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR. The initial ethyl acetate fraction showed AR inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.50 μg/mL and PTP1B enzyme inhibition with the ...
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Aim:Valeriana hardwickii Wall. belongs to family Valerianaceae grown in high altitude areas of no... more Aim:Valeriana hardwickii Wall. belongs to family Valerianaceae grown in high altitude areas of north west Himalaya to Bhutan. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are used to treat insomnia; however, no reports are available regarding any pharmacognostic work on this plant. Material and Methods: The study includes morphological, microscopic and preliminary phytochemical investigations of the roots and rhizome. Anatomical studies of roots and rhizome shows the presence of diagnostic characters such as thick walled cortex cells, annular xylem fi ber, pitted xylem vessel and rhizome hair. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, dichlomethane and aqueous extract revealed the presence of tritepenoids, alkaloids, irridoidal glycosides and fl avanoids. The study was carried out as per WHO guidelines. Conclusion: The outcome of this work will help the researchers to differentiate V. hardwickii from the other species of valerian.
Phytomedicine, 2011
Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents have been known to possess widespread pharmacologica... more Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents have been known to possess widespread pharmacological properties as an anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, antitumour and hepatoprotective drug. In this study, we examined the inhibitory potential of extract of G. glabra (GutGard TM) root and its phytoconstituents (glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and isoliquiritigenin) on both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) products in order to understand the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action. Inhibitory effect of GutGard TM and its phytoconstituents on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), calcimycin (A23187) induced thromboxane (TXB 2), and leukotriene (LTB 4) release was studied using murine macrophages (J774A.1) and human neutrophil (HL-60) cells. Results revealed that, G. glabra and glabridin significantly inhibited PGE 2 , TXB 2 (COX) and LTB 4 (LOX), while, isoliquiritigenin exerted inhibitory effect only against COX products but failed to suppress LOX product. However, glycyrrhizin at the tested concentrations failed to exhibit inhibitory effect on both COX and LOX products. Here, we report for the first time that G. glabra (almost devoid of glycyrrhizin) exhibits anti-inflammatory property likely through the inhibition of PGE 2 , TXB 2 and LTB 4 in mammalian cell assay system, which could be influenced in part by glabridin and isoliquiritigenin.
Pharmacognosy Magazine
Background: Choline is an essential lipotropic nutrient for regulating fatty acid synthesis and h... more Background: Choline is an essential lipotropic nutrient for regulating fatty acid synthesis and hepatic lipid mobilization. Deficiency of choline causes fatty liver leading to dysregulated liver function. Objective: To investigate the lipotropic activity of the proprietary herbal formulation (PHF) containing Acacia nilotica and Curcuma longa. Materials and Methods: Fatty liver disease was induced in Wistar rats by feeding methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Animals were concurrently treated with PHF (at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg rat body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Methionine/choline-sufficient (MCS) diet-fed rats were used as control. Serum biochemistry and liver parameters were determined at the end of experimental period. Further, anti-lipogenic and lipolytic activity of PHF extract was studied in HepG2 cells. Results: Rats fed with MCD diet, showed significant increase in liver lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and decreased serum triglyceride level compared to MCS diet-fed rats indicating significant fat accumulation and liver damage. PHF treatment significantly decreased the liver lipids, triglyceride and serum ALT compared to MCD diet-fed rat. Histological evaluation revealed the restoration of hepatic architecture after PHF treatment. In in vitro studies, the PHF extract decreased the oleic acid induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the lipotropic effect of PHF evident from decreased fat accumulation and antilipogenic activity. These data suggests that PHF could be a potential supplement for preventing fatty liver.
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2022
Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabo... more Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiulcer properties. Aim To investigate the effect of FREG (GutGard®) on restoring intestinal barrier function in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulated human colonic adenocarcinoma cell monolayer (Caco-2) and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods In in vitro, human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of FREG and the paracellular permeability to FITC-conjugated 4-kD dextran (FD4) was measured to evaluate protection against the barrier dysfunction. In in vivo, intestinal barrier dysfunction was induced in male albino Wistar rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Subsequently, the rats were treated orally with either FRE...
Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health, 2022
Nutraceuticals in Brain Health and Beyond, 2021
Abstract The chapter reviews the overall neuronal molecular mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri with re... more Abstract The chapter reviews the overall neuronal molecular mechanisms of Bacopa monnieri with respect to cognitive performance. It starts with defining cognition, and how interruption in signal transduction can cause cognitive impairment. Then the factors influencing signal transduction and regulation of those factors are briefed to give a glimpse on cascade involved in signal transduction and their importance in governing the cognitive performance. The drugs and nutraceuticals commonly used as cognition enhancers and their mechanisms of action are covered in brief before taking up details of B. monnieri. Later, effect of B. monnieri on various factors contributing to signal transduction like neurotransmitters, receptors, second messenger system, gene expression, neuronal structural factors, neuronal connections, cerebral blood flow and neuroprotection are detailed to understand the neuronal molecular mechanisms involved in improving cognitive performance. Summary of this review points toward strong scientific substantiation available in the literature to justify the use of B. monnieri in dietary and food supplements intended for cognitive health.
Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 2020
Context Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine that al... more Context Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine that also has been scientifically validated for its antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anticancer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers have still not much explored the beneficial effects of the curcuminoid-free portion of turmeric. NR-INF-02 is a proprietary, patented aqueous extract of Curcuma longa comprising turmerosaccharides with a novel phytochemical composition. Objective The study intended to evaluate the safety and tolerability of NR-INF-02 in healthy adult volunteers at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg, administered for 84 days. Design The study employed a randomized, open label, two-arm, parallel-group design. Setting The trial was carried at 2 sites, the Meenakshi Multispecialty Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and the Vijaya Super Specialty Hospital in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. Participants Participants were healthy adult, male or female volunteers, aged 18-65 y...
BioMed Research International, 2021
NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa that has ant... more NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective potential. In view of its potential uses, NR-INF-02 was evaluated for its safety in Wistar rats at an oral dose of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg in a 90-day repeated dose subchronic toxicity study. NR-INF-02 administered at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days did not show any mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Body weight gain, food consumption, ocular and neurological examination, and hematological, blood biochemical, hormone, and urine analysis revealed no evidence of toxicity of NR-INF-02 treatment in rats. Absolute and relative organ weights were comparable to control rats. The study did not reveal any major treatment related gross pathological and histopathological alterations in the tissues or organs examined. Thus, based on study observations, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight in a...
Journal of AOAC International, 2018
Most of the Pharmacopoeia and other monographs that provide the quality specifications for botani... more Most of the Pharmacopoeia and other monographs that provide the quality specifications for botanicals typically contain identification and physicochemical tests, assays, and limits for contaminants. The assay methods generally involve quantitative determination of known organic compounds, commonly known as markers. The authors explore and propose that there is a need for additional approaches beyond markers, especially for botanicals derived from traditional knowledge and use. Preliminary data on few selected botanicals are additionally provided to communicate the thought process.
Pharmacognosy research
L. () peel has been proven to exhibit widespread pharmacological application against multitude of... more L. () peel has been proven to exhibit widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases due to the presence of bioactive principles. The objective is to isolate the bioactive compounds from the pericarp of and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts. Dried peel of was extracted with aqueous acetone and chromatographed on Diaion HP-20. Enriched fractions were rechromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 and purified on preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to identify individual compounds. The dried peel was extracted with different solvents to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. On the chemical investigation, three compounds were isolated and characterized as punicalagin, 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, and punicalin, using various spectroscopic techniques. Results indicate that the isolated compounds have possessed antioxidant activity, and aqueous, methanol, and aqueous acetone extract showed significant scavenging of ...
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2017
Curcuma longa has long history of medicinal use in Ayurveda. A unique product NR-INF-02 was prepa... more Curcuma longa has long history of medicinal use in Ayurveda. A unique product NR-INF-02 was prepared from C. longa that was standardized to contain turmerosaccharides. The present study investigated the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction of NR-INF-02 on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA pain animal model that mimics human OA. Further, the analgesic effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction was compared to turmerosaccharides less fraction of NR-INF-02. OA pain was chemically induced by intra-articular administration of single dose of 25 μl of 0.9% saline containing 0.3 mg MIA into the right knee of male albino Wistar rat. Turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 22.5, 45 and 90 mg/kg rat body weight dose levels) were administered as a single dose orally on day 5 of post-MIA injection. OA pain was measured using hind limb weight-bearing ability at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h post-test substance administration on day 5. Oral administration of turmerosaccharides rich fraction and turmerosaccharides less fraction (at 45 and 90 mg/kg) although significantly decreased the OA pain at all the intervals, the effect of turmerosaccharides rich fraction (57%) on OA pain was superior to turmerosaccharides less fraction (35%). Bioactive turmerosaccharides from C. longa extract contribute to the observed anti-arthritic effect in rats. Osteoarthritic pain was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA into the right kneeSingle administration of TRF/TLF on day 5 resulted in dose-dependent significant reduction of OA painTRF showed better analgesic activity than TLFTRF at 45 and 90 mg/kg has similar effects on OA pain as that of tramadolTurmerosaccharides identified as bioactive constituents of C. longa extract. Abbreviations used: MIA: Monosodium iodoacetate; i.ar: Intra-articular; OA: Osteoarthritis; TRF: Turmerosaccharides rich fraction; TLF: Turmerosaccharides less fraction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), a small rapid growing, evergreen, deciduous tree ... more Objective: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), a small rapid growing, evergreen, deciduous tree is an important medicinal plant. Leaves and fruits of this plant are used for various ailments, as a nutritional supplement and also as vegetables. The current study involves in the determination of best combination of the cholesterol-lowering potential of a blend of methanol extracts of M. oleifera leaf and fruits, developed based on in vitro FIC index studies and evaluate the combination of this extracts in hypercholesterolemic animal models.Methods: Leaf and fruit methanol extracts and their combinations were tested in in vitro lipase inhibition assay to determine the best combination using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Hypercholesterolemia was induced with Triton WR-1339 (a non-ionic detergent) and with high cholesterol diet for acute and chronic model respectively and the cholesterol-lowering effect of 1:1 blend of M. oleifera leaf and fruits methanol extracts was...
Toxicology Reports, 2017
Andrographis paniculata, "King of bitters" is a popularly known medicinal plant extensively used ... more Andrographis paniculata, "King of bitters" is a popularly known medicinal plant extensively used in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases. Since recent past, anaphylactic/allergic type adverse events were reported upon A. paniculata usage, the study aimed to evaluate the anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide (a major phytoactive of A. paniculata). The anaphylactic potential was evaluated using active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) assay in guinea pigs. Further, the release of allergic mediators was measured in immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitized and non-IgE sensitized Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell lines in-vitro. A. paniculata extract or andrographolide sensitized guinea pigs following the challenge antigen administration orally and intravenously did not demonstrate any clinical signs of anaphylaxis. IgE sensitized and non-IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with A. paniculata extract did not induce release of allergic mediators. Whereas IgE sensitized and non-IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with andrographolide demonstrated mild to moderate release of allergic mediators. A. paniculata extract has no anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential in in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Whereas, andrographolide effects on allergic mediators in in-vitro studies needs to be scrutinized if they are of biologically important.
Pharmacognosy research
Cholesterol lowering activity of Mangifera indica L. has been determined by earlier researchers a... more Cholesterol lowering activity of Mangifera indica L. has been determined by earlier researchers and kernel, leaf and bark have shown significant activity. However, the specific cholesterol lowering activity of leaf methanol extract has not been determined. The present study involved evaluation of cholesterol lowering potential of methanol extract of M. indica leaves using high cholesterol diet model in albino Wistar rats. The acute oral toxicity at a dose of 5000 mg/ kg body weight was also determined in female albino Wistar rats. Phytoconstituents Iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside and mangiferin were quantified in methanol extracts of different varieties of mango leaves using high performance liquid chromatography. Significant cholesterol lowering activity was observed with methanol extract of M. indica leaves, at dose of 90 mg/kg body weight in rats and it was also found to be safe at dose of 5000 mg/kg rat body. Iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside and mangiferin were found to be in the...
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2016
Curcuma longa rhizomes (turmeric) are used as tonic in traditionally known Indian systems of medi... more Curcuma longa rhizomes (turmeric) are used as tonic in traditionally known Indian systems of medicine. Aim of this study was to compare stress response suppressing efficacies of a Curcuma longa extract (CLE) enriched in curcuminoids with those of curcumin and turmeric oil (TO). Effects of daily oral treatments with curcumin (5 mg/kg/day) or CLE (5, 20, and 80 mg/kg/day) or TO (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day) to male mice on their body weight and core temperature and in stress induced hyperthermia, tail suspension, and pentobarbital sleep tests were quantified. Although their single doses had no significant effects in foot shock stress induced hyperthermia test, curcumin like and dose dependant suppressing effects of CLE were observed after its repeated daily doses. Such effects of TO in the test was also observed after its higher tested daily doses only. Occasional foot shock stress triggered body weight losses and elevated basal core temperatures were also dose dependently antagonized by CLE and TO. Unlike for curcumin or CLE no effects of TO in tail suspension and pentobarbital sleep test were observed after its lower tested 11 daily doses. These observations reveal that volatile bioactive constituents of turmeric other than curcuminoids also possess stress resistance promoting properties and suggest that such efficacy of turmeric powder do not depend on their curcumin or curcuminoids contents only. Mouse bioassay procedure used in this study is well suited for pharmacological standardization of turmeric extracts and also for identifying their bioactive constituents.
Pharmacognosy Research, 2015
Journal of Pharmacy Research
Comparitive study of polyphenol content in different extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and frui... more Comparitive study of polyphenol content in different extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and fruits.Materials and Methods :Materials required for this study are dried methanolic extract of leaves and fruits of Moringa oleifera, Butanol, Ethyl acetate, Water, folin ciocalteu reagent, Saturated solution of Sodium carbonate. Take 10g of methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves and fruits, dissolved in 100 ml of water, make partition with ethyl acetate and with butanol. Then concentrate the three extracts separately with the help of rotavapour. Then estimate the content of poly phenols in different extracts of leaves and fruits by using folin ciocalteu reagent method.Results:The poly phenol content of leaves and fruits of M.oleifera present in the different extracts.Conclusion: Total polyphenolic content is more in leaves compared to fruits. In leaves poly phenol content was enriched in butanol fraction and in fruits polyphenol enriched fraction was water.
Pharmaceutical biology, Jan 8, 2015
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditional... more Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditionally well known for its medicinal properties including antidiabetic activity. To isolate the antidiabetic compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds and evaluate their activity using aldose reductase (AR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assays. The dried seeds were extracted with methanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using in vitro AR and PTP 1B inhibition assays. The highly enriched fractions obtained from broad ethyl acetate fraction yielded maslinic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (2), gallic acid (3), valoneic acid dilactone (4), rubuphenol (5), and ellagic acid (6). Structures were elucidated by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR. The initial ethyl acetate fraction showed AR inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.50 μg/mL and PTP1B enzyme inhibition with the ...
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Aim:Valeriana hardwickii Wall. belongs to family Valerianaceae grown in high altitude areas of no... more Aim:Valeriana hardwickii Wall. belongs to family Valerianaceae grown in high altitude areas of north west Himalaya to Bhutan. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are used to treat insomnia; however, no reports are available regarding any pharmacognostic work on this plant. Material and Methods: The study includes morphological, microscopic and preliminary phytochemical investigations of the roots and rhizome. Anatomical studies of roots and rhizome shows the presence of diagnostic characters such as thick walled cortex cells, annular xylem fi ber, pitted xylem vessel and rhizome hair. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, dichlomethane and aqueous extract revealed the presence of tritepenoids, alkaloids, irridoidal glycosides and fl avanoids. The study was carried out as per WHO guidelines. Conclusion: The outcome of this work will help the researchers to differentiate V. hardwickii from the other species of valerian.
Phytomedicine, 2011
Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents have been known to possess widespread pharmacologica... more Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents have been known to possess widespread pharmacological properties as an anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, antitumour and hepatoprotective drug. In this study, we examined the inhibitory potential of extract of G. glabra (GutGard TM) root and its phytoconstituents (glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and isoliquiritigenin) on both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) products in order to understand the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action. Inhibitory effect of GutGard TM and its phytoconstituents on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), calcimycin (A23187) induced thromboxane (TXB 2), and leukotriene (LTB 4) release was studied using murine macrophages (J774A.1) and human neutrophil (HL-60) cells. Results revealed that, G. glabra and glabridin significantly inhibited PGE 2 , TXB 2 (COX) and LTB 4 (LOX), while, isoliquiritigenin exerted inhibitory effect only against COX products but failed to suppress LOX product. However, glycyrrhizin at the tested concentrations failed to exhibit inhibitory effect on both COX and LOX products. Here, we report for the first time that G. glabra (almost devoid of glycyrrhizin) exhibits anti-inflammatory property likely through the inhibition of PGE 2 , TXB 2 and LTB 4 in mammalian cell assay system, which could be influenced in part by glabridin and isoliquiritigenin.