Deirdre Hill - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Deirdre Hill

PLOS ONE

Background Pediatric osteoarticular infections are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The ... more Background Pediatric osteoarticular infections are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The contribution of S. aureus genomic variability to pathogenesis of these infections is poorly described. Methods We prospectively enrolled 47 children over 3 1/2 years from whom S. aureus was isolated on culture—12 uninfected with skin colonization, 16 with skin abscesses, 19 with osteoarticular infections (four with septic arthritis, three with acute osteomyelitis, six with acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis and six with chronic osteomyelitis). Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, with assessment for 254 virulence genes and any mutations as well as creation of a phylogenetic tree. Finally, isolates were compared for their ability to form static biofilms and compared to the genetic analysis. Results No sequence types predominated amongst osteoarticular infections. Only genes involved in evasion of host immune defenses were more frequently carried by isolates from osteoarticula...

Gynecologic Oncology, 2020

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second-leading cause of cancerrelated death in ... more INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second-leading cause of cancerrelated death in the United States (US), despite being highly curable, or even preventable, through effective screening programs. Multiple options are available and endorsed by major guidelines for average-risk CRC screening, including endoscopic (colonoscopy [COL], flexible sigmoidoscopy [FS]), radiologic (CT colonography [CTC]) and stool-based (fecal occult blood test [FOBT], fecal immunochemical test [FIT], multi-target stool DNA [mt-sDNA]) modalities. Further insights regarding the proportional distribution of endorsed test options would help to inform ongoing efforts to achieve the national CRC screening adherence target of ‡ 80%. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare recent trends in COL, FS, FOBT, FIT, and mt-sDNA utilization, using Medicare claims data. Since CTC is not covered by Medicare, this screening modality was not included in our analyses. METHODS: Medicare claims data for CRC screening for a specific time analysis period (2014-2018) were aggregated and analyzed by CPT code frequency: COL (G0121, G0105), FS (G0104), FOBT (82270, G0107), FIT (G0328), and mt-sDNA (G0464, 81528). A generalized linear model was used to examine differences in CRC screening test frequencies during the analysis period. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and year-over-year (Y/Y) growth rates were also analyzed for each modality over the analysis period (2014-2018). RESULTS: FS represented < 1% of all CRC screening tests over the entire analysis period and was not further considered in the analyses. Utilization of the mt-sDNA test increased significantly over time (from 2,481 claims in 2014 to 335,455 claims in 2018; p<0.001), as compared to the other analyzed CRC screening tests. Conversely, FOBT exhibited the most striking decline in utilization (from 623,455 claims in 2014 to 333,715 claims in 2018; p<0.001). The CAGR was higher for mt-sDNA (166.81%) than for COL (0.52%), FOBT (-11.75%), and FIT (0.67%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this analysis of Medicare claims data from 2014-2018, utilization of the mt-sDNA test for average-risk CRC screening has increased rapidly since it received FDA approval in August 2014, while utilization of other endorsed CRC screening modalities has either declined (FOBT) or remained relatively stable (COL, FIT) over the same time period. These data support growing patient and provider interest in the molecularly-based mt-sDNA test as a non-invasive option for average-risk CRC screening. Of note, screening COLs may be underestimated by our methodology, as screening COLs resulting in polyp removal may be coded as diagnostic and thus not captured with the applied codes. Further investigation using data from other sources, including those that include non-Medicare patients, are encouraged to confirm and extend these findings.

RNA Biology, 2019

Non-coding RNAs occupy a significant fraction of the human genome. Their biological significance ... more Non-coding RNAs occupy a significant fraction of the human genome. Their biological significance is backed up by a plethora of emerging evidence. One of the most robust approaches to demonstrate non-coding RNA's biological relevance is through their prognostic value. Using the rich gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA), we designed Advanced Expression Survival Analysis (AESA), a web tool which provides several novel survival analysis approaches not offered by previous tools. In addition to the common single-gene approach, AESA computes the gene expression composite score of a set of genes for survival analysis and utilizes permutation test or cross-validation to assess the significance of log-rank statistic and the degree of over-fitting. AESA offers survival feature selection with post-selection inference and utilizes expanded TCGA clinical data including overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and progression-free survival information. Users can analyze either protein-coding or non-coding regions of the transcriptome. We demonstrated the effectiveness of AESA using several empirical examples. Our analyses showed that non-coding RNAs perform as well as messenger RNAs in predicting survival of cancer patients. These results reinforce the potential prognostic value of non-coding RNAs. AESA is developed as a module in the freely accessible analysis suite MutEx.

npj Breast Cancer, 2019

Obesity exerts adverse effects on breast cancer survival, but the means have not been fully eluci... more Obesity exerts adverse effects on breast cancer survival, but the means have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated obesity as a contributor to breast cancer survival according to tumor molecular subtypes in a population-based case–cohort study using data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. We determined whether obese women were more likely to be diagnosed with poor prognosis tumor characteristics and quantified the contribution of obesity to survival. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via Cox multivariate models. The effect of obesity on survival was evaluated among 859 incident breast cancers (subcohort; 15% random sample; median survival 7.8 years) and 697 deaths from breast cancer (cases; 100% sample). Obese women had a 1.7- and 1.8-fold increased risk of stage III/IV disease and grade 3/4 tumors, respectively. Obese women with Luminal A- and Luminal B-like breast cancer were 1.8 (95% CI 1.3–2.5) and 2.2 (95% CI...

Journal of general internal medicine, 2018

Breast cancer screening with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a useful adjunct to screenin... more Breast cancer screening with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a useful adjunct to screening mammography in high-risk women, but MRI uptake may be increasing rapidly among low- and average-risk women for whom benefits are unestablished. Comparatively little is known about use of screening MRI in community practice. To assess relative utilization of MRI among women who do and do not meet professional society guidelines for supplemental screening, and describe utilization according to breast cancer risk indications. Prospective cohort study conducted between 2007 and 2014. In five regional imaging registries participating in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), 348,955 women received a screening mammogram, of whom 1499 underwent screening MRI. Lifetime breast cancer risk (< 20% or ≥ 20%) estimated by family history of two or more first-degree relatives, and Gail model risk estimates. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System breast density and benign breast diseas...

Journal of women's health (2002), Jan 17, 2018

Women at high lifetime breast cancer risk may benefit from supplemental breast magnetic resonance... more Women at high lifetime breast cancer risk may benefit from supplemental breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening, in addition to routine mammography screening for earlier cancer detection. We performed a cross-sectional study of 422,406 women undergoing routine mammography screening across 86 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) facilities during calendar year 2012. We determined availability and use of on-site screening breast MRI services based on woman-level characteristics, including >20% lifetime absolute risk using the National Cancer Institute risk assessment tool. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine sociodemographic characteristics associated with on-site screening MRI use. Overall, 43.9% (2403/5468) of women at high lifetime risk attended a facility with on-site breast MRI screening availability. However, only 6.6% (158/2403) of high-risk women obtained breast MRI screening within a 2-year window of their screening mammogram. Patient factor...

Preventive Medicine, 2016

In the U.S., guidelines recommend that women continue mammography screening until at least age 74... more In the U.S., guidelines recommend that women continue mammography screening until at least age 74, but recent evidence suggests declining screening rates in older women. We estimated adherence to screening mammography and multilevel factors associated with adherence in a longitudinal cohort of older women. Women aged 66-75 years receiving screening mammography

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR, Jan 22, 2016

Mammography, unlike MRI, is relatively geographically accessible. Additional travel time is often... more Mammography, unlike MRI, is relatively geographically accessible. Additional travel time is often required to access breast MRI. However, the amount of additional travel time and whether it varies on the basis of sociodemographic or breast cancer risk factors is unknown. The investigators examined screening mammography and MRI between 2005 and 2012 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium by (1) travel time to the closest and actual mammography facility used and the difference between the two, (2) women's breast cancer risk factors, and (3) sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of traveling farther than the closest facility in relation to women's characteristics. Among 821,683 screening mammographic examinations, 76.6% occurred at the closest facility, compared with 51.9% of screening MRI studies (n = 3,687). The median differential travel time among women not using the closest facility for mammography was 14 min (interquartil...

International Journal of Health Geographics, 2016

Background: Characterizing geographic access depends on a broad range of methods available to res... more Background: Characterizing geographic access depends on a broad range of methods available to researchers and the healthcare context to which the method is applied. Globally, travel time is one frequently used measure of geographic access with known limitations associated with data availability. Specifically, due to lack of available utilization data, many travel time studies assume that patients use the closest facility. To examine this assumption, an example using mammography screening data, which is considered a geographically abundant health care service in the United States, is explored. This work makes an important methodological contribution to measuring access-which is a critical component of health care planning and equity almost everywhere. Method: We analyzed one mammogram from each of 646,553 women participating in the US based Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium for years 2005-2012. We geocoded each record to street level address data in order to calculate travel time to the closest and to the actually used mammography facility. Travel time between the closest and the actual facility used was explored by woman-level and facility characteristics. Results: Only 35 % of women in the study population used their closest facility, but nearly three-quarters of women not using their closest facility used a facility within 5 min of the closest facility. Individuals that bypassed the closest facility tended to live in an urban core, within higher income neighborhoods, or in areas where the average travel times to work was longer. Those living in small towns or isolated rural areas had longer closer and actual median drive times. Conclusion: Since the majority of US women accessed a facility within a few minutes of their closest facility this suggests that distance to the closest facility may serve as an adequate proxy for utilization studies of geographically abundant services like mammography in areas where the transportation networks are well established.

The American journal of gastroenterology, Jan 9, 2016

Individuals whose families meet the Amsterdam II clinical criteria for hereditary non-polyposis c... more Individuals whose families meet the Amsterdam II clinical criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer are recommended to be referred for genetic counseling and to have colonoscopic screening every 1-2 years. To assess the uptake and knowledge of guideline-based genetic counseling and colonoscopic screening in unaffected members of families who meet Amsterdam II criteria and their treating endoscopists. Participants in the Family Health Promotion Project who met the Amsterdam II criteria were surveyed regarding their knowledge of risk-appropriate guidelines for genetic counseling and colonoscopy screening. Endoscopy/pathology reports were obtained from patients screened during the study to determine the follow-up recommendations made by their endoscopists. Survey responses were compared using Fisher's Exact and the χ(2) test. Concordance in participant/provider-reported surveillance interval was assessed using the kappa statistic. Of the 165 participants, the majority...

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2012

Introduction: Our limited understanding of breast cancer mortality differences by race/ethnicity ... more Introduction: Our limited understanding of breast cancer mortality differences by race/ethnicity may be enhanced by examination of changes in those differences over time, and by further assessment of such differences by hormone receptor status, an important prognostic indicator. We sought to determine whether mortality disparities remained consistent with calendar time, and whether any differences were apparent between hormone receptor subgroups, in a large population-based study. Methods: Using Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) data for invasive breast cancer cases in 9 registries diagnosed from 1975-2004 and followed through 2009, we utilized Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for 5-year breast cancer-specific mortality among women of African American race or Hispanic ethnicity, compared with non-Hispanic white women. Women considered Hispanic due only to a Hispanic surname were omitted. HR were estimated separately for women diagnosed in each succeeding 5 y...

Journal of Medical Screening, 2015

Objective Among vulnerable women, unequal access to advanced breast imaging modalities beyond scr... more Objective Among vulnerable women, unequal access to advanced breast imaging modalities beyond screening mammography may lead to delays in cancer diagnosis and unfavourable outcomes. We aimed to compare on-site availability of advanced breast imaging services (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and image-guided biopsy) between imaging facilities serving vulnerable patient populations and those serving non-vulnerable populations. Setting 73 imaging facilities across five Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium regional registries in the United States during 2011 and 2012. Methods We examined facility and patient characteristics across a large, national sample of imaging facilities and patients served. We characterized facilities as serving vulnerable populations based on the proportion of mammograms performed on women with lower educational attainment, lower median income, racial/ethnic minority status, and rural residence. We performed multivariable logistic regression to de...

Academic radiology, Jan 4, 2015

To determine the relationship between screening mammography facility characteristics and on-site ... more To determine the relationship between screening mammography facility characteristics and on-site availability of advanced breast imaging services required for supplemental screening and the diagnostic evaluation of abnormal screening findings. We analyzed data from all active imaging facilities across six regional registries of the National Cancer Institute-funded Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium offering screening mammography in calendar years 2011-2012 (n = 105). We used generalized estimating equations regression models to identify associations between facility characteristics (eg, academic affiliation, practice type) and availability of on-site advanced breast imaging (eg, ultrasound [US], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and image-guided biopsy services. Breast MRI was not available at any nonradiology or breast imaging-only facilities. A combination of breast US, breast MRI, and imaging-guided breast biopsy services was available at 76.0% of multispecialty breast centers...

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 2014

Background-Women with lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), atypi... more Background-Women with lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), or atypical hyperplasia (AH) are at increased breast cancer (BC) risk. We investigated the accuracy and outcomes of mammography screening in women with histology-proven LCIS, ALH, ADH, or AH history who had screening through Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium-affiliated mammography facilities. Methods-Screens from two cohorts, defined by LCIS/ALH or ADH/AH history, were compared to two cohorts without such history mammogram-matched for age-group, breast density, family history, screen-year, and mammography registry. Results-Overall 359 BCs (277 invasive BC) occurred within 1-year from screening amongst 52,380 screens. In the LCIS/ALH cohort [versus comparator screens] cancer incidence rates, cancer detection rates (CDR), and interval cancer rates (ICR) were significantly higher (all P<0.001); although ICR was 4.4/1000 screens [versus 0.9/1000; P<0.001] the proportion that were

American Journal of Roentgenology, 2014

diologists' interpretive performance, the components that contributed most to the observed effect... more diologists' interpretive performance, the components that contributed most to the observed effects could not be determined [10, 14]. The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) requires physicians who interpret mammography to obtain at least 15 hours of category 1 continuing medical education (CME) units in mammography every 36 months to maintain their qualifications [1]. Also under MQSA, a lead interpreting physician is required to review mammography au

Journal of the American College of Radiology, 2014

Travel time to mammography and ultrasound for most U.S. women (85%) is ≤ 20 minutes. Native Ameri... more Travel time to mammography and ultrasound for most U.S. women (85%) is ≤ 20 minutes. Native American and rural women have a disproportionately high travel burden to breast imaging modalities.

International Journal of Cancer, 2003

Experimental evidence suggests that insulin and insulinrelated growth factors may play a role in ... more Experimental evidence suggests that insulin and insulinrelated growth factors may play a role in breast pathology through their mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects on breast cells. Our objective was to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), its major binding protein (IGFBP-3), the ratio IGF-I:IGFBP-3, c-peptide (a marker of insulin secretion) and the ratio cpeptide:fructosamine (a marker of insulin resistance) and the risk of epithelial hyperplasia (an established breast cancer risk factor) and localized breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Study subjects were patients who provided serum before breast biopsy or mastectomy in 3 hospitals in Grand Rapids, MI between 1977 and 1987. Two case groups, 186 subjects with epithelial hyperplasia of the breast and 185 subjects with localized breast cancer, were compared to 159 subjects with nonproliferative breast changes that have not been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and the ratio IGF-I:IG-FBP-3 were not related to risk of either hyperplasia or breast cancer. For women in the highest quartile of c-peptide or of c-peptide:fructosamine compared to those in the lowest quartile, the odds ratios (ORs) for hyperplasia were 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-6.5) and 3.3 (95% CI 1.5-7.3), respectively (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.02 and 0.02, respectively). The corresponding ORs for breast cancer were 1.5 (95% CI 0.7-3.0) and 1.6 (95% CI 0.8-3.2), respectively (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.35 and 0.25, respectively). Our results suggest that insulin and insulin resistance may play a role in breast pathology in postmenopausal women.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005

Objective: We sought to determine whether serum concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and sex h... more Objective: We sought to determine whether serum concentrations of estrogens, androgens, and sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal women were related to the presence of mammary hyperplasia, an established breast cancer risk factor. Methods: Study participants provided serum before breast biopsy or mastectomy in three hospitals in Grand Rapids, Michigan, between 1977 and 1987. A total of 179 subjects with breast hyperplasia were compared with 152 subjects with nonproliferative breast changes that are not associated with increased breast cancer risk. Results: The odds ratios (OR) associated with the three upper quartiles of estradiol in comparison with the lowest quartile were 2.2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1-4.6], 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1-5.3), and 4.1 (95% CI, 2.0-8.5; Ptrend = 0.007). The corresponding ORs for bioavailable estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate were of generally similar magnitude (Ptrend = 0.003 for bioavailable estradiol, 0.0004 for estrone, and 0.0009 f...

Cancer Causes & Control, 2011

The daily administered dose of progestin in continuous-combined estrogen-progestin therapy is pro... more The daily administered dose of progestin in continuous-combined estrogen-progestin therapy is provided to counteract the proliferative effect of estrogen on the postmenopausal endometrium. However, there remains some uncertainty as to whether use of such a combined regimen, over the long-term, is associated with an altered risk of endometrial cancer. We pooled data from four population-based case-control studies of endometrial cancer in western Washington State. Cases, ages 45-74, were diagnosed between 1985 and 2005. Using logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors, women who had exclusively used continuous-combined estrogen-progestin therapy (90 endometrial cancer cases, 227 controls) were compared to women who had never used any type of hormone therapy (774 cases, 1116 controls). Associations with duration and recency of use were evaluated overall and within strata defined by body mass index. Long-term use of continuous-combined estrogen-progestin therapy (≥10 years) was associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.66). This association was most pronounced in women with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 (OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.68). Associations did not differ according to recency of use. These results suggest that long duration of use of continuouscombined estrogen-progestin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer risk.

Blood, 2007

phoma, men who carried at least 1 copy of the BRCA2 N372H C allele had a significantly increased ... more phoma, men who carried at least 1 copy of the BRCA2 N372H C allele had a significantly increased risk (OR ϭ 2.30, 95% CI, 1.08-4.87 based on 23 patients and 194 control participants with the C allele compared with 11 patients and 208 control participants), while women were at decreased risk (OR ϭ 0.43, 95% CI, 0.17-1.06 based on 7 patients and 176 control participants with the C allele compared with 17 patients and 179 control participants) (test for interaction: 2 ϭ 8.42, P ϭ .004). Our data suggest that there is little association between NHL and either of these 2 polymorphisms. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of an association, and further investigation is required using larger datasets to elucidate the role of these polymorphisms in determining the risk of developing NHL.